Publication Cover
International Journal of Architectural Heritage
Conservation, Analysis, and Restoration
Volume 16, 2022 - Issue 12
285
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Experimental Study of Upward Flame Spread over Discrete Weathered Wood Chips

, , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 1797-1808 | Received 09 Feb 2021, Accepted 22 Mar 2021, Published online: 11 Apr 2021

References

  • An, Z. Y., and Y. Y. Wang (2016) Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Education, Management, Computer and Society. S. Yingying, C. Guiran, and L. Zhen (eds), pp. 1947–49.
  • Bahrani, B., V. Hemmati, A. Zhou, and S. L. Quarles. 2018. Effects of natural weathering on the fire properties of intumescent fire‐retardant coatings. Fire and Materials 42 (4):413–23. doi:10.1002/fam.2506.
  • Cui, W., and Y.-T.-T. Liao. 2019. Experimental study of upward flame spread over discrete thin fuels. Fire Safety Journal 110:102907. doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102907.
  • de Sa, D. M., M. R. Sa, and N. T. Lima. 2018. The National Museum and its role in the history of science and health in Brazil. Cadernos De Saude Publica 34 (12): 28–37.
  • Gollner, M. J., Y. Xie, M. Lee, Y. Nakamura, and A. S. Rangwala. 2012. Burning behavior of vertical matchstick arrays. Combustion Science and Technology 184 (5):585–607. doi:10.1080/00102202.2011.652787.
  • Hao, H., C. L. Chow, and D. Lau. 2020. Effect of heat flux on combustion of different wood species. Fuel 278:118325. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118325.
  • Janssens, M. L. 2004. Modeling of the thermal degradation of structural wood members exposed to fire. Fire and Materials 28 (2‐4):199–207. doi:10.1002/fam.848.
  • Jiang, L., Z. Zhao, W. Tang, C. Miller, J.-H. Sun, and M. J. Gollner. 2019. Flame spread and burning rates through vertical arrays of wooden dowels. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 37 (3):3767–74. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2018.09.008.
  • Lai, Y., X. Wang, T. B. O. Rockett, J. R. Willmott, H. Zhou, and Y. Zhang. 2020. The effect of preheating on fire propagation on inclined wood by multi-spectrum and schlieren visualisation. Fire Safety Journal 118:103223. doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2020.103223.
  • LeVan, S. L., and C. A. Holmes (1986) Effectiveness of fire-retardant treatments for shingles after 10 years of outdoor weathering. Research paper FPL, 474): 15 p.: ill.; 28 cm. 474.
  • Li, J., H. Li, B. Zhou, X. Wang, and H. Zhang. 2018. Investigation and statistical analysis of fire loads of 83 historic buildings in Beijing. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 14(3), 471–482.
  • Lionetto, F., R. Del Sole, D. Cannoletta, G. Vasapollo, and A. Maffezzoli. 2012. Monitoring wood degradation during weathering by cellulose crystallinity. Materials 5 (10):1910–22. doi:10.3390/ma5101910.
  • Mackie, P., and F. Sim. 2019. Notre Dame of Paris. Public Health 170:A1–A2. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2019.04.009.
  • Meng, Q.-X., G.-Q. Zhu, M.-M. Yu, and R.-L. Pan. 2018. The effect of thickness on plywood vertical fire spread. Procedia Engineering 211:555–64. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.12.048.
  • Östman, B.-L., and L. J. I. W. P. J. Tsantaridis. 2017. Durability of the reaction to fire performance of fire-retardant-treated wood products in exterior applications–a 10-year report. 8 (2):94–100.
  • Östman, B. A. 2017. Fire performance of wood products and timber structures. International Wood Products Journal 8 (2):74–79. doi:10.1080/20426445.2017.1320851.
  • Park, J., J. Brucker, R. Seballos, B. Kwon, and Y.-T.-T. Liao. 2018. Concurrent flame spread over discrete thin fuels. Combustion and Flame 191:116–25. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.01.008.
  • Popescu, C.-M., and A. Pfriem. 2020. Treatments and modification to improve the reaction to fire of wood and wood based products—An overview. Fire and Materials 44 (1):100–11. doi:10.1002/fam.2779.
  • Rawlinson, K., and D. Gayle (2017) Exeterblazedestroyshotelsaid to be oldest in England. [ online] The Guardian, Accessed December 30, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/oct/28/exeterfire-threatens-royal-clarence-hotel.
  • Ren, N., J. de Vries, X. Zhou, M. Chaos, K. V. Meredith, and Y. Wang. 2017. Large-scale fire suppression modeling of corrugated cardboard boxes on wood pallets in rack-storage configurations. Fire Safety Journal 91:695–704. doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.04.008.
  • Song, K., I. Ganguly, I. Eastin, and A. Dichiara. 2020. High temperature and fire behavior of hydrothermally modified wood impregnated with carbon nanomaterials. Journal of Hazardous Materials 384:121283. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121283.
  • Sudol, E. 2014. Weathering resistance of fire-retardant coatings on facade claddings made of selected exotic wood species. Part 1: Review of exposure methods. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology 86:256.
  • Turner, C. (2017) Thousands of historic buildings across the country are vulnerable to fire, say experts. [ online] Telegraph.co.uk. Accessed December 30, 2017. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/12060749/Thousands-of-historic-buildingsacross-the-country-are-vulnerable-to-fire-say-experts.html.
  • Wang, M., X. Song, X. Gu, Y. Zhang, and L. Luo. 2015. Rotational behavior of bolted beam-to-column connections with locally cross-laminated glulam. Journal of Structural Engineering 141 (4):04014121. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001035.
  • Wang, Q., H. Xiao, W. Wan, Z. Cui, H. Zhu, and J. Sun. 2018. Flame spread on inclined wood surfaces: Influence of external heat flux and ambient oxygen concentration. Combustion Science and Technology 190 (1):97–113. doi:10.1080/00102202.2017.1376665.
  • Wu, J. Q., J. Zhang, and X. H. Zeng. 2017. Research on the status and strategy on fire safety of our country’s ancient buildings in the new era(in Chinese). Water & Wastewater Engineering 53 (4):85–90.
  • Yin, W., and H. Yamamoto. 2013. Standing tree assessment for the maintenance of historic wooden buildings: A case study of a World Heritage site in China. Iforest-Biogeosciences and Forestry 6:169–74. doi:10.3832/ifor0753-006.
  • Zeinali, D., A. Gupta, G. Maragkos, G. Agarwal, T. Beji, M. Chaos, Y. Wang, J. Degroote, and B. Merci. 2019. Study of the importance of non-uniform mass density in numerical simulations of fire spread over MDF panels in a corner configuration. Combustion and Flame 200:303–15. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.11.020.
  • Zhang, Y., J. Ji, J. Li, J. Sun, Q. Wang, and X. Huang. 2012. Effects of altitude and sample width on the characteristics of horizontal flame spread over wood sheets. Fire Safety Journal 51:120–25. doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2012.02.006.
  • Zhou, B., H. Yoshioka, T. Noguchi, X. Wang, and C. C. Lam. 2018. Experimental study on fire performance of weathered cedar. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 13 (8):1195–1208. DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2018.1501115
  • Zhou, B., X. M. Zhou, and M. Y. Chao. 2012. Fire protection of historic buildings: A case study of Group-living yard in Tianjin. Journal of Cultural Heritage 13 (4):389–96. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2011.12.007.
  • Zhou, X. M., B. Zhou, and J. Xiang. 2010a. Study of fire-extinguishing performance of portable water-mist fire extinguisher in historical buildings. Journal of Cultural Heritage 11:392–97. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2010.03.003.
  • Zhou, X. M., B. A. Zhou, and X. A. Jin. 2010b. Study of fire-extinguishing performance of portable water-mist fire extinguisher in historical buildings. Journal of Cultural Heritage 11 (4):392–97.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.