1,731
Views
50
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Microencapsulation by in situ Polymerization of Amino Resins

, , , &

References

  • Green, B. K. "Pressure sensitive record material", US Patent 2,712, 507, 1955.
  • Green, B. K.; Schleicher, L. "Manifold record material", US Patent 2,730,456, 1956.
  • Green, B. K.; Schleicher, L. "Oil-containing microscopic capsules and method of making them", US Patent 2,800,457, 1957.
  • Cui, J.; Hao, J. "Nanoengineered polymer capsules: From fabrication to applications", In Self-Assembled Structures: Properties and Applications in Solution and on Surfaces; Hao, J., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2011; pp 35–77. Doi: 10.1201/b10479-3
  • Arán-Ais, F.; Pérez-Limiñana, M. Á.; Sánchez-Navarro, M. M.; Orgilés-Barceló, C. "Developments in microencapsulation technology to improve adhesive formulations", J. Adhes. 2012, 88, 391–405. Doi: 10.1080/00218464.2012.660368
  • Arshady, R.; George, M. H. "Suspension, dispersion, and interfacial polycondensation: A methodological survey", Polym. Eng. Sci. 1993, 33, 865–876. Doi: 10.1002/pen.760331402
  • Bansode, S. S.; Banarjee, S. K.; Gaikwad, D. D.;Jadhav, S. L.; Thorat, R. M. "Microencapsulation: A review", Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res. 2010, 1, 38–43.
  • Gouin, S. "Microencapsulation: Industrial appraisal of existing technologies and trends", Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2004, 15, 330–347. Doi: 10.1002/pen.760331402
  • Jyothi, N. V. N.; Prasanna, P. M.; Sakarkar, S. N.;Prabha, K. S.; Ramaiah, P. S.; Srawan, G. Y. "Microencapsulation techniques, factors influencing encapsulation efficiency.", J. Microencapsulation 2010, 27, 187–197. Doi: 10.3109/02652040903131301
  • Thies, C. "Microencapsulation", In Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology; Mark, H. F., Ed.; John Wiley and Sons: Hoboken, NJ, 2004; pp 1–29. Doi: 10.1002/0471440264.pst198
  • Shukla, P. G. "Microencapsulation of liquid active agents", In Functional Coatings; Ghosh, S. K., Ed.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2006; pp 153–186. Doi: 10.1002/3527608478.ch5
  • Sliwka, W. "Microencapsulation", Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. 1975, 14, 539–550. Doi: 10.1002/anie.197505391
  • Thies, C. "Physicochemical aspects of microencapsulation", Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 1975, 5, 1–22. Doi: 10.1080/03602557508063091
  • Umer, H.; Nigam, H.; Tamboli, A. M.; Nainar, M. S. M. "Microencapsulation: Process, techniques and applications", Int. J. Res. Pharm. Biomed. Sci. 2011, 2, 474–481.
  • Thies, C. "Microencapsulation", In Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry, 5th Edition; Considine, G. D., Ed.; John Wiley and Sons: Hoboken, NJ, 2005; pp 1–6. Doi: 10.1002/0471740039.vec1633
  • Poncelet, D. "Microencapsulation: Fundamentals, methods and applications", In Surface Chemistry in Biomedical and Environmental Science; Blitz, J. P., Gun'ko, V. M., Eds.; Springer: Dordrecht, 2006; pp 23–34. Doi: 10.1007/1-4020-4741-X_3
  • Dubey, R.; Shami, T. C.; Bhasker Rao, K. U. "Microencapsulation technology and applications", Def. Sci. J. 2009, 59, 82–95. Doi: 10.14429/dsj.59.1489
  • Simon, B., Ed. Microencapsulation: Methods and Industrial Applications, 1st Edition; Marcel Dekker: New York, NY, 1996.
  • Ghosh, S. K., Ed. Functional Coatings; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2006. Doi: 10.1002/3527608478
  • Vandegaer, J. E., Ed. Microencapsulation: Processes and Applications; Plenum Press: New York, NY, 1973. Doi: 10.1007/978-1-4684-0739-6
  • Mishra, M. K. "Overview of encapsulation and controlled release", In Handbook of Encapsulation and Controlled Release; Mishra, M., Ed.; Taylor and Francis: Boca Raton, 2016; pp 3–19. Doi: 10.1201/b19038-3
  • Lamprecht, A.; Bodmeier, R. “Microencapsulation”, In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry; Elvers, B. Ed.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2010; Vol. 23, pp 157–172. Doi: 10.1002/14356007.a16_575.pub2
  • Salaün, F. "Microencapsulation by interfacial polymerization", In Encapsulation Nanotechnologies; Mittal, V., Ed.; Scrivener Publishing/Wiley: Salem, MA, 2013; pp 137–173. Doi: 10.1002/9781118729175.ch5
  • Finch, C. A. "Industrial microencapsulation: polymers for microcapsule walls", In Encapsulation and Controlled Release; Karsa, D. R., Stephenson, R. A., Eds.; Woodhead Publishing Ltd: Abington, 1993; pp 1–12. Doi: 10.1533/9781845698218.1
  • Marteaux, L. "Si-based inorganic microencapsulation", In Microencapsulation: Innovative Applications; Giamberini, M., Fernandez Prieto, S., Tylkowski, B., Eds.; de Gruyter: Berlin, 2015; pp 187–216. Doi: 10.1515/9783110331998-010
  • Sun, G.; Zhang, Z. "Mechanical properties of melamine-formaldehyde microcapsules", J. Microencapsulation 2001, 18, 593–602. Doi: 10.1080/02652040010019541
  • Yuan, L.; Liang, G. Z.; Xie, J. Q.; Guo, J.; Li, L. "Thermal stability of microencapsulated epoxy resins with poly(urea-formaldehyde)", Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2006, 91, 2300–2306. Doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.04.026
  • Powell, M. P. "Water-resistant micro-capsular opacifier system and products" US Patent 4,089,834, 1978.
  • Yuan, L.; Liang, G. Z.; Xie, J. Q.; Li, L.; Guo, J. "The permeability and stability of microencapsulated epoxy resins", J. Mater. Sci. 2007, 42, 4390–4397. Doi: 10.1007/s10853-006-0606-6
  • Yuan, L.; Liang, G.; Xie, J.; Li, L.; Guo, J. "Preparation and characterization of poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules filled with epoxy resins", Polymer. 2006, 47, 5338–5349. Doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.05.051
  • Fei, X.; Zhao, H.; Zhang, B.; Cao, L.; Yu, M.; Zhou, J.; Yu, L. "Microencapsulation mechanism and size control of fragrance microcapsules with melamine resin shell", Colloids Surf. A 2015, 469, 300–306. Doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.01.033
  • Liu, X.; Sheng, X.; Lee, J. K.; Kessler, M. R. "Synthesis and characterization of melamine-urea-formaldehyde microcapsules containing ENB-based self-healing agents", Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2009, 294, 389–395. Doi: 10.1002/mame.200900015
  • Duan, B. "Microencapsulation via in situ polymerization", In Handbook of Encapsulation and Controlled Release; Mishra, M., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2016; pp 307–314. Doi: 10.1201/b19038-19
  • Boh, B.; Sumiga, B. "In situ polymerisation microcapsules", Bioencapsulation Innov. 2013, 4–6.
  • Dietrich, K.; Herma, H.; Nastke, R.; Bonatz, E.; Teige, W. "Amino resin microcapsules. I. Literature and patent review", Acta Polym. 1989, 40, 243–251. Doi: 10.1002/actp.1989.010400406
  • Sobel, R.; Versic, R.; Gaonkar, A. G. "Introduction to microencapsulation and controlled delivery in foods", In Microencapsulation in the Food Industry: A Practical Implementation Guide; Gaonkar, A. G., Vasisht, N., Khare, A. R., Sobel, R., Eds.; Elsevier Inc./Academic Press: San Diego, CA, 2014. pp 3–12. Doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-404568-2.00001-7
  • Thies, C. "Physicochemical aspects of microencapsulation", Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 1975, 5, 1–22. Doi: 10.1080/03602557508063091
  • Percy, S. R. "Improvement in drying and concentrating liquid substances by atomizing", US Patent 125,406, 1872.
  • Macaulay, N. "Recording paper coated with microscopic capsules of coloring material, capsules and method of making", US Patent 3,016,308, 1962.
  • Bungenberg de Jong, H. G.; Kruyt, H. R. "Koacervation", Kolloid Zeitschrift 1930, 50, 39–48. Doi: 10.1007/BF01422833
  • Thies, C. "A survey of microencapsulation processes", In Microencapsulation - Methods and Industrial Applications; Simon, B., Ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, NY, 1996; pp 1–19.
  • Vassiliades, A. E. "Microcapsules, process for their formation and transfer sheet record material coated therewith", US Patent 3,993,831, 1976.
  • Hasler, D. J.; McGhee, T. A. "Microcapsules methods for their preparation, and sheet material carrying microcapsules", US Patent 4,105,823, 1978.
  • Zhang, Y.; Rochefort, D. "Characterisation and applications of microcapsules obtained by interfacial polycondensation", J. Microencapsulation 2012, 29, 1–14. Doi: 10.3109/02652048.2012.676092
  • Baxter, G. "Microencapsulation processes in modern business forms", In Microencapsulation: Processes and Applications; Vandegaer, J. E., Ed.; Plenum Press: New York, 1974; pp 127–143. Doi: 10.1007/978-1-4684-0739-6_11
  • Veatch, F.; Burhans, R. W. "Process of producing hollow particles and resulting product", US Patent 2,797,201, 1957.
  • Soloway, S. "Encapsulation of natural products", US Patent 3,137,631, 1964.
  • Geary, R. J. "Particulate pesticidal composition coated with an amido-aldehyde resin polymerized in situ", US Patent 3,074,845, 1963.
  • Matson, G. W. "Microcapsules and process of making", US Patent 3,516,941, 1970.
  • Matson, G. W. "Microcapsules-containing paper", US Patent 3,516,846, 1970.
  • Shrewsbury, R. W. "Copy sheet having a layer of thermally rupturable hollow microcapsules on a conductive backing and the method of use ", US Patent 3,318,697, 1967.
  • Deckert, F. W.; Matson, G. W. "Sealant having epoxide encapsulated by aminoplast shell and polymeric binder", US Patent 3,642,937, 1972.
  • White, S. R.; Sottos, N. R.; Geubelle, P. H.;Moore, J. S.; Kessler, M. R.; Sriram, S. R.; Brown, E. N.; Viswanathan, S. "Autonomic healing of polymer composites", Nature 2001, 409, 794–797. Doi: 10.1038/35057232
  • Shchukin, D.; Möhwald, H. "A coat of many applications", Science 2013, 341, 1458–1459. Doi: 10.1126/science.1242895
  • Tong, X.-M.; Zhang, T.; Yang, M.-Z.; Zhang, Q. "Preparation and characterization of novel melamine modified poly(urea-formaldehyde) self-repairing microcapsules", Colloids Surf. A 2010, 371, 91–97. Doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.09.009
  • Wang, R.; Hu, H.; Liu, W.; He, X.; Guo, Q. "The effect of synthesis condition on physical properties of epoxy-containing microcapsules", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2012, 124, 1866–1879. Doi: 10.1002/app.35207
  • Yin, T.; Rong, M. Z.; Zhang, M. Q.; Yang, G. C. "Self-healing epoxy composites - Preparation and effect of the healant consisting of microencapsulated epoxy and latent curing agent", Compos. Sci. Technol. 2007, 67, 201–212. Doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.07.028
  • Cosco, S.; Ambrogi, V.; Musto, P.; Carfagna, C. "Urea-formaldehyde microcapsules containing an epoxy resin: Influence of reaction parameters on the encapsulation yield", Macromol. Symp. 2006, 234, 184–192. Doi: 10.1002/masy.200650224
  • Cosco, S.; Ambrogi, V.; Musto, P.; Carfagna, C. "Properties of poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules containing an epoxy resin", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2007, 105, 1400–1411. Doi: 10.1002/app.26263
  • Blaiszik, B. J.; Caruso, M. M.; McIlroy, D. A.;Moore, J. S.; White, S. R.; Sottos, N. R. "Microcapsules filled with reactive solutions for self-healing materials", Polymer. 2009, 50, 990–997. Doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.12.040
  • Diem, H.; Matthias, G.; Wagner, R. A. "Amino resins", In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry; Elvers, B. Ed.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2012; Vol. 3, pp 79–106. Doi: 10.1002/14356007.a02_115.pub2
  • Braun, D.; Ritzert, H.-J. "Urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde polymers", In Comprehensive Polymer Science and Supplements; Allen, G., Bevington, J. C., Eds.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1989; Vol. 5, pp 649–665. Doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-096701-1.00177-4
  • Brydson, J. A. "Aminoplastics", In Plastics Materials; 7th ed., Brydson, J. A. Ed.; Butterworth-Heinemann: Oxford, 1999; pp 668–693. Doi: 10.1016/B978-075064132-6/50065-6
  • Dunky, M. "Urea–formaldehyde (UF) adhesive resins for wood", Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 1998, 18, 95–107. Doi: 10.1016/S0143-7496(97)00054-7
  • Pizzi, A. "Urea–formaldehyde adhesives", In Handbook of Adhesive Technology; Pizzi, A., Mittal, K. L., Eds.; Dekker: New York, NY, 2003; Ch. 31. pp 1–18. Doi: 10.1201/9780203912225.ch31
  • Williams, L. L. "Amino resins and plastics", In Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology; Mark, H. F., Ed.; John Wiley and Sons: Hoboken, NJ, 2003; Vol. 1, pp 340–371. Doi: 10.1002/0471440264.pst017
  • Crowe, G. A.; Lynch, C. L. "Urea-formaldehyde kinetic studies", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 3795–3797. Doi: 10.1021/ja01191a075
  • Crowe, G. A.; Lynch, C. C. "Polarographic urea-formaldehyde kinetic studies", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 3731–3733. Doi: 10.1021/ja01179a040
  • Smets, G.; Borzee, A. "Réactions de condensation de formaldéhyde et d'urée", J. Polym. Sci. 1952, 8, 371–394. Doi: 10.1002/pol.1952.120080403
  • de Jong, J. I. "Note on the reaction of urea and formaldehyde", Recl. des Trav. Chim. des Pays-Bas 1950, 69, 1566. Doi: 10.1002/recl.19500691213
  • de Jong, J. I.; de Jonge, J. "The reaction of urea with formaldehyde", Recl. des Trav. Chim. des Pays-Bas 1952, 71, 643–660. Doi: 10.1002/recl.19520710704
  • de Jong, J. I.; de Jonge, J. "The formation and decomposition of dimethylolurea", Recl. des Trav. Chim. des Pays-Bas 1952, 71, 661–667. Doi: 10.1002/recl.19520710705
  • de Jong, J. I.; de Jonge, J.; Eden, H. A. K. "The formation of trimethylol urea", Recl. des Trav. Chim. des Pays-Bas 1953, 72, 88–90. Doi: 10.1002/recl.19530720111
  • de Jong, J. I.; de Jonge, J. "Kinetics of the formation of methylene linkages in solutions of urea and formaldehyde", Recl. des Trav. Chim. des Pays-Bas 1953, 72, 139–156. Doi: 10.1002/recl.19530720211
  • de Jong, J. I.; de Jong, J. "The hydrolysis of methylene diurea", Recl. des Trav. Chim. des Pays-Bas 1953, 72, 202–206. Doi: 10.1002/recl.1953072
  • de Jong, J. I.; de Jonge, J. "Kinetics of the reaction between mono- methylolurea and methylene diurea", Recl. des Trav. Chim. des Pays-Bas 1953, 72, 207–212. Doi: 10.1002/recl.19530720306
  • Landqvist, N. "On the reaction between urea and formaldehyde in neutral and alkaline solutions. 1. Experimental studies of the rates of the equimolecular reaction", Acta Chem. Scand. 1955, 9, 1127–1142. Doi: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.09-1127
  • Landqvist, N. "On the reaction between urea and formaldehyde in neutral and alkaline solutions. 2. Experimental Studies of the Rates of the Equimolecular Reaction between monomethylol urea and formaldehyde", Acta Chem. Scand. 1955, 9, 1459–1465. Doi: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.09-1459
  • Landqvist, N. "On the reaction between urea and formaldehyde in neutral and alkaline solutions. 3. Experimental studies of the rates of hydrolysis of monomethylol urea", Acta Chem. Scand. 1955, 9, 1466–1470. Doi: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.09-1466
  • Landqvist, N. "On the reaction between urea and formaldehyde in neutral and alkaline solutions. 4. Experimental studies of the rates of hydrolysis of dimethylol urea", Acta Chem. Scand. 1955, 9, 1471–1476. Doi: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.09-1471
  • Landqvist, N. "On the reaction between urea and formaldehyde in neutral and alkaline solutions. 5. Experimental studies of the order of the “equimolecular” reaction between urea and formaldehyde at equal concentrations of the reactants", Acta Chem. Scand. 1955, 9, 1477–1483. Doi: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.09-1477
  • Landqvist, N. "On the reaction between urea and formaldehyde in neutral and alkaline solutions. 6. Experimental studies of the activation energy and the heat of reaction", Acta Chem. Scand. 1956, 10, 244–248. Doi: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.10-0244
  • Landqvist, N. "On the reaction between urea and formaldehyde in neutral and alkaline solutions. 7. A spectrophotometrical method for quantitative determination of urea and methylol ureas of the reaction mixture", Acta Chem. Scand. 1957, 11, 776–779. Doi: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.11-0776
  • Landqvist, N. "On the reaction between urea and formaldehyde in neutral and alkaline solutions. 8. Studies of the reactions and equilibria at formaldehyde-urea molecular ratios in the range 1.4-2.0", Acta Chem. Scand. 1957, 11, 780–785. Doi: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.11-0780
  • Landqvist, N. "On the reaction between urea and formaldehyde in neutral and alkaline solutions. 9. The influence of methanol on the rates of reaction", Acta Chem. Scand. 1957, 11, 786–791. Doi: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.11-0786
  • Landqvist, N. "On the reaction between urea and formaldehyde in neutral and alkaline solutions. 10. Notes on the reaction mechanism", Acta Chem. Scand. 1957, 11, 792–803. Doi: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.11-0792
  • Steinhof, O.; Kibrik, É. J.; Scherr, G.; Hasse, H. "Quantitative and qualitative 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR spectroscopic investigation of the urea-formaldehyde resin synthesis", Magn. Reson. Chem. 2014, 52, 138–162. Doi: 10.1002/mrc.4044
  • Winkelman, J. G. M.; Voorwinde, O. K.; Ottens, M.; Beenackers, A. A. C. M.; Janssen, L. P. B. M. "Kinetics and chemical equilibrium of the hydration of formaldehyde", Chem. Eng. Sci. 2002, 57, 4067–4076. Doi: 10.1016/S0009-2509(02)00358-5
  • Walker, J. F. Formaldehyde; Reinhold Publishing Corp.: New York, NY, 1944.
  • Gaca, K. Z.; Parkinson, J. A.; Lue, L.; Sefcik, J. "Equilibrium Speciation in Moderately Concentrated Formaldehyde − Methanol − Water Solutions Investigated Using 13C and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2014, 53, 9262–9271. Doi: 10.1021/ie403252x
  • Wadano, M. "Über die saure Natur wäßriger Formaldehyd-Lösungen", Berichte der Dtsch. Chem. Gesellschaft 1934, 67, 191–197.
  • Gaál, F. F.; Avramović, B. D. "Determination of total free acid in formaldehyde by coulometric catalytic thermometric titration", J. Therm. Anal. 1983, 26, 285–289. Doi: 10.1007/BF01913214
  • Bowman, P. I.; Burton, J. "Stabilization of the acidity of formaldehyde solutions", US Patent 2,253,999, 1941.
  • Ott, M.; Fischer, H. H.; Maiwald, M.; Albert, K.; Hasse, H. "Kinetics of oligomerization reactions in formaldehyde solutions: NMR experiments up to 373 K and thermodynamically consistent model", Chem. Eng. Process. Process Intensif. 2005, 44, 653–660. Doi: 10.1016/j.cep.2003.07.004
  • Glutz, B. R.; Zollinger, H. "Allgemeine säure-basen-katalyse der monomethylol-bildung aus harnstoff und formaldehyd in wasser", Helv. Chim. Acta 1976, 52, 1976–1984. Doi: 10.1002/hlca.19690520722
  • Nair, B. R.; Francis, D. J. "Kinetics and mechanism of urea- formaldehyde reaction", Polymer 1983, 24, 626–630. Doi: 10.1016/0032-3861(83)90118-0
  • Lei, H.; Frazier, C. E. "Curing behavior of melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin adhesive", Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 2015, 62, 40–44. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2015.06.013
  • Glutz, B. R.; Zollinger, H. "Allgemeine säure-basen-katalyse der monomethylol-bildung aus harnstoff und formaldehyd in wasser", Helv. Chim. Acta 1969, 52, 1976–1984. Doi: 10.1002/hlca.19690520722
  • Li, T. H.; Wang, C. M.; Xie, X. G.; Du, G. Ben. "A computational exploration of the mechanisms for the acid-catalytic urea-formaldehyde reaction: New insight into the old topic", J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2012, 25, 118–125. Doi: 10.1002/poc.1880
  • Chuang, I.-S.; Maciel, G. E. "13C CP/MAS NMR study of the structural dependence of urea-formaldehyde resins on formaldehyde-to-urea molar ratios at different urea concentrations and pH values", Macromolecules 1992, 25, 3204–3226. Doi: 10.1021/ma00038a029
  • Ferra, J. M. M.; Mendes, A. M.; Costa, M. R. N.;Carvalho, L. H.; Magalhães, F. D. "A study on the colloidal nature of urea-formaldehyde resins and its relation with adhesive performance", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2010, 118, 1956–1968. Doi: 10.1002/app.31112
  • Despres, A.; Pizzi, A. "Colloidal aggregation of aminoplastic polycondensation resins: Urea-formaldehyde versus melamine-formaldehyde and melamine-urea-formaldehyde resins", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2006, 100, 1406–1412. Doi: 10.1002/app.23230
  • Dunker, A. K.; John, W. E.; Rammon, R.; Farmer, B.; Johns, S. J. "Slightly bizarre protein chemistry: Urea-formaldehyde resin from a biochemical perspective", J. Adhes. 1986, 19, 153–176. Doi: 10.1080/00218468608071219
  • Motter, W. K. "The formation of the colloidal phase in low mole ratio urea-formaldehyde resins", Washington State University, 1990.
  • Pratt, T. J.; Johns, W. E.; Rammon, R. M.;Plagemann, W. L. "A novel concept on the structure of cured urea-formaldehyde resin", J. Adhes. 1985, 17, 275–295. Doi: 10.1080/00218468508081165
  • Mehdiabadi, S.; Nehzat, M. S.; Bagheri, R. "Correlating viscosity in urea-formaldehyde polymerization", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1998, 69, 631–636. Doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19980725)69:4%3c631::AID-APP1%3e3.0.CO;2-K
  • Gray, A.; Egan, S.; Bakalis, S.; Zhang, Z. "Determination of microcapsule physicochemical, structural, and mechanical properties", Particuology 2016, 24, 32–43. Doi: 10.1016/j.partic.2015.06.002
  • Bao, L.; Zhang, F.; Chen, T.; Cao, J.; Chen, Y.; Bai, Y. "Novel submicron poly(urea-formaldehyde) and essence of jasmine microcapsules with enhanced sustained release", Flavour Fragr. J. 2015, 30, 459–466. Doi: 10.1002/ffj.3263
  • Silva, A. F. T.; Burggraeve, A.; Denon, Q.; Van Der Meeren, P.; Sandler, N.; Van Den Kerkhof, T.; Hellings, M.; Vervaet, C.; Remon, J. P.;Lopes, J. A.; De Beer, T. "Particle sizing measurements in pharmaceutical applications: Comparison of in-process methods versus off-line methods", Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2013, 85, 1006–1018. Doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.03.032
  • Treffer, D.; Wahl, P. R.; Hörmann, T. R.; Markl, D.; Schrank, S.; Jones, I.; Cruise, P.; Mürb, R. K.; Koscher, G.; Roblegg, E.; Khinast, J. G. "In-line implementation of an image-based particle size measurement tool to monitor hot-melt extruded pellets", Int. J. Pharm. 2014, 466, 181–189. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.022
  • Chuanjie, F.; Juntao, T.; Xiaodong, Z. "Effects of process parameters on the physical properties of poly (urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules prepared by a one-step method", Iran. Polym. J. (English Ed.) 2013, 22, 665–675. Doi: 10.1007/s13726-013-0165-z
  • Brown, E. N.; Kessler, M. R.; Sottos, N. R.;White, S. R. "In situ poly(urea-formaldehyde) microencapsulation of dicyclopentadiene", J. Microencapsulation 2003, 20, 719–730. Doi: 10.3109/02652040309178083
  • Pretzl, M.; Neubauer, M.; Tekaat, M.; Kunert, C.; Kuttner, C.; Leon, G.; Berthier, D.; Erni, P.; Ouali, L.; Fery, A. "Formation and mechanical characterization of aminoplast core/shell microcapsules", Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 4, 2940–2948. Doi: 10.1021/am300273b
  • Ambrosi, M.; Fratini, E.; Baglioni, P.; Vannucci, C.; Bartolini, A.; Pintens, A.; Smets, J. "Microcapsules for confining fluids: Prediction of shell stability from advanced SAXS investigations", J. Phys. Chem. C 2016, 120, 13514–13522. Doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b02113
  • Yuan, L.; Chen, F.; Gu, A.; Liang, G.; Lin, C.; Huang, S.; Nutt, S.; Chen, G.; Gao, Y. "Synthesis of poly(urea-formaldehyde) encapsulated dibutyltin dilaurate through the self-catalysis of core materials", Polym. Bull. 2014, 71, 261–273. Doi: 10.1007/s00289-013-1059-0
  • Lebedeva, O. V.; Kim, B. S.; Vinogradova, O. I. "Mechanical properties of polyelectrolyte-filled multilayer microcapsules studied by atomic force and confocal microscopy", Langmuir 2004, 20, 10685–10690. Doi: 10.1021/la048665s
  • Caruso, M. M.; Blaiszik, B. J.; Jin, H.; Schelkopf, S. R.; Stradley, D. S.; Sottos, N. R.; White, S. R.; Moore, J. S. "Robust, double-walled microcapsules for self-healing polymeric materials", ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2010, 2, 1195–1199. Doi: 10.1021/am100084k
  • Dubreuil, F.; Elsner, N.; Fery, A. "Elastic properties of polyelectrolyte capsules studied by atomic-force microscopy and RICM", Eur. Phys. J. 2003, 12, 215–221. Doi: 10.1140/epje/i2003-10056-0
  • Adi, S.; Adi, H.; Chan, H. K.; Young, P. M.;Traini, D.; Yang, R.; Yu, A. "Scanning white-light interferometry as a novel technique to quantify the surface roughness of micron-sized particles for inhalation", Langmuir 2008, 24, 11307–11312. Doi: 10.1021/la8016062
  • Xie, H. G.; Zheng, J. N.; Li, X. X.; Liu, X. D.; Zhu, J.; Wang, F.; Xie, W. Y.; Ma, X. J. "Effect of surface morphology and charge on the amount and conformation of fibrinogen adsorbed onto alginate/chitosan microcapsules", Langmuir 2010, 26, 5587–5594. Doi: 10.1021/la903874g
  • Kietzke, T.; Stiller, B.; Landfester, K.; Montenegro, R.; Neher, D. "Probing the local optical properties of layers prepared from polymer nanoparticles", Synth. Met. 2005, 152, 101–104. Doi: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.07.183
  • Utama, R. H.; Dulle, M.; Förster, S.; Stenzel, M. H.; Zetterlund, P. B. "SAXS analysis of shell formation during nanocapsule synthesis via inverse miniemulsion periphery RAFT polymerization", Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2015, 36, 1267–1271. Doi: 10.1002/marc.201500096
  • Lv, L.; Yang, Z.; Chen, G.; Zhu, G.; Han, N.; Schlangen, E.; Xing, F. "Synthesis and characterization of a new polymeric microcapsule and feasibility investigation in self-healing cementitious materials", Constr. Build. Mater. 2016, 105, 487–495. Doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.185
  • Barigou, M. "Particle tracking in opaque mixing systems: An overview of the capabilities of PET and PEPT", Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 2004, 82, 1258–1267. Doi: 10.1205/cerd.82.9.1258.44160
  • Zaleski, R.; Maciejewska, M.; Puzio, M. "Mechanical stability of porous copolymers by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy", J. Phys. Chem. C 2015, 119, 11636–11645. Doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b01722
  • Wang, Y.; Bai, W. Y.; Cui, Z. C. "Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study of pesticide microcapsules influenced by formaldehyde to urea ratio", Spectrosc. Lett. 2015, 48, 259–264. Doi: 10.1080/00387010.2013.874358
  • Suryanarayana, C.; Rao, K. C.; Kumar, D. "Preparation and characterization of microcapsules containing linseed oil and its use in self-healing coatings", Prog. Org. Coatings 2008, 63, 72–78. Doi: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2008.04.008
  • Zeng, F.; Polanuyer, B. "Method for measuring encapsulation efficiency for hydrophobic actives", US Patent 9,575,036, 2017.
  • Li, H.; Wang, R.; Hu, H.; Liu, W. "Surface modification of self-healing poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules using silane-coupling agent", Appl. Surf. Sci. 2008, 255, 1894–1900. Doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.06.170
  • Nguyen, L.-T. T.; Hillewaere, X. K. D.; Teixeira, R. F. a.; van den Berg, O.; Du Prez, F. E. "Efficient microencapsulation of a liquid isocyanate with in situ shell functionalization", Polym. Chem. 2015, 6, 1159–1170. Doi: 10.1039/C4PY01448K
  • Caruso, M. M.; Blaiszik, B. J.; White, S. R.;Sottos, N. R.; Moore, J. S. "Full recovery of fracture toughness using a nontoxic solvent-based self-healing system", Adv. Funct. Mater. 2008, 18, 1898–1904. Doi: 10.1002/adfm.200800300
  • Fan, C.; Tang, J.; Zhou, X. "Role of ammonium chloride in preparing poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules using one-step method", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2013, 129, 2848–2856. Doi: 10.1002/app.39008
  • Shi, H.; Liu, F.; Han, E. H. "Surface-engineered microcapsules by layer-by-layer assembling for entrapment of corrosion inhibitor", J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2015, 31, 512–516. Doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2014.10.008
  • Su, J.; Wang, L.; Ren, L. "Fabrication and thermal properties of microPCMs: Used melamine-formaldehyde resin as shell material", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2006, 101, 1522–1528. Doi: 10.1002/app.23151
  • Li, B.; Dong, G.; Zhang, C. "Storage stability and solubility of poly(urea- formaldehyde) microcapsules containing a-olefin drag reducing polymer", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2011, 122, 1450–1456. Doi: 10.1002/app.34272
  • Zhang, X. X.; Tao, X. M.; Yick, K. L.; Fan, Y. F. "Expansion space and thermal stability of microencapsulated n-octadecane", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2005, 97, 390–396. Doi: 10.1002/app.21760
  • Wang, R.; Li, H.; Hu, H.; He, X.; Liu, W. "Preparation and characterization of self-healing microcapsules with poly(urea-formaldehyde) grafted epoxy functional group shell", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2009, 113, 1501–1506. Doi: 10.1002/app.30001
  • Neubauer, M. P.; Poehlmann, M.; Fery, A. "Microcapsule mechanics: From stability to function", Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2014, 207, 65–80. Doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.11.016
  • Mercadé-Prieto, R.; Allen, R.; Zhang, Z.; York, D.; Preece, J. A.; Goodwin, T. E. "Failure of elastic-plastic core-shell microcapsules under compression", AIChE J. 2012, 58, 2674–2681. Doi: 10.1002/aic.12804
  • Erkan, G.; Sariişik, M.; Pazarlioğlu, N. K. "The microencapsulation of terbinafine via in situ polymerization of melamine-formaldehyde and their application to cotton fabric", Polym. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2010, 118, 3707–3714. Doi: 10.1002/app.32525
  • Feng, C.; Zhang, C.; Kong, F.; Wang, J. "Synthesis of thiodiazole copper microcapsules and release behavior of inhibiting R. solanacearum", RSC Adv. 2014, 4, 4478–4486. Doi: 10.1039/C3RA45744C
  • Noh, H. H.; Lee, J. K. "Microencapsulation of self-healing agents containing a fluorescent dye", Express Polym. Lett. 2013, 7, 88–94. Doi: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2013.8
  • Mercadé-Prieto, R.; Pan, X.; Fernández-González, A.; Zhang, Z.; Bakalis, S. "Quantification of microcapsules deposited in cotton fabrics before and after abrasion using fluorescence microscopy", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2012, 51, 16741–16749. Doi: 10.1021/ie3023912
  • Long, Y.; Vincent, B.; York, D.; Zhang, Z.; Preece, J. A. "Organic–inorganic double shell composite microcapsules", Chem. Commun. 2010, 46, 1718. Doi: 10.1039/b911266a
  • Igari, Y.; Hori, Y.; Okamoto, T. "Microcapsule and process for production thereof", US Patent 6,486,099, 2002.
  • Sansukcharearnpon, A.; Wanichwecharungruang, S.; Leepipatpaiboon, N.; Kerdcharoen, T.; Arayachukeat, S. "High loading fragrance encapsulation based on a polymer-blend: Preparation and release behavior", Int. J. Pharm. 2010, 391, 267–273. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.02.020
  • Zhang, D. X.; Li, B. X.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Z. Q.; Wang, W. C.; Liu, F. "Phoxim microcapsules prepared with polyurea and urea-formaldehyde resins differ in photostability and insecticidal activity", J. Agric. Food Chem. 2016, 64, 2841–2846. Doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00231
  • Mercadé-Prieto, R.; Allen, R.; York, D.; Preece, J. A.; Goodwin, T. E.; Zhang, Z. "Determination of the shell permeability of microcapsules with a core of oil-based active ingredient", J. Microencapsulation 2012, 29, 463–474. Doi: 10.3109/02652048.2012.658444
  • Charbonneau, J. W.; Law, R. S.; Ludwig, W. J.;Otteson, W. O. "Pressure-sensitive making materials", US Patent 4,201,404, 1980.
  • Park, S.-J.; Shin, Y.-S.; Lee, J.-R. "Preparation and characterization of microcapsules containing lemon oil", J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2001, 241, 502–508. Doi: 10.1006/jcis.2001.7727
  • Petrovic, L. B.; Sovilj, V. J.; Katona, J. M.;Milanovic, J. L. "Influence of polymer-surfactant interactions on o/w emulsion properties and microcapsule formation", J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2010, 342, 333–339. Doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.10.077
  • Wu, K.; Wang, Z.; Hu, Y. "Microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with urea–melamine–formaldehyde shell: Preparation, characterization, and its flame retardance in polypropylene", Polym. Adv. Technol. 2008, 19, 1118–1128. Doi: 10.1002/pat.1095
  • Shin, Y.; Yoo, D. I.; Son, K. "Development of thermoregulating textile materials with microencapsulated phase change materials (PCM). II. Preparation and application of PCM microcapsules", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2005, 96, 2005–2010. Doi: 10.1002/app.21438
  • Wang, Y. T.; Zhao, X. P.; Wang, D. W. "Electrophoretic ink using urea-formaldehyde microspheres", J. Microencapsulation 2006, 23, 762–768. Doi: 10.1080/02652040600788197
  • Morishita, S.; Matsushita, T. "Heat-sensitive recording sheet", US Patent 4,520,376, 1985.
  • Yuan, L.; Gu, A.; Liang, G. "Preparation and properties of poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules filled with epoxy resins", Mater. Chem. Phys. 2008, 110, 417–425. Doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.02.035
  • Marathe, R. J.; Chaudhari, A. B.; Hedaoo, R. K.;Sohn, D.; Chaudhari, V. R.; Gite, V. V. "Urea formaldehyde (UF) microcapsules loaded with corrosion inhibitor for enhancing the anti-corrosive properties of acrylic-based multifunctional PU coatings", RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 15539–15546. Doi: 10.1039/C4RA16327C
  • Li, X. X.; Zhang, B.; Feng, Y. Q.; Li, X. G.;Wen, Z. Q. "Synthesis and characterisation of urea-formaldehyde microcapsules containing electrophoretic fluid with red-white particles", Mater. Res. Innov. 2012, 16, 261–266. Doi: 10.1179/1433075X11Y.0000000062
  • Qin, R.; Xu, G.; Guo, L.; Jiang, Y.; Ding, R. "Preparation and characterization of a novel poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules with similar reflectance spectrum to leaves in the UV-Vis-NIR region of 300-2500 nm", Mater. Chem. Phys. 2012, 136, 737–743. Doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2012.07.050
  • Fan, C.; Zhou, X. "Influence of operating conditions on the surface morphology of microcapsules prepared by in situ polymerization", Colloids Surf. A 2010, 363, 49–55. Doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.04.012
  • Hildebrand, J. H.; Scott, R. L. The Solubility of Nonelectrolytes; Reinhold: New York, 1950.
  • Hansen, C. M. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook; CRC Press: Boca Raton, 2000.
  • Stöver, H. D. H.; Li, W.-H.; Croll, L. M. "Method of encapsulating hydrophobic organic molecules in polyurea capsules", US Patent 0271735, 2005.
  • Hofmeister, I.; Landfester, K.; Taden, A. "Controlled formation of polymer nanocapsules with high diffusion-barrier properties and prediction of encapsulation efficiency", Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 327–330. Doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.04.012
  • Latnikova, A.; Grigoriev, D.; Möhwald, H.; Shchukin, D. "Microgel containers for self-healing polymeric materials: Morphology prediction and mechanism of formation", Polymer 2015, 73, 183–194. Doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.07.048
  • Dietrich, K.; Bonatz, E.; Nastke, R.; Herma, H.; Walter, M.; Teige, W. "Amino resin microcapsules iv. Surface tension of the resins and mechanism of capsule formation", Acta Polym. 1990, 41, 91–94. Doi: 10.1002/actp.1990.010410205
  • Fan, C.; Zhou, X. "Effect of emulsifier on poly(urea-formaldehyde) microencapsulation of tetrachloroethylene", Polym. Bull. 2011, 67, 15–27. Doi: 10.1007/s00289-010-0355-1
  • Tang, J.; Fan, C.; Lin, Q.; Zhou, X. "Smooth, stable and optically transparent microcapsules prepared by one-step method using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as protective colloid", Colloids Surf. A 2014, 459, 65–73. Doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.06.044
  • Chuanjie, F.; Xiaodong, Z. "Preparation and barrier properties of the microcapsules added nanoclays in the wall", Polym. Adv. Technol. 2009, 20, 934–939. Doi: 10.1002/pat.1342
  • Lee, H. Y.; Lee, S. J.; Cheong, I. W.; Kim, J. H. "Microencapsulation of fragrant oil via in situ polymerization: Effects of pH and melamine-formaldehyde molar ratio", J. Microencapsulation 2002, 19, 559–569. Doi: 10.1080/02652040210140472
  • Sgraja, M.; Blömer, J.; Bertling, J.; Jansens, P. J. "In situ encapsulation of tetradecene droplets in oil-in-water emulsions using amino resins", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2008, 110, 2366–2373. Doi: 10.1002/app.28329
  • Rochmadi, A. P.; Hasokowati, W. "Mechanism of microencapsulation with urea-formaldehyde polymer", Am. J. Appl. Sci. 2010, 7, 739–745. Doi: 10.3844/ajassp.2010.739.745
  • Hwang, J.-S.; Kim, J.-N.; Wee, Y.-J.; Jang, H.-G.; Kim, S.-H.; Ryu, H.-W. "Factors affecting the characteristics of melamine resin microcapsules containing frangran oils", Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng. 2006, 11, 391–395. Doi: 10.1007/BF02932304
  • Sanghvi, S. P.; Nairn, J. G. "Effect of viscosity and interfacial tension on particle size of cellulose acetate trimellitate microspheres.", J. Microencapsulation 1992, 9, 215–227. Doi: 10.3109/02652049109021238
  • Wang, J.; Zhao, X.; Guo, H.; Zheng, Q. "Preparation of microcapsules containing two-phase core materials", Langmuir 2004, 20, 10845–10850. Doi: 10.1021/la0490902
  • Landfester, K.; Bechthold, N.; Tiarks, F.; Antonietti, M. "Formulation and stability mechanisms of polymerizable miniemulsions", Macromolecules 1999, 32, 5222–5228. Doi: 10.1021/ma990299C
  • Torza, S.; Mason, S. G. "Three-phase interactions in shear and electrical fields", J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1970, 33, 67–83. Doi: 10.1016/0021-9797(70)90073-1
  • Feast, W. J., Munro, H. S., Richards, R. W., Eds. Polymer surfaces and interfaces II; Wiley: New York, NY, 1993.
  • Thomasin, C.; Nam-Trân, H.; Merkle, H. P.;Gander, B. "Drug microencapsulation by PLA/PLGA coacervation in the light of thermodynamics. 1. Overview and theoretical considerations", J. Pharm. Sci. 1998, 87, 259–268. Doi: 10.1021/js970047r
  • Guo, H. L.; Zhao, X. P.; Wang, J. P. "The relation between narrow-dispersed microcapsules and surfactants.", J. Microencapsulation 2005, 22, 853–862. Doi: 10.1080/02652040500175198
  • Salaün, F.; Devaux, E.; Bourbigot, S.; Rumeau, P. "Influence of process parameters on microcapsules loaded with n-hexadecane prepared by in situ polymerization", Chem. Eng. J. 2009, 155, 457–465. Doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2009.07.018
  • Griffin, W. C. "Classification of surface-active agents by “HLB”", J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 1949, 1, 311–326.
  • Griffin, W. C. "Calculation of HLB values of non-ionic surfactants", J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 1954, 5, 249–256.
  • Davies, J. T. "A quantitative kinetic theory of emulsion type. I. Physical chemistry of the emulsifying agent", In Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress of Surface Activitiy; Chulman, J. H. S., Ed.; Butterworths: London, 1957; pp 426–438.
  • ICI Americas. The HLB System: A time saving guide to emulsifier selection; Wilmington, 1980.
  • Pasquali, R. C.; Taurozzi, M. P.; Bregni, C. "Some considerations about the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance system", Int. J. Pharm. 2008, 356, 44–51. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.12.034
  • Golden, R. "Process for production of encapsulated water-dispersible materials", US Patent 4,157,983, 1973.
  • Yin, D.; Ma, L.; Geng, W.; Zhang, B.; Zhang, Q. "Microencapsulation of n-hexadecanol by in situ polymerization of melamine–formaldehyde resin in emulsion stabilized by styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer", Int. J. Energy Res. 2015, 39, 661–667. Doi: 10.1002/er.3276
  • Holtzscherer, C.; Candau, F. "Application of the cohesive energy ratio concept (CER) to the formation of polymerizable microemulsions", Colloids and Surfaces 1988, 29, 411–423. Doi: 10.1016/0166-6622(88)80151-3
  • Little, R. C. "Correlation of surfactant hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) with solubility parameter", J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1978, 65, 587–588. Doi: 10.1016/0021-9797(78)90116-9
  • Beerbower, A.; Hill, M. W. "Application of cohesive energy ratio (CER) concept to anionic surfactants", Am. Cosmet. Perfum 1972, 87, 85.
  • Winsor, P. A. Solvent Properties of Amphiphilic Compounds; Butterworths: London, 1954.
  • Hoshi, Y.; Matsukawa, H. "Process for preparing microcapsules by polymerization of urea and formaldehyde in the presence of gum arabic", US Patent 4,221,710, 1980.
  • Foris, P. L.; Brown, R. W.; Phillips, P. S. J. "Capsule manufacture", US Patent 4,001,140, 1977.
  • Foris, P. L.; Brown, R. W.; Phillips, P. S. J. "Capsule manufacture", US Patent 4,100,103, 1978.
  • Fuchigami, M. "Micro-capsules and method for their production", US Patent 4,223,178, 1980.
  • Saeki, K.; Matsukawa, H.; Satomura, M. "Method for preparing microcapsules", US Patent 4,251,386, 1981.
  • Hoshi, Y.; Matsukawa, H. "Process for the production of microcapsules", US Patent 4,353,809, 1982.
  • Schibler, L. "Process for the encapsulation of dispersible materials", US Patent 3,594,328, 1971.
  • Yoshizawa, H.; Kamio, E.; Hirabayashi, N.; Jacobson, J.; Kitamura, Y. "Membrane formation mechanism of cross-linked polyurea microcapsules by phase separation method", J. Microencapsulation 2004, 21, 241–249. Doi: 10.1080/02652040410001673946
  • Yoshizawa, H.; Kamio, E.; Kobayashi, E.; Jacobson, J.; Kitamura, Y. "Investigation of alternative compounds to poly(E-MA) as a polymeric surfactant for preparation of microcapsules by phase separation method", J. Microencapsulation 2007, 24, 349–357. Doi: 10.1080/02652040601162699
  • Fereidoon, A.; Ghorbanzadeh Ahangari, M.; Jahanshahi, M. "Effect of nanoparticles on the morphology and thermal properties of self-healing poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules", J. Polym. Res. 2013, 20, 1–8. Doi: 10.1007/s10965-013-0151-3
  • Song, Q.; Li, Y.; Xing, J.; Hu, J. Y.; Marcus, Y. "Thermal stability of composite phase change material microcapsules incorporated with silver nano-particles", Polymer 2007, 48, 3317–3323. Doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.03.045
  • Niu, X.-W.; Sun, Y.-M.; Ding, S.-N.; Chen, C.-C.; Song, B.; Xu, H.-B.; Qi, Z.-J.; Qi, Q. "Synthesis of enhanced urea-formaldehyde resin microcapsules doped with nanotitania", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2011, 124, 248–256. Doi: 10.1002/app.34099
  • Ghorbanzadeh Ahangari, M.; Fereidoon, A.; Jahanshahi, M.; Sharifi, N. "Effect of nanoparticles on the micromechanical and surface properties of poly(urea-formaldehyde) composite microcapsules", Compos. Part B Eng. 2014, 56, 450–455. Doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.08.071
  • Huang, Y.; Xuan, Y. M.; Li, Q.; Che, J. F. "Preparation and characterization of magnetic phase-change microcapsules", Chinese Sci. Bull. 2009, 54, 318–323.
  • Hayford, D. E. "Capsule manufacture", US Patent 4,444,699, 1984.
  • Richmond, H. H.; Myers, G. S.; Wright, G. F. "The reaction between formaldehyde and ammonia", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 3659–3664. Doi: 10.1021/ja01191a034
  • Scopelitis, E.; Pizzi, A. "Urea-resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesives of low resorcinol content", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1993, 48, 2135–2146. Doi: 10.1002/app.1993.070481208
  • Huang, Z.; Yu, X.; Li, W.; Liu, S. "Preparation of urea-formaldehyde paraffin microcapsules modified by carboxymethyl cellulose as a potential phase change material", J. For. Res. 2015, 26, 253–260. Doi: 10.1007/s11676-015-0027-y
  • Blaiszik, B. J.; Sottos, N. R.; White, S. R. "Nanocapsules for self-healing materials", Compos. Sci. Technol. 2008, 68, 978–986. Doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.07.021
  • IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans; Lyon, 2006; Vol. 88.
  • Smets, J.; Dihora, J. O.; Pintens, A.; Guinebretiere, S. J.; Druckrey, A. K.; Sands, P. D.; Yan, N. "Benefit agent containing delivery particle", US Patent 8,551,935, 2013.
  • Boran, S.; Usta, M.; Gümüşkaya, E. "Decreasing formaldehyde emission from medium density fiberboard panels produced by adding different amine compounds to urea formaldehyde resin", Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 2011, 31, 674–678. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2011.06.011
  • Costa, N. A.; Pereira, J.; Ferra, J.; Cruz, P.; Martins, J.; Magalhaes, F. D.; Mendes, A.; Carvalho, L. H. "Scavengers for achieving zero formaldehyde emission of wood-based panels", Wood Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 1261–1272. Doi: 10.1007/s00226-013-0573-4
  • Braeckman, K. G.; Depoot, K. J. M.; Van Pachtenbeke, T. R. M.; Smets, J. "Composition comprising microcapsules", US Patent 0235525, 2014.
  • Calabrese, R. V.; Chang, T. P. K.; Dang, P. T. "Drop breakup in turbulent stirred tank contactors. Part I: Effect of dispersed phase viscosity", AIChE J. 1986, 32, 657–666. Doi: 10.1002/aic.690320416
  • Kolmogorov, A. N. "The local structure of turbulence in incompressible viscous fluid for very large Reynolds numbers", Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 1941, 30, 301.
  • Sprow, F. B. "Distribution of drop sizes produced in turbulent liquid—liquid dispersion", Chem. Eng. Sci. 1967, 22, 435–442. Doi: 10.1016/0009-2509(67)80130-1
  • Armenante, P. M.; Kirwan, D. J. "Mass transfer to microparticles in agitated systems", Chem. Eng. Sci. 1989, 44, 2781–2796. Doi: 10.1016/0009-2509(89)85088-2
  • Dobetti, L.; Pantaleo, V. "Application of a hydrodynamic model to microencapsulation by coacervation", J. Microencapsulation 2002, 19, 139–151. Doi: 10.1080/02652040110055199
  • Furukawa, H.; Kato, Y.; Inoue, Y.; Kato, T.; Tada, Y.; Hashimoto, S. "Correlation of power consumption for several kinds of mixing impellers", Int. J. Chem. Eng. 2012, 2012, 106496. Doi: 10.1155/2012/106496
  • Zhang, X. X.; Fan, Y. F.; Tao, X. M.; Yick, K. L. "Fabrication and properties of microcapsules and nanocapsules containing n-octadecane", Mater. Chem. Phys. 2004, 88, 300–307. Doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2004.06.043
  • Nesterova, T.; Dam-Johansen, K.; Pedersen, L. T.; Kiil, S. "Microcapsule-based self-healing anticorrosive coatings: Capsule size, coating formulation, and exposure testing", Prog. Org. Coatings 2012, 75, 309–318. Doi: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2012.08.002
  • Dietrich, K.; Bonatz, E.; Geistlinger, H.; Herma, H.; Nastke, R.; Purz, H.-J.; Schlawne, M.; Teige, W. "Amino resin microcapsules. II. Preparation and morphology", Acta Polym. 1989, 40, 325–331. Doi: 10.1002/actp.1989.010400507
  • Su, J.-F.; Huang, Z.; Ren, L. "High compact melamine-formaldehyde microPCMs containing n-octadecane fabricated by a two-step coacervation method", Colloid Polym. Sci. 2007, 285, 1581–1591. Doi: 10.1007/s00396-007-1729-2
  • Iwasaki, H.; Irii, S. "Microcapsules, method for their production and pressure sensitive copying sheet", US Patent 4,413,843, 1983.
  • Zhao, C. Y.; Zhang, G. H. "Review on microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCMs): Fabrication, characterization and applications", Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2011, 15, 3813–3832. Doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.019
  • Song, J. K.; Choi, H. J.; Chin, I. "Preparation and properties of electrophoretic microcapsules for electronic paper", J. Microencapsulation 2007, 24, 11–19. Doi: 10.1080/02652040601058384
  • Wei, J.; Ju, X. J.; Zou, X. Y.; Xie, R.; Wang, W.; Liu, Y. M.; Chu, L. Y. "Multi-stimuli-responsive microcapsules for adjustable controlled-release", Adv. Funct. Mater. 2014, 24, 3312–3323. Doi: 10.1002/adfm.201303844
  • Fu, D.; Su, Y.; Xie, B.; Liu, G.; Li, Z.; Jiang, K.; Wang, D. "Pore decoration on microcapsule surface using nonionic surfactant micelles as template: Temperature effect and encapsulation mechanism investigation", Colloids Surf. A 2011, 384, 219–227. Doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.03.054
  • Kulkarni, A. R.; Soppimath, K. S.; Aminabhavi, T. M. "Urea-formaldehyde nanocapsules for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium", J. Microencapsulation 2000, 17, 449–458. Doi: 10.1080/026520400405705
  • Blaiszik, B. J.; Kramer, S. L. B.; Olugebefola, S. C.; Moore, J. S.; Sottos, N. R.; White, S. R. "Self-healing polymers and composites", Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 2010, 40, 179–211. Doi: 10.1146/annurev-matsci-070909-104532
  • Li, G.; Feng, Y.; Gao, P.; Li, X. "Preparation of mono-dispersed polyurea-urea formaldehyde double layered microcapsules", Polym. Bull. 2008, 60, 725–731. Doi: 10.1007/s00289-008-0894-x
  • Mookhoek, S. D.; Blaiszik, B. J.; Fischer, H. R.; Sottos, N. R.; White, S. R.; Van Der Zwaag, S. "Peripherally decorated binary microcapsules containing two liquids", J. Mater. Chem. 2008, 18, 5390–5394. Doi: 10.1039/b810542a
  • Zhang, B.; Zhang, T.; Wang, Q.; Ren, T. "Microorganism-based monodisperse microcapsules: Encapsulation of the fungicide tebuconazole and its controlled release properties", RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 25164–25170. Doi: 10.1039/C5RA01629K
  • Mark, J. E., Ed. Physical Properties of Polymers Handbook, 2nd Ed.; Springer Science and Business: New York, NY, 2007.
  • Li, T. H.; Wang, C. M.; Xie, X. G.; Du, G. Ben. "A computational exploration of the mechanisms for the acid-catalytic urea-formaldehyde reaction: New insight into the old topic", J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2012, 25, 118–125. Doi: 10.1002/poc.1880
  • Ghosh, S. K. "Functional coatings and microencapsulation: A general perspective", In Functional Coatings; Ghosh, S. K., Ed.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2006; pp 1–28. Doi: 10.1002/3527608478.ch1
  • Jyothi, N. V. N.; Prasanna, P. M.; Sakarkar, S. N.; Prabha, K. S.; Ramaiah, P. S.; Srawan, G. Y. "Microencapsulation techniques, factors influencing encapsulation efficiency", J. Microencapsulation 2010, 27, 187–197. Doi: 10.3109/02652040903131301

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.