Temporal transaction patterns in an open-air cannabis market

References

• Bech-Hansen, H. (2003). Notat om den politimæssige indsats på Christiania [ Memorandum on Policing in Christiania]. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Police.
   Google Scholar
• Bouchard, M. (2007). A capture–recapture model to estimate the size of criminal populations and the risks of detection in a marijuana cultivation industry. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 23, 221–241. doi:10.1007/s10940-007-9027-110.1007/s10940-007-9027-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brantingham, P. L., & Brantingham, P. J. (1993). Environment, routine and situation: Toward a pattern theory of crime. In R. V. Clarke, & M. Felson (Eds.), Routine activity and rational choice advances in criminological theory, Vol. 5, pp. 259–294). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brantingham, P. L., & Brantingham, P. J. (1995). Criminality of place – Crime generators and crime attractors. European Journal of Criminal Policy and Research, 3, 5–26. doi:10.1007/BF0224292510.1007/BF02242925
   Google Scholar
• Bushway, S., & Reuter, P. (2011). Deterrence, economics, and the context of drug markets. Criminology & Public Policy, 10, 183–194. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00699.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caulkins, J., & Pacula, R. L. (2006). Marijuana markets: Inferences from reports by the household population. Journal of Drug Issues, 36, 173–200. doi:10.1177/00220426060360010810.1177/002204260603600108
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clements, K. (2004). Three facts about marijuana prices. The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 48, 271–300. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8489.2004.00242.x10.1111/ajar.2004.48.issue-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review, 44, 588–608. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/209458910.2307/2094589
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coomber, R., & Turnbull, P. (2007). Arenas of drug transactions: Adolescent cannabis transactions in England – Social supply. Journal of Drug Issues, 37, 845–865. doi:10.1177/00220426070370040610.1177/002204260703700406
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Copenhagen Police. (2005). Virksomhedsberetning [Annual Report]. Copenhagen: Københavns Politi.
   Google Scholar
• Cornish, D., & Clarke, R. (1987). Understanding crime displacement: An application of rational choice theory. Criminology, 25, 933–948. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1987.tb00826.x10.1111/crim.1987.25.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorn, N., & South, N. (1990). Drug markets and law enforcement. British Journal of Criminology, 30, 171–188. Retrieved from http://bjc.oxfordjournals.org/content/30/2/171.short
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dürr, T. (2004). Endelig analyse af den samlede mængde [ Final analysis of aggregate amount] (Unpublished report). Copenhagen: Copenhagen Police.
   Google Scholar
• Dwyer, R., & Moore, D. (2010). Understanding illicit drug markets in Australia: Notes towards a critical reconceptualization. British Journal of Criminology, 50, 82–101. doi:10.1093/bjc/azp06510.1093/bjc/azp065
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eck, J. E. (1995). A General model of the geography of illicit retail marketplaces. In J. Eck, & D. D. Weisburd (Eds.), Crime and place (pp. 67–93). Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.
   Google Scholar
• Edmunds, S., Hough, M., & Urquía, N. (1996). Tackling local drug markets. (Crime Detection and Prevention Series, Paper 80). London: Home Office Police Research Group. Retrieved from http://tna.europarchive.org/20100413151441/, http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/prgpdfs/fcdps80.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Felson, M., & Poulsen, E. (2003). Simple indicators of crime by time of day. International Journal of Forecasting, 19, 595–601. doi:10.1016/S0169-2070(03)00093-110.1016/S0169-2070(03)00093-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin, M. L., & Rodriguez, N. (2011). The gendered nature of drug acquisition behavior within marijuana and crack drug markets. Crime & Delinquency, 57, 408–431. doi:10.1177/0011128708327955
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groff, E. R. (2008). Adding the temporal and spatial aspects of routine activities: A further test of routine activity theory. Security Journal, 21, 95–116. doi:10.1057/palgrave.sj.835007010.1057/palgrave.sj.8350070
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison, L. D., Erickson, P. G., Korf, D. J., Brocju, S., & Benschop, A. (2007). How much for a dime bag? An exploration of youth drug markets. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 90, S27–S39. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.09.00910.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.09.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawley, A. (1950). Human ecology: A theory of community dictators. New York, NY: Ronald Press.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, B. D., & Golub, A. (2007). The potential for accurately measuring behavioral and economic dimensions of consumption, prices, and markets for illegal drugs. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 90, S16–S26. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.08.00510.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.08.005
   Google Scholar
• Kleiman, M., & Smith, K. (1990). State and local drug enforcement: In search of a strategy. In M. Tomry, & J. Wilson (Eds.), Drugs and Crime (pp. 69–108). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Moeller, K. (2009). Police crackdown on Christiania in Copenhagen. Crime, Law and Social Change, 52, 337–345. doi:10.1007/s10611-008-9185-610.1007/s10611-008-9185-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moeller, K. (2012). Costs and revenues in street-level cannabis dealing. Trends in Organized Crime, 15, 31–46. doi:10.1007/s12117-011-9146-910.1007/s12117-011-9146-9
   Google Scholar
• Moeller, K., & Pedersen, M. (2014). Cannabis retail purchases in a low-risk market: Purchase size and sex of buyers. Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 31, 161–174. doi: 10.2478/nsad-2014-0013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunn, S., Quinet, K., Kelley, R., & Donald, C. (2006). Interdiction day: Covert surveillance operations, drugs, and serious crime in an Inner-City neighborhood. Police Quarterly, 9, 73–99.10.1177/1098611105274467
   Google Scholar
• Pacula, R. L., & Kilmer, B. (2009). Estimating the size of the global drug market: A demand-side approach. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Technical Report.
   Google Scholar
• Pacula, R. L., Kilmer, B., Grossman, M., & Chaloupka, F. (2007). Risks and prices: The role of user sanctions in marijuana markets ( Working Paper 13415). Washington, DC: National Bureau of Economic Research.10.3386/w13415
   Google Scholar
• [Public Prosecutor] Rigsadvokaten. (1971). Circular No. 43/71 of August 16. 1971. Copenhagen: Danish Public Prosecutor.
   Google Scholar
• [Public Prosecutor] Rigsadvokaten. (2006). Cirkulære om Meddelelse om sanktionspåstande mv. i narkotikasager [ Circular on sanctions in drug cases]. Copenhagen: Danish Public Prosecutor.
   Google Scholar
• Ratcliffe, J. H. (2006). Temporal constraint theory to explain opportunity-based spatial offending patterns. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 43, 261–291. doi:10.1177/002242780628656610.1177/0022427806286566
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratcliffe, J. H. (2007). The hotspot matrix: A framework for the spatio-temporal targeting of crime reduction. Police Practice and Research: An International Journal, 5, 5–23. doi:10.1080/1561426042000191305
   Google Scholar
• Riley, J. K. (1997). Crack, powder cocaine, and heroin: Drug purchase and use patterns in six US cities (Research Report NCJ 167265). National Institute of Justice and the Office on National Drug Control Policy, US Department of Justice. Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/167265.pdf?q=crackpowder
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, J. B., & Rengert, G. F. (2006). Illegal drug markets: The geographic perspective and crime propensity. Western Criminology Review, 7, 20–32. Retrieved from http://newwcr.sonoma.edu/v07n1/20/drugmarkets.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Sandberg, S. (2013). Cannabis culture: A stable subculture in a changing world. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 13, 63–79. doi:10.1177/1748895812445620
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman, L. (1990). Police crackdowns: Initial and residual deterrence. Crime and Justice, 12, 1–48. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/114743710.1086/449163
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sifaneck, S. J., Ream, G., Johnson, B. D., & Dunlap, E. (2007). Retail marijuana purchases in designer and commercial markets in New York City: Sales units, weights, and prices per gram. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 90, S40–S51. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.09.01310.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.09.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisburd, D., & Green, L. (1995). Policing drug hot spots: The Jersey City drug market analysis experiment. Justice Quarterly, 12, 711–735. doi:10.1080/0741882950009626110.1080/07418829500096261
   Google Scholar
• Werb, D., Nosyk, B., Kerr, T., Fischer, B., Montaner, J., & Wood, E. (2012). Estimating the economic value of British Columbia’s domestic cannabis market: Implications for provincial cannabis policy. International Journal of Drug Policy, 23, 436–441. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.05.00310.1016/j.drugpo.2012.05.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar