References
- Brandl, S., & Frank, J. (1994). The relationship between evidence, detective effort, and the disposition of burglary and robbery investigations. American Journal of Police, 13(3), 149–167.
- Brandl, S., & Horvath, F. (1991). Crime-victim evaluation of police investigative performance. Journal of Criminal Justice, 19(3), 293–305.10.1016/0047-2352(91)90008-J
- Brown, K. (2001). Forensic examination of sexual assault victims. In R. Hazelwood & A. Burgess (Eds.), Practical aspects of rape investigation: A multidisciplinary approach (3rd ed., pp. 365–398). New York, NY: CRC Press.
- Bynum, T., Cordner, G., & Green, J. (1982). Victim and offender characteristics: Impact on police investigative decision-making. Criminology, 20(3), 301–318.10.1111/crim.1982.20.issue-3-4
- Campbell, R. (2012, December 3). The neurobiology of sexual assault: Implications for first responders in law enforcement, prosecution, and victim advocacy. Paper presented as part of the Research for the Real World series in Washington, DC, National Institute of Justice.
- Casey, E., Ferraro, M., & Nguyen, L. (2009). Investigation delayed is justice denied: Proposal for expediting forensic examinations of digital evidence. Journal of Forensic Science, 54(6), 1353–1364.10.1111/jfo.2009.54.issue-6
- Chaiken, J., Greenwood, P., & Petersilia, J. (1996). The criminal investigation process: A summary report. In C. Klockers & S. Mastrofski (Eds.), Thinking about police (pp. 269–295). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
- Cordner, G. (1989). Police agency size and investigative effectiveness. Journal of Criminal Justice, 17(3), 145–155.10.1016/0047-2352(89)90015-9
- Cordner, G., Green, J., & Bynum, T. (1983). The sooner the better: Some effects of police response time. In R. Bennett (Ed.), Police at work (pp. 145–164). Beverly Hills, CA: Safte.
- Corsianos, M. (2003). Discretion in detectives’ decision making and high profile cases. Police Practice & Research, 4(3), 301–314.10.1080/1561426032000113893
- Davis, R., Jensen, C., & Kitchens, K. (2011). Cold-case investigations: An analysis of current practices and factors associated with successful outcomes. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
- Dean, G., Fahsing, I., Glomseth, R., & Gottschalk, P. (2008). Capturing knowledge of police investigators: Toward a research agenda. Police Practice and Research: An International Journal, 9(4), 341–355.10.1080/15614260802354650
- Eck, J. (1983). Solving crimes: The investigation of burglary and robbery. Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum.
- Ericson, R. (1981). Making crime: A study of detective work. Toronto: Butterworth Group of Companies.
- Fallik, S. (2016). Detective effort: What contributes to arrests during retrospective criminal investigations? Policing & Society: An International Journal of Research and Policy. doi:10.1080/10439463.2016.1275625
- Fallik, S., & Wells, W. (2014). Testing previously unsubmitted sexual assault kits: What are the investigative results? Criminal Justice Policy Review, 26(6), 598–619.
- Federal Bureau of Investigation. (n.d.). Crime in the United States, 2013. Washington, DC: Department of Justice.
- Flin, R., Boon, J., Knox, A., & Bull, R. (1992). The effect of a five-month delay on children’s and adults’ eyewitness memory. British Journal of Psychology, 83(3), 323–336.10.1111/bjop.1992.83.issue-3
- Furstenburg, F., & Wellford, C. (1973). Calling the police: The evaluation of police service. Law and Society Review, 7(3), 393–406.
- Gaines, L., Lewis, B., & Swanagin, R. (1983). Case screening in criminal investigations: A case study of robberies. Police Studies, 6(2), 22–29.
- Greenberg, B., Elliott, C., Kraft, L., & Proctor, H. (1977). Felony investigation decision model: An analysis of investigative elements of information. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
- Greenberg, I., & Wasserman, R. (1979). Managing criminal investigations. Washington, DC: National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice.
- Greenwood, P. (1970). An analysis of the apprehension activities of the New York City Police Department. Washington, DC: RAND Corporation.
- Greenwood, P., Chaiken, J., & Petersilia, J. (1977). The investigation process. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
- Horney, J., & Spohn, C. (1996). The influence of blame and believability factors on the processing of simple versus aggravated rape cases. Criminology, 34(2), 135–162.10.1111/crim.1996.34.issue-2
- Horvath, F., Meesig, R., & Lee, Y. (2003). National survey of police policies and practices regarding the criminal investigation process: Twenty-five years after Rand. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
- Isaacs, H. (1967). “A study of communications, crimes and arrests in a Metropolitan Police Department,” Appendix B in The President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice. Task Force Report: Science and Technology. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office.
- Jordan, J. (2004). Beyond belief? Police, rape and women’s credibility. Criminal Justice, 4(1), 29–59.10.1177/1466802504042222
- Kerstetter, W. (1990). Gateway to justice: Police and prosecutorial response to sexual assaults against women. Criminology, 81(2), 267–313.
- Liederbach, J., Fritsch, E., & Womack, C. (2011). Detective workload and opportunities for increased productivity in criminal investigations. Police Practice and Research, 12(1), 50–65.10.1080/15614263.2010.497379
- Loftus, E. (2005). Planting misinformation in the human mind: A 30-year investigation of the malleability of memory. Learning & Memory, 12, 361–366.10.1101/lm.94705
- National Research Council. (2004). Fairness and effectiveness in policing: The evidence. Washington, DC: National Academic Press.
- Norman, J. (2016). Americans’ confidence in institutions stays low. Washington, DC: Gallup.
- Orthmann, C., & Hess, K. (2013). Criminal investigations (10th ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar.
- Pate, T., Ferrara, A., Bowers, R., & Lorence, J. (1976). Police response time: Its determinant and effects. Washington, DC: Police Foundation.
- Patterson, D., & Campbell, R. (2012). The problem of untested sexual assault kits: Why are some kits never submitted to a crime laboratory?. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(11), 2259–2275.10.1177/0886260511432155
- Peck, J. (2015). Minority perceptions of the police: A state-of-the-art review. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies, 38(1), 173–203.
- Pogrebin, M. (1976). Some observations of the detective role. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 4(3), 277–284.
- Regoeczi, W., Jarvis, J., & Riedel, M. (2008). Clearing murders: Is it about time? Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 45(2), 142–162.10.1177/0022427807313706
- Roberts, J., & Hough, M. (2005). Understanding public attitudes to criminal justice. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
- Rossmo, K. (2014). Case rethinking: A protocol for reviewing criminal investigations. Police Practice and Research: An International Journal, 17(3), 212–228.
- Simms, B., & Petersen, E. (1989). The economics of criminal investigation in a municipal police force. Journal of Criminal Justice, 17(3), 199–224.10.1016/0047-2352(89)90020-2
- Skogan, W., & Antunes, G. (1979). Information, apprehension, and deterrence: Exploring the limits of police productivity. Journal of Criminal Justice, 7(3), 217–241.10.1016/0047-2352(79)90040-0
- Spelman, W., & Brown, D. (1984). Calling the police: Citizen reporting of serious crime. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
- Spohn, C., & Tellis, K. (2012). Policing and prosecuting sexual assault in Los Angeles city and county. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
- Waegel, W. (1981). Case routinization in investigative police work. Social Problems, 28(3), 263–275.10.2307/800302
- Walker, S., & Katz, C. (2013). The police in America: An introduction (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
- Ward, R. (1971). The investigative function: Criminal investigation in the United States ( Doctoral dissertation). University of California, Berkeley.
- Wycoff, M. (2001). Investigations in the community police context. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.