Phylogeography of the African common toad, Amietophrynus regularis, based on mitochondrial DNA sequences: inferences regarding the Cape Verde population and biogeographical patterns

References

• ARNOLD, E.N., VASCONCELOS, R., HARRIS, D.J., MATEO, J.A. & CARRANZA, S. 2008 Systematics, biogeography and evolution of the endemic Hemidactylus geckos (Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonidae) of the Cape Verde Islands: based on morphology and mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Zoologica Scripta 37: 619–636.
   Google Scholar
• BOCAGE, J.V. 1896. Reptis de Algumas possessões portuguezas d’Africa que existem no Museu de Lisboa. Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes, Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa 14: 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• BROUAT, C., TATARD, C., BÂ, K., COSSON, J.F., DOBIGNY, G., FICHET-CALVET, E., GRANJON, L., LECOMPTE, E., LOISEAU, A., MOULINE, K. & DUPLANTIER, J.M. 2009. Phylogeography of the Guinea multimammate mouse (Mastomys erythro-leucus): a case study for Sahelian species in West Africa. Journal of Biogeography 36: 2237–2250.
   Google Scholar
• CLEMENT, M., POSADA, D. & CRANDALL, K.A. 2000. TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies. Molecular Ecology 9: 1657–1660.
   Google Scholar
• FELSENSTEIN, J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783–791.
   Google Scholar
• FROST, D.R., GRANT, T., FAIVOVICH, J., BAIN, R.H., HAAS, A., HADDAD, C.F.B., DE SÁ, R.O., CHANNING, A., WILKINSON, M., DONNELLAN, S.C., RAXWORTHY, C.J., CAMPBELL, J.A., BLOTTO, B.L., MOLER, P., DREWES, R.C., NUSSBAUM, R.A., LYNCH, J.D., GREEN, D.M. & WHEELER, W.C. 2006. The Amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–370.
   Google Scholar
• FROUFE, E., BRITO, J.C. & HARRIS, D.J. 2009. Phylogeography of North African Amietophrynus xeros estimated from mitochondrial DNA sequences. African Zoology 44: 208–215.
   Google Scholar
• GRAYBEAL, A. 1997. Phylogenetic relationships of bufonid frogs and tests of alternate macroevolutionary hypotheses characterizing their radiation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 119: 297–338.
   Google Scholar
• HALL, T.A. 1999. Bioedit: a user friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for 298
   Google Scholar
• Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
   Google Scholar
• HARRIS, D.J. 2001. Reevaluation of 16S ribosomal RNA variation in Bufo (Anura: Amphibia). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 19: 326–329.
   Google Scholar
• HARRIS, D.J. & PERERA, A. 2009. Phylogeography and genetic relationships of North African Bufo mauritanicus Schlegel, 1841 estimated from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Biologia 64: 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• HAZEVOET, C.J. 1995. The Birds of the Cape Verde Islands. B.O.U. Check-list no. 13. Brithish Orniltologists’ Union, Tring, U.K..
   Google Scholar
• HUELSENBECK, J.P. & RONQUIST, F. 2001. Mr. Bayes: Bayesian inference of the phylogeny. Bioinformatics 17: 754–755.
   Google Scholar
• KOCHER, T.D., THOMAS, W.K., MEYER, A., EDWARDS, S.V., PÄÄBO, S., VILLABLANCA, F.X. & WILSON, A.C. 1989. Dynamics of mitochondrial DNA evolution in animals: amplification and sequencing with conserved primers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 86: 6196–6200.
   Google Scholar
• LÓPEZ-JURADO, L.F., MATEO, J.A. & FAZERES, A.I. 2005. Chordata. In: Lista Preliminar de Espécies Silvestres de Cabo Verde. Hongos, Plantas y Animales Terrestres, (eds) M. Arechavaleta, N. Zurita, M.C. Marrero & J.L. Martín, 1st edn, p. 101. Gobierno de Canárias, Consejería de Médio Ambiente, Islas Canárias.
   Google Scholar
• PALUMBI, S., MARTIN, A., ROMANO, S., McMILLAN, W., STICK, L. & GRABOWSKI, G. 1991. The Simple Fools Guide to PCR. Version 2. Publisher, Honolulu, Hawaii.
   Google Scholar
• PAULY, G.B., HILLIS, D.M. & CANNATELLA, D.C. 2004. The history of a Nearctic colonization: molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (Bufo). Evolution 58: 2517–2535.
   Google Scholar
• PAULY, G.B., HILLIS, D.M. & CANNATELLA, D.C. 2009. Taxonomic freedom and the role of official lists of species names. Herpetologica 65:115–128.
   Google Scholar
• POSADA, D. & CRANDALL, K.A. 1998. Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14: 817–818.
   Google Scholar
• PRAMUK, J.B., HASS, C.A. & HEDGES, S.B. 2001. Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of West Indian toads (Anura: Bufonidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 20: 294–301.
   Google Scholar
• PRAMUK, J.B. 2006. Phylogeny of South American Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) inferred from combined evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 146: 407–452.
   Google Scholar
• RÖDEL, M.O., LARGEN, M., HOWELL, K., TANDY, M., SALVADOR, A., LÖTTERS, S., GENIEZ, P. 2006. Amietophrynus xeros. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2010.1. Online at: http://www.iucnredlist.org (downloaded on 13 April 2010).
   Google Scholar
• ROZAS, J., SÁNCHEZ-DELBARRIO, J.C., MESSEGUER, X. & ROZAS, R. 2003. DnaSP, DNA polymorphism analyses by the coalescent and other methods. Bioinformatics 19: 2496–2497.
   Google Scholar
• RAMBAUT, A. & DRUMMOND A.J. 2007. Tracer v1.4. Online at: http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer
   Google Scholar
• SCHLEICH, H. H. 1987. Herpetofauna Caboverdiana. Spixiana 12: 1–75.
   Google Scholar
• SCHLEICH, H.H., KÄSTLE, W. & KABISCH, K. 1996. Amphibians and Reptiles of North Africa. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• SILVA, A. 1995. Cabo Verde e a Geopolítica do Atlântico. In: História Geral de Cabo Verde: Volume II, (ed.) M.E. Santos, 1st edn, pp. 1–16. Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, Lisboa & Instituto Nacional da Cultura de Cabo Verde, Praia.
   Google Scholar
• SMITH, H.M. & CHISZAR, D. 2006. Dilemma of name recognition: Why and when to use new combinations of scientific names. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 1: 6–8.
   Google Scholar
• SWOFFORD, D.L. 2003. PAUP* ver 4.0.b10. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
   Google Scholar
• TAMURA, K., DUDLEY, J., NEI, M. & KUMAR, S. 2007. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 24: 1596–1599.
   Google Scholar
• TANDY, M., POYNTON, J., LARGEN, M., HOWELL, K., CHANNING, A., MINTER, L. & LÖTTERS, S. 2004. Amietophrynus garmani. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2010.1. Online at: http://www.iucnredlist.org (downloaded on 13 April 2010).
   Google Scholar
• TANDY, M., RÖDEL, M.O., LARGEN, M., POYNTON, J.C., LÖTTERS, S., EL DIN, S.B. & GERSON, H. 2006. Amietophrynus regularis. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2010.1. Online at: http://www.iucnredlist.org (downloaded on 13 April 2010).
   Google Scholar
• TEMPLETON, A.R., CRANDALL, K.A. & SING, C.F. 1992. A cladistic analysis of phenotypic associations with haplotypes inferred from restriction endonuclease mapping and DNA sequence data. III. Cladogram estimation. Genetics 132: 619–633.
   Google Scholar
• VAN BOCXLAER, I., BIJU, S.D., LOADER, S.P. & BOSSUYT, F. 2009. Toad radiation reveals into-India dispersal as a source of endemism in the Western Ghats – Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot. BMC Evolutionary Biology 9: 131.
   Google Scholar
• VASCONCELOS, R., ROCHA, S., BRITO, J.C., HARRIS, D.J. & CARRANZA, S. 2009. First report of introduced African rainbow Lizard Agama agama (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Cape Verde Islands. Herpetozoa 21: 183–186.
   Google Scholar