References
- Abdusyakur, I., & Poortman, C. L. (2019). Study on data use in Indonesian primary schools. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 4(3), 198–215. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-11-2018-0029
- Ahmed, A. Y. (2018). Data-based decision making in primary schools in Ethiopia. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 4(3), 232–259. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-11-2018-0031
- Al Shaye, S., & Al Dhefeiri, M. D. (2021). Readability Level of Arabic Language Textbook of the Sixth Grade in the State of Kuwait. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 11(4), 204–204. https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2021-0089
- Alig-Mielcarek, J. M. (2003). A model of school success: Instructional leadership, academic press, and student achievement. The Ohio State University.
- Alkhoja, G., S. Halabi, M. Abdullah, and F. Al-Shamali. (2014). Kuwait Education Program Achievement Report: School Education Quality Improvement Program. Washington, DC: World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/530491468090852907/ Kuwait-education-program-achievement-report-school-education-quality-improvement- program.
- Alsaleh, A. A. (2020). The influence of heads of departments’ instructional leadership, cooperation, and administrative support on school-based professional learning in Kuwait. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 1741143220953597.
- Alsaleh, A. (2014). The relationship between the perception of distributed leadership and the degree of participation in ministry decision on teachers' organizational commitment in the state of Kuwait The Pennsylvania State University.https://www.proquest.com/docview/1826352873?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true.
- Alsaleh, A. (2019). Investigating instructional leadership in Kuwait's educational reform context: school leaders’ perspectives. School Leadership & Management, 39(1), 96–120.
- Anderson, J. A. (2005). Accountability in education. Educational Policy Series No. 1. International Academy of Education. International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP).
- Bendikson, L., Robinson, V., & Hattie, J. (2012). Principal instructional leadership and secondary school performance. Set: Research Information for Teachers, 1(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.18296/set.0387
- Brien, S. O., McNamara, G., Hara, J. O., & Brown, M. (2019). Irish teachers, starting on a journey of data use for school self-evaluation. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 60, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2018.11.001
- Burney, N. A., Johnes, J., Al-Enezi, M., & Al-Musallam, M. (2013). The efficiency of public schools: The case of Kuwait. Education Economics, 21(4), 360–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/09645292.2011.595580
- Chandler, H. M. (2020). The effects of data-driven instructional leadership on student achievement [Doctoral dissertation], Liberty University. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3650&context=doctoral
- Dagnew, A. (2020). Data-based decision-making practices in secondary schools of North Gondar, Ethiopia. Global Journal of Guidance and Counseling in Schools: Current Perspectives, 10(1), 36–49.
- Datnow, A., Park, V., & Kennedy-Lewis, B. (2012). High School Teachers’ Use of Data to Inform Instruction. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 17(4), 247–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/10824669.2012.718944
- Day, C., Gu, Q., & Sammons, P. (2016). The impact of leadership on student outcomes: How successful school leaders SSE transformational and instructional strategies to make a difference. Educational Administration Quarterly, 52(2), 221–258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X15616863
- Dimmock, C., & Walker, A. (2000). Developing comparative and international educational leadership and management: A cross-cultural model. School Leadership and Management, 20(2), 143–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632430050011399
- Earl, L., & Katz, S. (2002). Leading schools in a data-rich world. In Second international handbook of educational leadership and administration (pp. 1003–1022). Springer, Dordrecht.
- Edwards, F., & Ogle, D. (2021). Data informed leadership: the work of primary mathematics lead teachers in New Zealand. Teacher Development, 25(1), 18–36.
- Hallinger, P., & Lee, M. (2014). Mapping instructional leadership in Thailand: Has education reform impacted principal practice? Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 42(1), 6–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143213502196
- Hallinger, P., & Murphy, J. (1985). Assessing the instructional leadership behavior of principals. The Elementary School Journal, 86(2), 217–247. https://doi.org/10.1086/461445
- Hallinger, P. (2003). Leading educational change: Reflections on the practice of instructional and transformational leadership. Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(3), 329–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764032000122005
- Hallinger, P. (2005). Instructional leadership and the school principal: A passing fancy that refuses to fade away. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 4(3), 221–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700760500244793
- Halverson, R., Grigg, J., Prichett, R., & Thomas, C. (2007). The new instructional leadership: Creating data-driven instructional systems in school. Journal of School Leadership, 17(2), 159–194. https://doi.org/10.1177/105268460701700202
- Harris, A., Jones, M., Cheah, K., Devadason, E., & Adams, D. (2017). Exploring principals’ instructional leadership practices in Malaysia: Insights and implications. Journal of Educational Administration, 55(2), 207–221. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-05-2016-0051
- Ingram, D., Seashore, K., Roger, L., & Schroeder, G. (2004). Accountability policies and teacher decision making: Barriers to the use of data to improve practice. Teachers College Record, 106(6), 1258–1287. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2004.00379.x
- Kalman, M., & Arslan, M. C. (2017). School principals’ evaluations of their instructional leadership behaviours: Realities vs. ideals. School Leadership and Management, 35(5), 508–530. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2016.1247049
- Kanjee, A., & Moloi, Q. (2014). South African teachers’ use of national assessment data. South African Journal of Childhood Education, 4(2), 24. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajce.v4i2.206
- Kaparou, M., & Bush, T. (2015). Instructional leadership in centralised systems: evidence from Greek high-performing secondary schools. School leadership & management, 35(3), 321–345.
- Karagiorgi, Y., Nicolaidou, M., Yiasemis, C., & Georghiades, P. (2015). Emergent data-driven approaches to school improvement: The journey of three schools through self-evaluation. Improving Schools, 18(1), 69–82.
- Kelle, U., & Erzberger, C. (2004). Qualitative and quantitative methods: Not in opposition. A companion to qualitative research, Toim. Uwe Flick–Ernst von Kardorff–Ines Steinke. 172–177.
- Lachat, M. A., & Smith, S. (2005). Practices that support data use in urban high schools. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR), 10(3), 333–349. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327671espr1003_7
- Lai, M. K., & Schildkamp, K. (2013). Data-based decision making: An overview. In K. Schildkamp & M. K. Lai (Eds.), Data-driven decision making in education: Challenges and opportunities (pp. 9–12). Springer.
- Lauri, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2005). Hoitotieteen Teorian Kehittäminen [Developing nursing theories]. Werner Söderström.
- Levin, J. A., & Datnow, A. (2012). The principal role in data-driven decision making: Using case-study data to develop multi-mediator models of educational reform. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 23(2), 179–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2011.599394
- Light, D., Wexler, D., & Heinze, J. (2004). How practitioners interpret and link data to instruction: Research findings on New York City schools’ implementation of the Grow Network. In Annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego, CA. http://www.cct.edc.org/admin/publications/speeches/Grow_AERA04_fin.pdf
- Liou, Y. H., Grigg, J., & Halverson, R. (2014). Leadership and design of data-driven professional networks in schools. International Journal of Educational Leadership and Management, 2(1), 29–73.
- Lockton, M., Weddle, H., & Datnow, A. (2020). When data don’t drive: Teacher agency in data use efforts in low-performing schools. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 31(2), 243–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2019.1647442
- Mandinach, E. B., Gummer, E. S., & Muller, R. D. (2011). The complexities of integrating data-driven decision making into professional preparation in schools of education: It’s harder than you think. In Report from an invitational meeting. Alexandria, VA: CNA Analysis & Solutions. http://www.schoolturnaroundsupport.com/sites/default/files/the_complexities_of_integrating_data-driven_decision_making_into_professional_preparation_in_schools_of_education.pdf
- Mandinach, E. B., Honey, M., & Light, D. (2006, April). A theoretical framework for data-driven decision making. In annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA.
- Mandinach, E. B., Rivas, L., Light, D., Heinze, C., & Honey, M. (2006). The impact of data-driven decision making tools on educational practice: A systems analysis of six school districts. In annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA.
- Mandinach, E. (2012). A perfect time for data use: Using data-driven decision making to inform practice. Educational Psychologist, 47(2), 71–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2012.667064
- Marsh, J. A., & Farrell, C. C. (2015). How leaders can support teachers with data-driven decision making: A framework for understanding capacity building. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 43(2), 269–289. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143214537229
- Marsh, J. A., Pane, J. F., & Hamilton, L. S. (2006). Making sense of data-driven decision making in education. RAND Corporation.
- Ministry of Education. (2016). School improvement unit. https://www.yumpu.com/xx/document/view/56459948/-28-9-2016
- Mullis, I. V. S., Martin, M. O., Foy, P. (2016).In TIMSS 2015 International Results in Mathematics. Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center: International Study Center, Boston College.http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss2015/international-results/wp-content/uploads/filebase/full%20pdfs/T15-International-Results-in-Mathematics.pdf.
- Nelson, N., & Campbell, C. (2017). Evidence-informed practice in education: Meanings and applications. Educational Research, 59(2), 127–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2017.1314115
- Park, V., & Datnow, A. (2009). Co-constructing distributed leadership: District and school connections in data-driven decision-making. School Leadership and Management, 29(5), 477–494. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632430903162541
- Roegman, R., Kenney, R., Maeda, Y., & Johns, G. (2019). When data-driven decision making becomes data-driven test taking: A case study of a midwestern high school. Educational Policy, 35(4), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904818823744
- Schildkamp, K., Ehren, M., & Lai, M. K. (2012). Editorial article for the special issue on data-based decision making around the world from policy to practice to results. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 23(2), 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2011.652122
- Schildkamp, K., & Ehren, M. (2013). From “intuition”-to “data”-based decision making in Dutch secondary schools? In K. Schildkamp, M. K. Lai., & L. Earl (Eds.), Data-based decision making in education (pp. 49–67). Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer Publishing.
- Schildkamp, K., Karbautzki, L., Breiter, A., Marciniak, M., & Ronka, D. (2012, August). The use of data across countries: Development and application of a data use framework. In IFIP Conference on Information Technology in Educational Management (pp. 27–38). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
- Schildkamp, K., Poortman, C. L., & Handelzalts, A. (2016). Data teams for school improvement. School effectiveness and school improvement, 27(2), 228–254.
- Schildkamp, K., Poortman, C., Luyten, H., & Ebbeler, J. (2017). Factors promoting and hindering data-based decision making in schools. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 28(2), 242–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2016.1256901
- Schildkamp, K., Visscher, A., & Luyten, H. (2009). The effects of the use of a school self-evaluation instrument. School effectiveness and school improvement, 20(1), 69–88.
- Simpson, G. H. (2011). School leaders’ use of data-driven decision-making for school improvement: A study of promising practices in two California charter schools [Doctoral dissertation, University of Southern California]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, https://search.proquest.com/openview/809f1cbe5c1d545fbbbfed9d5f44df08/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
- Staman, L., Visscher, A. J., & Luyten, H. (2014). The effects of professional development on the attitudes, knowledge and skills for data-driven decision making. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 42, 79–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2013.11.002
- Starkey, L., & Eppel, E. (2019). Digital data in New Zealand schools: Policy reform and school leadership. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 47(4), 640–658. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143217745881
- UNESCO. (2018). Education Statistics (EdStats). http://uis.unesco.org/en/country/kw
- Van Gasse, R., Vanlommel, K., Vanhoof, J., & Van Petegem, P. (2020). Teacher interactions in taking action upon pupil learning outcome data: A matter of attitude and self-efficacy? Teaching and Teacher Education, 89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.102989
- Van Geel, M., Keuning, T., Visscher, A. J., & Fox, J.-P. (2016). Assessing the effects of a school-wide data-based decision-making intervention on student achievement growth in primary schools. American Educational Research Journal, 53(2), 360–394. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831216637346
- van Geel, M., Keuning, T., Visscher, A., & Fox, J. P. (2019). Changes in educational leadership during a data-based decision making intervention. Leadership and policy in schools, 18(4), 628–647.
- Wayman, J. C., Cho, V., Jimerson, J. B., & Spikes, D. D. (2012). District-wide effects on data use in the classroom. Educational Policy Analysis Archives, 20(25), 25. https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v20n25.2012
- Wohlstetter, P., Datnow, A., & Park, V. (2008). Creating a system for data-driven decision-making: Applying the principal-agent framework. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 19(3), 239–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243450802246376
- World Bank. (2019). Kuwait learning poverty brief. http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/470081571223580152/MNA-MNC05-KWT-LPBRIEF.pdf
- Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications (6th ed.). Sage Publications.
- Zhang, Y., & Wildemuth, B. M. (2009). Qualitative analysis of content. In B. M. Wildemuth, (Ed.), Applications of Social Research Methods to Questions in Information and Library Science (pp. 1–12). Libraries Unlimited.