369
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Representation in the European Union: Congruence Between Citizens and Elites in the European Parliament's Two-Level Setting

&
Pages 161-179 | Published online: 17 Jun 2011

References

  • Achen , C. H. 1978 . Measuring representation . American Journal of Political Science , 22 ( 3 ) : 475 – 510 .
  • Ågren , H. , Dahlberg , M. and Mörk , E. 2006 . Do politicians' preferences correspond to those of the voters? An investigation of political representation . Public Choice , 130 : 137 – 162 .
  • Andeweg , R. 1995 . The reshaping of national party systems . West European Politics , 18 ( 3 ) : 58 – 78 .
  • Andeweg , R. and Thomassen , J. 2005 . Models of political representation: Toward a new typology . Legislative Studies Quarterly , 30 ( 4 ) : 507 – 528 .
  • Barbier , J-C. 2008 . La Longue Marche vers l'Europe Sociale , Paris : PUF .
  • Belchior , A. M. 2008 . Perspectives on MPs political representation: An assessment of post-materialist prevision .
  • Benoit , K. and Laver , M. 2006 . Party Policy in Modern Democracies , London : Routledge .
  • Benoit , K. and Laver , M. 2008 . Compared to what? A comment on ‘A Robust Transformation Procedure for Interpreting Political Text’ by Martin and Vanberg . Political Analysis , 16 ( 1 ) : 101 – 111 .
  • Blais , A. and Bodet , M. A. 2006 . Does representation foster closer congruence between citizens and policy makers . Comparative Political Studies , 39 ( 10 ) : 1243 – 1262 .
  • Blomgren , M. Representative roles and the members of the European Parliament. Paper presented at ECPR Joint Sessions Turin (22–27 March 2002) .
  • Blondel , J. , Sinott , R. and Svenson , P. 1998 . People and Parliament in the European Union: Participation, Democracy and Legitimacy , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
  • Bomberg , E. 2002 . The Europeanisation of green parties: Exploring the EU's impact . West European Politics , 25 ( 3 ) : 29 – 50 .
  • Budge , I. , Robertson , D. and Hearl , D. 1987 . Ideology, Strategy and Party Change. Spatial Analysis of Post-War Election Programmes in 19 Democracies , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Corbett , R. , Jacobs , F. and Shackleton , M. 2003 . The European Parliament , London : LinkHarper .
  • Dahl , R. 1998 . On Democracy , New Haven : Yale University Press .
  • Dalton , R. J. 1985 . Political parties and political representation: Party supporters and party elites in nine nation . Comparative Political Studies , 18 : 267 – 299 .
  • Deschouwer , K. 2003 . Political parties in multi-layered systems . European Urban and Regional Studies , 10 ( 3 ) : 213 – 226 .
  • de Vries , C. 2007 . Sleeping giant: Fact or fairytale? How European integration affects national elections . European Union Politics , 8 ( 3 ) : 363 – 385 .
  • Eurobarometer . 2004 . Die Öffentliche Meinung in der Europäische Union , Vol. No. 62 , Brussels : Commission of the European Communities) .
  • Euromanifestos Project . 2004 . Available at http://www.mzes.uni-mannheim.de/projekte/manifestos/ (accessed 24 May 2011)
  • European Election Study/EES . 2004 . Available at http://www.ees-homepage.net/ (accessed 24 May 2011)
  • Farrell , D. and Scully , R. 2007 . Representing Europe's Citizens? Electoral Institutions and the Failure of Parliamentary Representation , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Franklin , M. and Wlezien , C. 1997 . The responsive public: Issue salience, policy change, and preferences for European unification . Journal of Theoretical Politics , 9 : 347 – 363 .
  • Freire , A. and Belchior , A. 2008 . What left and right means to Portuguese citizens . Comparative European Politics , 9 : 145 – 167 .
  • Gabel , M. J. 2000 . “ Divided opinion, common currency: The political economy of public support for EMU ” . In The Political Economy of European Monetary Unification , Edited by: Eichengreen , B. and Frieden , J. 49 – 76 . Westview : Boulder .
  • Gabel , M. J. and Anderson , C. J. 2002 . The structure of citizen attitudes and the European political space . Comparative Political Studies , 35 ( 8 ) : 893 – 913 .
  • Gabel , M. J. and Hix , S. 2002 . Defining the EU political space: An empirical study of the European elections manifestos, 1979–1999 . Comparative Political Studies , 35 ( 8 ) : 934 – 994 .
  • Goetz , K. 2006 . “ Territory, Temporality and Clustered Europeanization, IHS Political Science Series, No. 109 ” . Available at: http://aei.pitt.edu/6783/1/pw_109.pdf (accessed 24 May 2011)
  • Golder , M. and Stramski , J. 2010 . Ideological congruence and electoral institutions . American Journal of Political Science , 54 : 90 – 106 .
  • Hix , S. 1999 . Dimensions and alignments in European Union politics: Cognitive constraints and partisan responses . European Journal of Political Research , 35 ( 1 ) : 69 – 106 .
  • Hix , S. 2002 . Parliamentary behavior with two principals: Preferences, parties, and voting in the European Parliament . American Journal of Political Science , 46 ( 3 ) : 688 – 698 .
  • Hix , S. , Noury , A. and Roland , G. 2005 . Power to the parties: Cohesion and competition in the European Parliament, 1979–2001 . British Journal of Political Science , 35 ( 2 ) : 209 – 234 .
  • Hix , S. , Noury , A. and Roland , G. 2006 . Dimensions of politics in the European Parliament . American Journal of Political Science , 50 ( 2 ) : 494 – 511 .
  • Hooghe , L. 2003 . Europe divided? Elites vs. public opinion on European integration . European Union Politics , 4 ( 3 ) : 281 – 304 .
  • Hooghe , L. , Marks , G. and Wilson , C. J. 2002 . Does left/right structure party positions on European integration . Comparative Political Studies , 35 ( 8 ) : 956 – 989 .
  • Huber , J. D. and Powell , G. B. Jr. 1994 . Congruence between citizens and policymakers in two visions of liberal democracy . World Politics , 46 ( 3 ) : 291 – 326 .
  • Katz , R. S. and Mair , P. 1994 . How Parties Organize: Change and Adaptation in Party Organizations in Western Democracies , London : Sage .
  • Kim , M. 2009 . Cross-national analyses of satisfaction with democracy and ideological congruence . Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties , 19 ( 1 ) : 49 – 72 .
  • Kreppel , A. and Hix , S. 2003 . From “Grand Coalition” to left-right confrontation: Explaining the shifting structure of party competition in the European Parliament . Comparative Political Studies , 36 ( 1 ) : 75 – 96 .
  • Laver , M. , Benoit , K. and Garry , J. 2003 . Extracting policy positions from political texts using words as data . American Political Science Review , 97 ( 2 ) : 311 – 331 .
  • Lefkofridi , Z. and Kritzinger , S. 2008 . Battles fought in the EP arena: Developments in National Parties' Euro-manifestos . Austrian Journal of Political Science , 37(3) : 73 – 296 .
  • Mair , P. Democracy Beyond Parties, eScholarship Repository . Irvine : Center for the Study of Democracy, University of California . Paper 05–06. Available at http://repositories.cdlib.org/csd/05-06 (accessed 24 April 2011)
  • Mair , P. 2007a . “ Political parties and party systems ” . In Europeanization: New Research Agendas , Edited by: Vink , M. and Graziano , P. 154 – 165 . Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
  • Mair , P. 2007b . Political opposition and the European Union . Government and Opposition , 42 ( 1 ) : 1 – 17 .
  • Manow , P. and Döring , H. 2007 . Electoral and mechanical causes of divided government in the European Union . Comparative Political Studies , 41 ( 10 ) : 1349 – 1370 .
  • Marks , G. and Wilson , C. 1999 . “ National parties and the contestation of Europe ” . In Legitimacy and the European Union: The Contested Polity , Edited by: Banchoff , T. and Smith , M. 113 – 133 . London : Routledge .
  • Marsh , M. and Norris , P. 1997 . Political representation in the European Parliament . European Journal of Political Research , 32 : 153 – 164 .
  • Martin , L. and Vanberg , G. 2007 . A robust transformation procedure for interpreting political texts . Political Analysis , 16 : 93 – 100 .
  • Mattila , M. 2004 . Contested decisions. Empirical analysis of voting in the council of ministers . European Journal of Political Research , 43 ( 1 ) : 29 – 50 .
  • Mattila , M. and Raunio , T. 2006 . Cautious voters and supportive parties: Opinion congruence between voters and parties on the EU dimension . European Union Politics , 7 ( 4 ) : 427 – 449 .
  • McDonald , M. D. and Budge , I. 2005 . Elections, Parties, Democracy: Conferring the Median Mandate , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • McDonald , M. D. , Mendes , S. M. and Budge , I. 2004 . What are elections for? Conferring the median mandate . British Journal of Political Science , 34 : 1 – 26 .
  • McElroy , G. 2009 . “ Intra-party politics at the transnational level: Party switching in the European Parliament ” . In Intra-Party Politics and Coalition Governments , Edited by: Giannetti , D. and Benoit , K. 205 – 225 . London : Routledge .
  • McElroy , G. and Benoit , K. 2007 . Party groups and policy positions in the European Parliament . Party Politics , 13 ( 1 ) : 5 – 28 .
  • Moravcsik , A. 2002 . In defense of the ‘Democratic Deficit’: Reassessing legitimacy in the European Union . Journal of Common Market Studies , 40 ( 4 ) : 603 – 624 .
  • Pennings , P. 2002 . The dimensionality of the EU policy space: The European elections of 1999 . European Union Politics , 3 ( 1 ) : 59 – 80 .
  • Pitkin , H. F. 1967 . The Concept of Representation , Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Pollack , J. , Batora , J. , Mokre , M. , Sigalas , E. and Slominski , E. 2009 . “ On political representation: Myths and challenges ” . In Recon WP 2009/3
  • Powell , G. B. Jr. 2000 . Elections as Instruments of Democracy. Majoritarian and Proportional Visions , New Haven/London : Yale University Press .
  • Powell , G. B. 2006 . Election laws and representative governments: Beyond voters and seats . British Journal of Political Science , 36 : 291 – 315 .
  • Powell , G. B. 2009 . The ideological congruence controversy: The impact of alternative conceptualizations and data on the effects of election rules . Comparative Political Studies , 42 : 1475 – 1497 .
  • Przeworski , A. , Stokes , S. and Manin , B. 1999 . Democracy, Accountability, and Representation , New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Raunio , T. 1997 . The European Perspective: Transnational Party Groups in the 1989–1994 European Parliament , Aldershot : Ashgate .
  • Ray , L. 1999 . Measuring party orientations towards European integration: Results from an expert survey . European Journal of Political Research , 36 ( 6 ) : 283 – 306 .
  • Reif , K. and Schmitt , H. 1980 . Nine second-order national elections – A conceptual framework for the analysis of European election results . European Journal of Political Research , 8 ( 1 ) : 3 – 44 .
  • Schmidt , V. A. 2006 . Democracy in Europe: The EU and National Polities , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Schmidt , V. A. 2009 . Re-envisioning the European Union: Identity, democracy, economy . Journal of Common Market Studies , 47 : 17 – 42 .
  • Schmitt , H. 2005 . The European Parliament elections of June 2004: Still second-order . West European Politics , 28 ( 3 ) : 650 – 679 .
  • Soroka , S. N. 2003 . Media, public opinion and foreign policy . Harvard International Journal of Press and Politics , 8 ( 1 ) : 27 – 48 .
  • Strøm , K. and Müller , W. 2009 . “ Parliamentary democracy, agency problems and party politics ” . In Intra-Party Politics and Coalition Governments , Edited by: Giannetti , D. and Benoit , K. 25 – 50 . London : Routledge .
  • Thomassen , J. and Schmitt , H. 1997 . Issue representation . European Journal of Political Research , 32 ( 2 ) : 165 – 184 .
  • van der Eijk , C. and Franklin , M. N. 1991 . European community politics and electoral representation: Evidence from the 1989 European Elections Study . European Journal of Political Research , 19 ( 1 ) : 105 – 127 .
  • Webb , P. 2002 . “ Introduction: Political parties in advanced industrial democracies ” . In Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies , Edited by: Webb , P. , Farell , D. and Holliday , I. 1 – 15 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Wessels , B. 1999 . Political representation and political integration in Europe: Is it possible to square the circle? . European Integration Online Papers , 3 ( 9 ) Available at: http://eiop.or.at/eiop/pdf/1999-009.pdf (accessed 24 May 2011)
  • Wlezien , C. and Soroka , S. 2007 . “ The relationship between public opinion and policy ” . In Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior , Edited by: Dalton , R. J. and Klingemann , H.-D. 799 – 818 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.