205
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research papers

Boltzmann–Shannon entropy and river flow stability within Upper Indus Basin in a changing climate

&
Pages 87-95 | Received 01 Mar 2014, Accepted 11 Sep 2014, Published online: 17 Oct 2014

References

  • Adam, J.C., Hamlet, A.F., Lettenmaier, D.P., 2009. Implications of global climate change for snowmelt hydrology in the twenty-first century. Hydrological Processes, 23, 962–972. doi: 10.1002/hyp.7201
  • Archer, D., 2003. Contrasting hydrological regimes in the upper Indus basin. Journal of Hydrology, 274, 198–210. doi: 10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00414-6
  • Archer, D. and Fowler, H.J., 2004. Spatial and temporal variations in precipitation in the Upper Indus Basin, global teleconnections and hydrological implications. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 8 (1), 47–61. doi: 10.5194/hess-8-47-2004
  • Archer, D.R., Forsythe, N., Fowler, H.J., and Shah, S.M., 2010. Sustainability of water resources management in the Indus Basin under changing climatic and socio economic conditions. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 14, 1669–1680. doi: 10.5194/hess-14-1669-2010
  • Asian Development Bank, 2010. Glacial melt and downstream impacts on Indus Basin – Dependent water resource and energy. Final report. Project No. RETA6420.
  • Barnett, T.P., Adam, J.C., and Lettenmaier, D.P., 2005. Potential impacts of a warming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions. Nature, 438 (17), 303–309. doi: 10.1038/nature04141
  • Barnett, T.P., et al., 2008. Human-induced changes in the hydrology of the western United States. Science, 319, 1080. doi:10.1126/science.1152538
  • Berthier, E., et al., 2007. Remote sensing estimates of glacier mass balances in the Himachal Pradesh, Western Himalaya, India. Remote Sensing of Environment, 108, 327–338. doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2006.11.017
  • Bolch, T., et al., 2012. The state and fate of Himalayan glaciers. Science, 336, 310–314. doi: 10.1126/science.1215828
  • Briscoe, J. and Qamar, U., 2005. Pakistan's Water Economy: Running Dry. World Bank Report 44375. Oxford University Press.
  • Burn, D.H., 2008. Climatic influences on streamflow timing in the headwaters of the Mackenzie River Basin. Journal of Hydrology, 352, 225–238. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.019
  • Cayan, D.R., et al., 2001. Changes in the onset of spring in the western United States. Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, 82, 399–415. doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0399:CITOOS>2.3.CO;2
  • Cook, E. R., et al., 2013. Five centuries of Upper Indus River flow from tree rings. Journal of Hydrology, 486, 365–375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.02.004 doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.02.004
  • Cover, T. and Thomas, J., 1991. Elements of Information Theory. New York: Wiley.
  • Dyurgerov, M.D. and Meier, M.F., 2005. Glaciers and changing earth system: A 2004 snapshot. Boulder, CO: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, 117p.
  • Fowler, H.J. and Archer, D.R., 2006. Conflicting signals of climate change in the Upper Indus Basin. Journal of Climate, 19, 4276–4293. doi: 10.1175/JCLI3860.1
  • Gardelle, J., Berthier, E., and Arnaud, Y., 2012. Slight mass gain of Karakoram glaciers in the early twenty-first century. Nature Geoscience, 5, 322–325. doi: 10.1038/ngeo1450
  • Gardelle, J., Berthier, E., Arnaud, Y., and Kääb, A., 2013. Region-wide glacier mass balances over the Pamir-Karakoram-Himalaya during 1999–2011. The Cryosphere, 7, 1263–1286. doi:10.5194/tc-7–1263–2013
  • Hewitt, K., 2005. The Karakoram anomaly? Glacier expansion and the ‘Elevation Effect,’ Karakoram Himalaya. Mountain Research and Development, 25, 332–340. doi: 10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0332:TKAGEA]2.0.CO;2
  • Hewitt, K., 2007. Tributary glacial surges: an exceptional concentration at Panmah Glacier, Karakoram Himalaya. Journal of Glaciology, 53, 181–188. doi: 10.3189/172756507782202829
  • Kääb, A.E., et al., 2012. Contrasting patterns of early twenty-first century glacier mass change in the Himalayas. Nature, 488 (7412), 495–498. doi: 10.1038/nature11324
  • Kehrwald, N.M., Thompson, L.G., Tandong, Y., and Thompson, E.M., 2008. Mass loss on Himalayan glacier endangers water resources. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L22503. doi 10.1029/2008GL035556 doi: 10.1029/2008GL035556
  • Krasovskaia, I., 1995. Quantification of the stability of river flow regimes. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 40 (5), 587–598. doi: 10.1080/02626669509491446
  • Kulkarni, A.V., et al., 2007. Glacial retreat in Himalaya using Indian remote sensing satellite data. Current Science, 92, 69–74.
  • Mukhopadhyay, B., 2012. Detection of dual effects of degradation of perennial snow and ice covers on the hydrologic regime of a Himalayan river basin by stream water availability modeling. Journal of Hydrology, 412–413, 14–33. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.06.005
  • Mukhopadhyay, B. and Khan, A., 2014a. A quantitative assessment of the genetic sources of the hydrologic flow regimes in Upper Indus Basin and its significance in a changing climate. Journal of Hydrology, 509, 549–572. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.11.059
  • Mukhopadhyay, B. and Khan, A., 2014b. Rising river flows and glacial stability in central Karakoram. Journal of Hydrology, 513, 192–203. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.03.042
  • Mukhopadhyay, B., Khan, A., and Gautam, R., 2014. Rising and falling river flows: contrasting signals of climate change from eastern and western Karakoram. Hydrological Sciences Journal. doi:10.1080/02626667.2014.947291
  • Nathan, R.J. and McMahon, T.A., 1990. Evaluation of automated techniques for base flow and recession analysis. Water Resources Research, 26 (7), 1465–1473. doi: 10.1029/WR026i007p01465
  • Prasad, A.K., Yang, K.–H.S., El-Askary, H.M., and Kafatos, M., 2009. Melting of major glaciers in the western Himalayas: evidence of climatic changes from long term MSU derived troposhheric temperature trend (1979–2008). Annals of Geophysics, 27, 4505–4519. doi: 10.5194/angeo-27-4505-2009
  • Qureshi, A.S., 2011. Water management in the Indus Basin in Pakistan: challenges and opportunities. Mountain Research and Development, 31 (3), 252–260.
  • Rees, H.G. and Collins, D.N., 2006. Regional differences in response of flow in glacier-fed Himalayan rivers to climatic warming. Hydrological Processes, 20, 2157–2169. doi: 10.1002/hyp.6209
  • Shannon, C. and Weaver, W., 1949. A mathematical theory of communication. Champaign, IL: Univ. of Illinois Press.
  • Sharif, M., Archer, D.R., Fowler, H.J., and Forsythe, N., 2013. Trends in timing and magnitude of flow in the Upper Indus Basin. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 17, 1503–1516. doi:10.5194/hess-17–1503–2013
  • Singh, V.P., 2000. The entropy theory as a tool for modeling and decision-making in environmental and water resources. Water SA, 26 (1), 1–11.
  • Singh, V. P., 2013. Entropy theory and its application in environmental and water engineering. Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 662 pp.
  • Stewart, I.T., Cayan, D.R., and Dettinger, M.D., 2004. Changes in snowmelt runoff timing in Western North America under a ‘business as usual’ climate change scenario. Climate Change, 62 (1–3), 217–232.
  • Stewart, I.T., Cayan, D.R., and Dettinger, M.D., 2005. Changes toward earlier streamflow timing across Western North America. Journal of Climate, 18, 1136–1155.
  • United States Geological Survey, 2005. Changes in streamflow timing in the western United States in recent decades from the National Streamflow: Information Program Factsheet 2005–3018. http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3018/
  • Young, G.J. and Hewitt, K., 1990. Hydrology research in the Upper Indus basin. Karakoram Himalaya, Pakistan: Hydrology of Mountainous Areas. IAHS Publication 190, 139–152.
  • Young, G.J. and Hewitt, K., 1993. Glaciohydrological features of the Karakoram Himalaya: Measurements possibilities and constraints. IAHS Publication, 218, 273–283.
  • Yu, W., et al., 2013. The Indus Basin of Pakistan: The impacts of climate risks on water and agriculture. Washington, DC: The World Bank. doi: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9874-6

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.