Measuring suspended sediments in periglacial reservoirs using water samples, laser in-situ scattering and transmissometry and acoustic Doppler current profiler

References

• Addor, N., et al., 2014. Robust changes and sources of uncertainty in the projected hydrological regimes of Swiss catchments. Water Resources Research, 50 (10), 7541–7562. doi:10.1002/2014wr015549.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agrawal, Y.C. and Pottsmith, H.C., 1994. Laser diraction particle sizing in STRESS. Continental Shelf Research, 14 (10), 1101–1121. doi:10.1016/0278-4343(94)90030-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agrawal, Y.C. and Pottsmith, H.C., 2000. Instruments for particle size and settling velocity observations in sediment transport. Marine Geology, 168 (1), 89–114. doi:10.1016/s0025-3227(00)00044-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agrawal, Y.C., et al., 2008. Light scattering by random shaped particles and consequences on measuring suspended sediments by laser diffraction. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 113 (C4). doi:10.1029/2007jc004403.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez, L.G. and Jones, S.E., 2002. Factors influencing suspended sediment flux in the upper Gulf of California. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 54 (4), 747–759. doi:10.1006/ecss.2001.0873.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews, S.W., et al., 2011a. The influence of ambient light intensity on in situ laser diffractometers. Water Resources Research, 47 (6). doi:10.1029/2010wr009841.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Andrews, S.W., et al., 2011b. Limitations of laser diffraction for measuring fine particles in oligotrophic systems: pitfalls and potential solutions. Water Resources Research, 47 (5). doi:10.1029/2010wr009837.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Auel, C. and Boes, R.M., 2012. Sustainable reservoir management using sediment bypass tunnels. Proc. 24th ICOLD congress. Kyoto, Japan: International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD). Q.92, R.16: 224–241.
   Google Scholar
• Bartholomä, A., et al., 2009. Suspended sediment transport in the German Wadden Sea – seasonal variations and extreme events. Ocean Dynamics, 59 (2), 213–225. doi:10.1007/s10236-009-0193-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, M. and Baron, L., 2011. Bathymetrie Gries – Rapport technique (‘Bathymetry Gries – Technical Report’). Technical Report, R.B.R. Geophysics GmbH (unpublished).
   Google Scholar
• Beck, M. and Baron, L., 2015. Bathymetrie Gries – Rapport technique (‘Bathymetry Gries – Technical Report’). Technical Report, R.B.R. Geophysics GmbH (unpublished).
   Google Scholar
• Beyer Portner, N., 1998. Erosion des bassins versant alpins suisses par ruisellement de surface (‘Erosion of alpine catchments in Switzerland by overland flow’). Thesis (PhD). Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). Available from: https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/116153/files/Comm_LCH_6.pdf&version=1 [Accessed 25 Apr 2017, in French].
   Google Scholar
• Bourban, G. and Papilloud, E., 2015. Gries: a global approach example for hydropower reservoir sedimentation management. In: Proc. HYDRO, 1–6, Bordeaux.
   Google Scholar
• CH2011, 2011. Swiss Climate Change Scenarios 2011. Technical Report, C2SM, MeteoSwiss, ETH, NCCR Climate and OcCC, Zurich. Available from: http://www.ch2011.ch/pdf/CH2011reportHIGH.pdf [Accessed 25 Apr 2017].
   Google Scholar
• Curran, K.J., et al., 2007. Settling velocity, effective density, and mass composition of suspended sediment in a coastal bottom boundary layer, Gulf of Lions, France. Continental Shelf Research, 27 (10), 1408–1421. doi:10.1016/j.csr.2007.01.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czuba, J.A., et al., 2015. Comparison of fluvial suspended-sediment concentrations and particle-size distributions measured with in-stream laser diffraction and in physical samples. Water Resources Research, 51 (1), 320–340. doi:10.1002/2014wr015697.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delaney, I.A., et al., submitted. Proglacial erosion rates and processes in the catchment of a glacier in the Swiss Alps. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms.
   Google Scholar
• Droppo, I.G. and Ongley, E.D., 1992. The state of suspended sediment in the freshwater fluvial environment: a method of analysis. Water Research, 26 (1), 65–72. doi: 10.1016/0043-1354(92)90112-h
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Droppo, I.G. and Ongley, E.D., 1994. Flocculation of suspended sediment in rivers of southeastern Canada. Water Research, 28 (8), 1799–1809. doi: 10.1016/0043-1354(94)90253-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duclos, P.-A., et al., 2013. Dynamics of turbid plumes generated by marine aggregate dredging: An example of a macrotidal environment (the Bay of Seine, France). Journal of Coastal Research, 29 (6A), 25–37. doi: 10.2112/jcoastres-d-12-00148.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farinotti, D., et al., 2012. Runoff evolution in the Swiss Alps: projections for selected high-alpine catchments based on ENSEMBLES scenarios. Hydrological Processes, 26 (13), 1909–1924. doi: 10.1002/hyp.8276
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felix, D., 2017. Experimental investigation on suspended sediment, hydro-abrasive erosion and efficiency reductions of coated Pelton turbines. Thesis (PhD), VAW-Mitteilung 238, Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), R.M. Boes (ed.), ETH Zurich, Switzerland (in prep.).
   Google Scholar
• Felix, D., Albayrak, I., and Boes, R.M., 2013. Laboratory investigation on measuring suspended sediment by portable laser diffractometer (LISST) focusing on particle shape. Geo-Marine Letters, 33 (6), 485–498. doi:s00367-013-0343-1 doi: 10.1007/s00367-013-0343-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fettweis, M., et al., 2006. Suspended particulate matter dynamics and aggregate sizes in a high turbidity area. Marine Geology, 235 (1–4), 63–74. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2006.10.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabbi, J., et al., 2012. Ice volume distribution and implications on runoff projections in a glacierized catchment. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 16 (12), 4543–4556. doi: 10.5194/hess-16-4543-2012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geilhausen, M., et al., 2013. Sediment discharge from the proglacial zone of a retreating alpine glacier. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplementary Issues, 57 (2), 29–53. doi: 10.1127/0372-8854/2012/s-00122
   Google Scholar
• Guerrero, M., Rüther, N., and Archetti, R., 2014. Comparison under controlled conditions between multi-frequency ADCPs and LISST-SL for investigating suspended sand in rivers. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 37, 73–82. doi: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2014.03.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerrero, M., et al., 2016. The acoustic properties of suspended sediment in large rivers: consequences on ADCP methods applicability. Water-MDPI, 8 (13), 1–22. doi: 10.3390/w8010013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerrero, M., Szupiany, R.N., and Amsler, M., 2011. Comparison of acoustic backscattering techniques for suspended sediments investigation. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 22 (5), 392–401. doi: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2011.06.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerrero, M., Szupiany, R.N., and Latosinski, F., 2013. Multi-frequency acoustic for suspended sediment studies: an application in the Parana River. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 51 (6), 696–707. doi: 10.1080/00221686.2013.849296
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guillon, H., 2016. Origine et transport des sédiments dans un bassin versant alpin englacé (Glacier des Bossons, France) (‘Origin and transport of sediments in a glaciated alpine drainage basin (Glacier des Bossons, France)’). Thesis (PhD), Université Grenoble Alpes. Available from: https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01461481v2/document [Accessed 25 Apr 2017, in French].
   Google Scholar
• Guo, L. and He, Q., 2011. Freshwater flocculation of suspended sediments in the Yangtze River, China. Ocean Dynamics, 61 (2/3), 371–386. doi: 10.1007/s10236-011-0391-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurnell, A., Hannah, D., and Lawler, D., 1996. Suspended sediment yield from glacier basins. In: D.E. Walling and B. Webb, eds. Proc. Erosion and sediment yield: global and regional perspectives. Exeter: International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS), 97–104. ISBN 9780947571894.
   Google Scholar
• Ha, H. K., et al., 2015. Under-ice measurements of suspended particulate matters using ADCP and LISST-Holo. Ocean Science Journal, 50 (1), 97–108. doi: 10.1007/s12601-015-0008-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haun, S. and Lizano, L., 2015. Sensitivity analysis of sediment fluxes derived by using acoustic backscatter. Proc. 36th IAHR World Congress, The Hague, The Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Haun, S. and Lizano, L., 2016. Evaluation of a density current from ADCP backscatter data and LISST measurements. In: G. Constantinescu, M. García, and D. Hanes, eds. Proc. River Flow 2016. London: CRC Press, 875–881. ISBN 978-1-138-02913-2.
   Google Scholar
• Haun, S., et al., 2015. Comparison of real time suspended sediment transport measurements in river environment by LISST measurements in stationary and moving operation mode. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 41, 10–17. doi: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2014.10.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodder, K.R., 2009. Flocculation: a key process in the sediment flux of a large, glacier-fed lake. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 34 (8), 1151–1163. doi: 10.1002/esp.1807
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodder, K.R. and Gilbert, R., 2007. Evidence of flocculation in glacier-fed Lillooet Lake, British Columbia. Water Research, 41 (12), 2748–2762. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.02.058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huss, M., et al., 2008a. Determination of the seasonal mass balance of four Alpine glaciers since 1865. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 113 (F1), 1–11. doi: 10.1029/2007jf000803
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huss, M., et al., 2008b. Modelling runoff from highly glacierized alpine drainage basins in a changing climate. Hydrological Processes, 22 (19), 3888–3902. doi: 10.1002/hyp.7055
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huss, M., et al., 2014. High uncertainty in 21st century runoff projections from glacierized basins. Journal of Hydrology, 510, 35–48. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.12.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutter, K., Wang, Y., and Chubarenko, I.P., 2011. Physics of lakes – Volume 3: methods of understanding lakes as components of the geophysical environment. Zurich: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-00473-0.
   Google Scholar
• IPCC, 2013. Climate change 2013—the physical science basis. Technical Report, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Available from: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WGIAR5_SPM_brochure_en.pdf [Accessed 25 Apr 2017].
   Google Scholar
• Jay, D.A., et al., 1999. Acoustic determination of sediment concentrations, settling velocities, horizontal transports and vertical fluxes in Estuaries. Proc. IEEE 6th Working Conference on Current Measurement, San Diego, USA. doi:10.1109/ccm.1999.755251.
   Google Scholar
• Jenzer Althaus, J.M.I., 2011. Sediment evacuation from reservoirs through intakes by jet induced flow. Thesis (PhD), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). Available from: https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/154766/files/EPFL_TH4927.pdf [Accessed 25 Apr 2017].
   Google Scholar
• Jouvet, G., et al., 2011. Modelling the retreat of Grosser Aletschgletscher, Switzerland, in a changing climate. Journal of Glaciology, 57 (206), 1033–1045. doi: 10.3189/002214311798843359
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kostaschuk, R., et al., 2005. Measuring flow velocity and sediment transport with an acoustic Doppler current profiler. Geomorphology, 68 (1–2), 25–37. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.07.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latosinski, F., et al., 2014. Estimation of concentration and load of suspended sediment in a large river by means of Doppler technology. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 140 (7), 04014023. doi: 10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0000859
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J., et al., 2016. River plume induced variability of suspended sediment particle characteristics. Marine Geology, 380, 219–230. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2016.04.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meile, T., et al., 2014. Chap. 29 – Reservoir sedimentation management at Gebidem Dam (Switzerland). In: A. Schleiss, G. de Cesare, M.J. Franca, and M. Pfister, eds. Reservoir Sedimentation. London: Taylor & Francis Group, 245–255. ISBN 978-1-138-02675-9.
   Google Scholar
• Menczel, A. and Kostaschuk, R., 2013. Chap. 24 – Interfacial waves as coherent flow structures associated with continuous turbidity currents: Lillooet Lake, Canada. In: J.G. Venditti, J.L. Best, M. Church, and R.J. Hardy, eds. Coherent flow structures at earth's surface. Burnaby: John Wiley & Sons, 371–383. ISBN 978-1-119-96277-9.
   Google Scholar
• Micheletti, N. and Lane, S.N., 2016. Water yield and sediment export in small, partially glaciated Alpine watersheds in a warming climate. Water Resources Research, 52 (6), 4924–4943. doi: 10.1002/2016wr018774
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikkelsen, O.A. and Pejrup, M., 2000. In situ particle size spectra and density of particle aggregates in a dredging plume. Marine Geology, 170 (3), 443–459. doi: 10.1016/s0025-3227(00)00105-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moate, B.D. and Thorne, P.D., 2009. Measurements and inversion of acoustic scattering from suspensions having broad size distributions. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 126 (6), 2905–2917. doi: 10.1121/1.3242374
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, S.A., 2011. Monitoring flow and fluxes of suspended sediment in rivers using side-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers. Thesis (PhD), Université de Grenoble. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENU043.pdf [Accessed 25 Apr 2017].
   Google Scholar
• Ortmanns, C., 2006. Entsander von Wasserkraftanlagen (‘Desanding facilities at hydroelectric power plants’). Thesis (PhD), VAW-Mitteilung 193, Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), H.-E. Minor ed. Switzerland: ETH Zurich. Available from: https://www.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/baug/vaw/vaw-dam/documents/das-institut/mitteilungen/2000-2009/193.pdf [Accessed 25 Apr 2017, in German].
   Google Scholar
• Riihimaki, C.A., et al., 2005. Sediment evacuation and glacial erosion rates at a small alpine glacier. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110 (F3): 1017–1010. doi: 10.1029/2004jf000189
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos, A.I., et al., 2014. Suspended sediment transport patterns in the inner shelf – S. Pedro de Moel (Portugal). Journal of Sea Research, 93, 47–56. doi: 10.1016/j.seares.2014.04.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sassi, M.G., Hoitink, A.J.F., and Vermeulen, B., 2012. Impact of sound attenuation by suspended sediment on ADCP backscatter calibrations. Water Resources Research, 48 (9), 89–80. doi: 10.1029/2012wr012008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schleiss, A., de Cesare, G., and Jenzer Althaus, J.M.I., 2010. Verlandung der Stauseen gefährdet die nachhaltige Nutzung der Wasserkraft (‘Reservoir sedimentation threatens the sustainable use of hydropower’). Wasser Energie Luft, 102, 31–40. Available from: https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/147714/files/Schleiss_DeCesare_Jenzer_wel_2010_Verlandung.pdf [Accessed 25 Apr 2017, in German].
   Google Scholar
• Schleiss, A., et al., (1996. Verlandungsprobleme im Stausee Mauvoisin (‘Reservoir sedimentation problems in Lac de Mauvoisin’). In: D. Vischer, ed. Proc. Verlandung von Stauseen und Stauhaltungen, Sedimentprobleme in Leitungen und Kanälen (‘Sedimentation in Reservoirs, Pipes and Conduits’), VAW-Mitteilung 142. Zurich: ETH Zurich, 37–58. Available from: https://www.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/baug/vaw/vaw-dam/documents/das-institut/mitteilungen/1990-1999/142.pdf [Accessed 25 Apr 2017; in German].
   Google Scholar
• SCNAT, 2016. Brennpunkt Klima Schweiz. Grundlagen, Folgen und Perspektiven. (‘Focus climate Switzerland. Basics, consequences and perspectives’). Swiss Academy of Sciences, Swiss Academies Report 11 (5). Available from: http://www.naturalsciences.ch/uuid/289496e5-c703-5917-ad42-1abd05b8fe36?r=20161005181841_1484061355_0d8762b6-48e9-5186-a15e-a89c7ed607ff [in German, Accessed 25 Apr 2017].
   Google Scholar
• SGHL & CHy, 2011. Auswirkungen der Klimaänderung auf die Wasserkraftnutzung | Synthesebericht (‘Effects of climate change on hydropower use | synthesis report’). Beiträge zur Hydrologie der Schweiz 38, Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Hydrologie und Limnologie (SGHL) und Hydrologische Kommission (CHy). Available from: http://www.hydrologie.unibe.ch/projekte/Synthesebericht.pdf [Accessed 25 Apr 2017; in German].
   Google Scholar
• SonTek, 2000. SonTek/YSI acoustic Doppler profiler. Technical documentation, SonTek.
   Google Scholar
• SonTek, 2017. RiverSurveyor S5/M9 SmartPulseHD®* Feature. Technical Note, SonTek.
   Google Scholar
• Stott, T. and Mount, N., 2007. Alpine proglacial suspended sediment dynamics in warm and cool ablation seasons: implications for global warming. Journal of Hydrology, 332 (3/4), 259–270. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.07.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swift, D.A., Nienow, P.W., and Hoey, T.B., 2005. Basal sediment evacuation by subglacial meltwater: suspended sediment transport from Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 30 (7), 867–883. doi: 10.1002/esp.1197
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thevenot, M.M., Prickett, T.L., and Kraus, N.C., 1992. Tylers Beach, Virginia, Dredged Material Plume Monitoring Project 27 September to 4 October 1991. Technical Report DRP-92-7, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Available from: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA261036 [Accessed 25 Apr 2017].
   Google Scholar
• Unverricht, D., et al., 2014. Suspended sediment dynamics during the inner-monsoon season in the subaqueous Mekong delta and adjacent shelf, southern Vietnam. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 79, 509–519. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.10.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uhlmann, B., Jordan, F., and Beniston, M., 2013. Modelling runoff in a Swiss glacierized catchment—Part II: daily discharge and glacier evolution in the Findelen basin in a progressively warmer climate. International Journal of Climatology, 33 (5), 1301–1307. doi: 10.1002/joc.3516
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urick, R.J., 1975. Principles of underwater sound. New York: McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0932146625.
   Google Scholar
• Wisser, D., et al., 2013. Beyond peak reservoir storage? A global estimate of declining water storage capacity in large reservoirs. Water Resources Research, 49 (9), 5732–5739. doi: 10.1002/wrcr.20452
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, T.M., Gartner, J.W., 2010. Use of acoustic backscatter and vertical velocity to estimate concentration and dynamics of suspended solids in Upper Klamath Lake, South-Central Oregon: Implications for Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5203, U. S. Geological Survey. Available from: https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5203/pdf/sir20105203.pdf. [Accessed 25 Apr 2017].
   Google Scholar
• Wood, M. S. and Teasdale, G. N., 2013. Use of surrogate technologies to estimate suspended sediment in the Clearwater River, Idaho, and Snake River, Washington, 2008–10. Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5052, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. Available from: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5052/pdf/sir20135052.pdf [Accessed 25 Apr 2017].
   Google Scholar
• Woodward, J.C., et al., (2002. Composite suspended sediment particles and flocculation in glacial meltwaters: preliminary evidence from Alpine and Himalayan basins. Hydrological Processes, 16 (9), 1735–1744. doi: 10.1002/hyp.361
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, J., Sequeiros, O.E., and Noble, M.A., 2014. Sediment concentrations, flow conditions, and downstream evolution of two turbidity currents, Monterey Canyon, USA. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 89, 11–34. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2014.04.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, Y., et al., 2008. Observations of sediment resuspension and settling off the mouth of Jiaozhou Bay, Yellow Sea. Continental Shelf Research, 28 (19), 2630–2643. doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2008.08.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar