1,412
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Water conservation, scarcity, provision, water-energy nexus, reuse

Multi-driver ensemble to evaluate the water utility business interruption cost induced by hydrological drought risk scenarios in Brazil

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 1517-1531 | Received 15 Oct 2021, Accepted 22 Mar 2022, Published online: 30 Mar 2022

References

  • Agencia das Bacias PCJ, Comitês PCJ. 2016. Capivari e Jundiaí Ano Base – 2015. Sao Paulo: Agencia das Bacias PCJ.
  • Ali, Ghaffar, Muhammad K Bashir, Sawaid Abbas, and Mehwish Murtaza. 2021. “Drinking-Water Efficiency, Cost of Illness, and Peri-Urban Society: An Economic Household Analysis.” PLoS One 16 (e0257509): 1–13. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257509
  • ANA/DAEE. 2013. Dados de Referência Acerca Da Outorga Do Sistema Cantareira. Sao Paulo: Departamento de Águas e Energia Elétrica - Agência Nacional de Águas e Saneamento Básico. http://arquivos.ana.gov.br/institucional/sof/Renovacao_Outorga/DadosdeReferenciaAcercadaOutorgadoSistemaCantareira.pdf
  • Asadieh, Behzad, and Nir Y Krakauer. 2017. “Global Change in Flood and Drought Intensities under Climate Change in the 21st Century.” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21 (June): 5863–5874. doi:10.5194/hess-21-5863-2017.
  • Ault, T. R. 2020. “Erratum: On the Essentials of Drought in a Changing Climate (Science D0I: 10.1126/Science.Aaz5492).” Science 368 (6489): 256–260. doi:10.1126/SCIENCE.ABC4034.
  • Bachmair, S, C Svensson, J Hannaford, L J Barker, and K Stahl. 2016. “A Quantitative Analysis to Objectively Appraise Drought Indicators and Model Drought Impacts.” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20 (7): 2589–2609. doi:10.5194/hess-20-2589-2016.
  • Bachmair, Sophie, Cecilia Svensson, Ilaria Prosdocimi, Jamie Hannaford, and Kerstin Stahl. 2017. “Developing Drought Impact Functions for Drought Risk Management.” Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17 (11): 1947–1960. doi:10.5194/nhess-17-1947-2017.
  • Balbus, John. 2017. “Understanding Drought’s Impacts on Human Health.” The Lancet Planetary Health 1 (1): e12. The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license 10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30008-6.
  • Bates, B.C., Z.W. Kundzewicz, S. Wu, and J.P. Palutikof.2018. “Climate Change and Water.“ Technical Paper of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC Secretariat, Geneva, 210 pp. https://archive.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_technical_papers.shtml
  • Berman, Jesse D, Keita Ebisu, Roger D Peng, Francesca Dominici, and Michelle L Bell. 2013. “Articles Drought and the Risk of Hospital Admissions and Mortality in Older Adults in Western USA from 2000 to 2013: A Retrospective Study.” Lancet Planet Health 1 (1): e17–e25. The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license 10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30002-5.
  • Brasil, 1997. LEI No 9.433, DE 8 DE JANEIRO DE 1997 - PFEDERAL. LEI No 9.433, DE 8 DE JANEIRO DE 1997 - Política Nacional de Recursos Hidricos. n. Pdr 2020, p. 3901–3902, Política Nacional de Recursos Hidricos.
  • Bressers, Hans, Nanny Bressers, and Corinne Larrue. 2016. “Introduction: Why Governance for Drought Resilience?” In Governance for Drought Resilience Land and Water Drought Management in Europe, Vol. 266. AG Switzerland: springer Open, 266. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29671-5.
  • Bucheli, Janic, Tobias Dalhaus, and Robert Finger. 2020. “The Optimal Drought Index for Designing Weather Index Insurance.” European Review of Agricultural Economics 1–25. doi:10.1093/erae/jbaa014.
  • Buckeridge, M, and W Costa Ribeiro. 2018. LIVRO BRANCO DA ÁGUA A Crise Hídrica Na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo Em 2013-2015: Origens, Impactos e Solucoes. 1st ed. Sao Paulo: Instituto de Estudos Avançados da Universidade de São Paulo Academia de Ciências do Estado de São Paulo. http://www.iea.usp.br/publicacoes/ebooks/livro-branco-da-agua
  • Cambareri, Grace 2017. “Robust Drought Planning in Megacities: A Case Study in São Paulo, Brazil.” University of Massachusetts Amherst.
  • Cavalcanti, Iracema F A, and Vernon E Kousky. 2001. “Drought in Brazil during Summer and Fall 2001 and Associated Atmospheric Circulation Features.” Revista Climanálise 1: 1–10.
  • Chou, Sin Chan, André Lyra, Caroline Mourão, Claudine Dereczynski, Isabel Pilotto, Jorge Gomes, Josiane Bustamante, et al. 2014a. “Assessment of Climate Change over South America under RCP 4.5 And 8.5 Downscaling Scenarios.” American Journal of Climate Change 3 (5): 512–527. doi:10.4236/ajcc.2014.35043.
  • Chou, Sin Chan, André Lyra, Caroline Mourão, Claudine Dereczynski, Isabel Pilotto, Jorge Gomes, Josiane Bustamante, et al. 2014b. “Evaluation of the Eta Simulations Nested in Three Global Climate Models.” American Journal of Climate Change 3 (5): 438–454. doi:10.4236/ajcc.2014.35039.
  • Consórcio PCJ. 2013. Sistema Cantareira : Um Mar de Desafios. Compilado de Textos, Informações e Subsídios Voltados a Renovação Da Outorga Do Sistema Cantareira. Sao Paulo. Versão 1.1 - Compilado de Textos, Informações e Subsídios voltados a Renovação da Outorga do Sistema Cantareira. http://agua.org.br/apresentacoes/71557_ApostilaCantareira-ConsorcioPCJ.pdf
  • Coutinho, Renato M, Roberto A Kraenkel, and Paulo I Prado. 2015. “Catastrophic Regime Shift in Water Reservoirs and São Paulo Water Supply Crisis.” PLoS One 1–14. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138278.
  • De Andrade, Claudia. 2016. Managing Water (In) Security in Brazil- Lessons from a Megacity. Vol. 44. London: Springer, Cham. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56946-8_25.
  • De Andrade Filho, Moises, Ortiz Javier, and Marcelo de Oliveira. 2015. “Water Pricing in Brazil: Successes, Failures, and New Approaches.” In Water Pricing Experiences and Innovations, edited by Ariel Dinar, Victor Pochat, Josè Albiac-Murilo, Stefano Farolfi, Rathinasamy Saleth, and Iss Global, 485. Vol. 9. Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London: Springer International Publishing Switzerland. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16465-6.
  • De Oliveira, João Bertoldo, Marco Rossi Marcelo Camrago, and Braz Calderano Filho. 1999. Mapa Pedológico Do Estado de São Paulo. 1 ed. Campinas: Embrapa, IAC.
  • Deusdará-Leal, Karinne Reis, Luz Adriana Cuartas, Rong Zhang, Guilherme S. Mohor, Luíz Valério de Castro Carvalho, Carlos Afonso Nobre, Eduardo Mario Mendiondo, Elisângela Broedel, Marcelo Enrique Seluchi, and Regina Célia Dos Santos Alvalá. 2020. “Implications of the New Operational Rules for Cantareira Water System: Re-Reading the 2014-2016 Water Crisis.” Journal of Water Resource and Protection 12 (4): 261–274. doi:10.4236/jwarp.2020.124016.
  • Doherty, John, and Brian E Skahill. 2006. “An Advanced Regularization Methodology for Use in Watershed Model Calibration.” Journal of Hydrology 327 (327): 564–577. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.058.
  • Falkenmark, M., and M. Lannerstad. 2004. “Consumptive Water Use to Feed Humanity – Curing a Blind Spot.” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1 (1): 7–40. doi:10.5194/hessd-1-7-2004.
  • Forni, Laura G, Josué Medellín-azuara, Michael Tansey, Charles Young, David Purkey, and Richard Howitt. 2016. “Integrating Complex Economic and Hydrologic Planning Models_ an Application for Drought under Climate Change Analysis.” Water Resources and Economics 16 (October): 15–27. Elsevier 10.1016/j.wre.2016.10.002.
  • Fowler, H.J., S. Blenkinsop, and C. Tebladi. 2007. “Review Linking Climate Change Modelling to Impacts Studies: Recent Advances in Downscaling Techniques for Hydrological Modelling.” International Journal of Climatology 4: 1549–1555. doi: 10.1002/joc. (December 2007).
  • Freire-González, Jaume, Christopher Decker, and Jim W. Hall. 2017. “The Economic Impacts of Droughts: A Framework for Analysis.” Ecological Economics 132 (February): 196–204. Elsevier B.V 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.11.005.
  • Gibbs, Matthew S., David McInerney, Greer Humphrey, Mark A. Thyer, Holger R. Maier, Graeme C. Dandy, and Dmitri Kavetski. 2018. “State Updating and Calibration Period Selection to Improve Dynamic Monthly Streamflow Forecasts for an Environmental Flow Management Application.” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22 (1): 871–887. doi:10.5194/hess-22-871-2018.
  • Grafton, R. Quentin, and B. Ward Michael. 2008. “Prices versus Rationing: Marshallian Surplus and Mandatory Water Restrictions.” Economic Record 84 (SUPPL.1): 57–65. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4932.2008.00483.x.
  • Guzman, Diego A. 2018. “Hydrological Risk Transfer Planning under the Drought ‘Severity- Duration-Frequency’ Approach as a Climate Change Impact Mitigation Strategy.” Sao Paulu Univeristy.
  • Guzmán, Diego, A. Guilherme, S. Mohor, and M. Mendiondo Eduardo. 2020. “Multi-Year Index-Based Insurance for Adapting Water Utility Companies to Hydrological Drought: Case Study of a Water Supply System of the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region, Brazil.” Water 12 (11): 2954. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. doi:10.3390/w12112954.
  • Heudorfer, B, and K Stahl. 2017. “Comparison of Different Threshold Level Methods for Drought Propagation Analysis in Germany.” Hydrology Research 48 (5): 1311–1326. doi:10.2166/nh.2016.258.
  • Honti, M., A. Scheidegger, and C. Stamm. 2014. “The Importance of Hydrological Uncertainty Assessment Methods in Climate Change Impact Studies.” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18 (8): 3301–3317. doi:10.5194/hess-18-3301-2014.
  • Hoque, Muhammad Ziaul, Shenghui Cui, Xu Lilai, Imranul Islam, Ghaffar Ali, and Jianxiong Tang. 2019. “Resilience of Coastal Communities to Climate Change in Bangladesh: Research Gaps and Future Directions.” Watershed Ecology and the Environment 1: 42–56. Elsevier B.V. 10.1016/j.wsee.2019.10.001.
  • Hou, Wei, Zai Qing Chen, Dong Dong Zuo, and Guo Lin Feng. 2018. “Drought Loss Assessment Model for Southwest China Based on a Hyperbolic Tangent Function.”International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction (January): 1. Elsevier Ltd 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.01.017.
  • Ivana, Logar, and Jeroen C J M van den Bergh. 2012. “Methods to Assess Costs of Drought Damages and Policies for Drought Mitigation and Adaptation: Review and Recommendations.” Water Resources Management 27 (6): 1707–1720. doi:10.1007/s11269-012-0119-9.
  • Jobst, Andreas M., Daniel G. Kingston, Nicolas J. Cullen, and Josef Schmid. 2018. “Intercomparison of Different Uncertainty Sources in Hydrological Climate Change Projections for an Alpine Catchment (Upper Clutha River, New Zealand).” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22 (6): 3125–3142. doi:10.5194/hess-22-3125-2018.
  • Jones, Roger N. 2000. “Managing Uncertainty in Climate Change Projections – Issues for Impact Assessment.” Climatic Change 45 (3): 403–419. doi:10.1023/A:1005551626280.
  • Kim, Kue Bum, Hyun Han Kwon, and Dawei Han.2015. “Bias correction methods for regional climate model simulations considering the distributional parametric uncertainty underlying the observations.“ Journal of Hydrology 530 (November): 568–579. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.10.015.
  • Krause, P, and D P Boyle. 2005. “Comparison of Different Efficiency Criteria for Hydrological Model Assessment.” Advances In Geosciences 5 (89): 89–97. doi:10.5194/adgeo-5-89-2005.
  • Kuil, Linda, Gemma Carr, Alberto Viglione, Alexia Prskawetz, and Günter Blöschl. 2016. “Conceptualizing Socio-Hydrological Drought Processes: The Case of the Maya Collapse.” Water Resources Research 52 (8): 6222–6242. doi:10.1002/2015WR018298.
  • Kumarasamy, Karthik, and Patrick Belmont. 2017. “Multiple Domain Evaluation of Watershed Hydrology Models.” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, no. March: 1–32. doi:10.5194/hess-2017-121.
  • Laaha, Gregor, Tobias Gauster, Lena M. Tallaksen, Jean-Philippe Vidal, Kerstin Stahl, Christel Prudhomme, Benedikt Heudorfer, et al. 2016. “The European 2015 Drought from a Hydrological Perspective.” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1–30. doi:10.5194/hess-2016-366.
  • Liersch, Stefan, Julia Tecklenburg, Henning Rust, Andreas Dobler, Madlen Fischer, Tim Kruschke, Hagen Koch, and Fred Hattermann. 2016. “Are We Using the Right Fuel to Drive Hydrological Models? A Climate Impact Study in the Upper Blue Nile.” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1–34. doi:10.5194/hess-2016-422.
  • Liu, Tingting, Richard Krop, Tonya Haigh, Kelly Helm Smith, and Mark Svoboda. 2021. “Valuation of Drought Information: Understanding the Value of the Us Drought Monitor in Land Management.” Water (Switzerland) 13 (2): 1–11. doi:10.3390/w13020112.
  • Lloyd-hughes, Benjamin. 2013. “The Impracticality of a Universal Drought Definition.” Theoretical and Applied Climatology 117 (3–4): 6007–6611. doi:10.1007/s00704-013-1025-7.
  • Lyra, Andre, Priscila Tavares, Sin Chan Chou, Gustavo Sueiro, Claudine Dereczynski, Marcely Sondermann, Adan Silva, and José Marengo. 2017. “Climate Change Projections over Three Metropolitan Regions in Southeast Brazil Using the Non-Hydrostatic Eta Regional Climate Model at 5-Km Resolution.” Theor Appl Climatol. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. doi:10.1007/s00704-017-2067-z.
  • Maraun, D, and M Widmann. 2018. “Model Outputs Statistics.” In Statistical Downscaling and Bias Correction for Climate Research, First Edit, 170–200. London: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781107588783.013.
  • Marengo, Jose, Carlos A. Nobre, Marcelo Seluchi, Adriana Cuartas, Lincoln M Alves, E Mario Mendiondo, Guillermo Obregón, and Gilvan Sampaio. 2015. “A Seca e a Crise Hídrica de 2014-2015 Em São Paulo.” Revista USP 116 (106): 31–44. julho/agosto/setembro 2015 10.11606/.2316-9036.v0i106p31-44.
  • Mehran, Ali, Omid Mazdiyasni, and Amir Aghakouchak. 2015. “A Hybrid Framework for Assessing Socioeconomic Drought: Linking Climate Variability, Local Resilience, and Demand.” Journal of Geophysical Reasearch: Atmospheres 7520–7533. doi:10.1002/2015JD023147.
  • Mens, M. J. P., K. Gilroy, and D. Williams. 2015. “Developing System Robustness Analysis for Drought Risk Management: An Application on a Water Supply Reservoir.” Natural Hazards and Earth System Science 15 (8): 1933–1940. doi:10.5194/nhess-15-1933-2015.
  • Mesquita, Arlan Mendes, and Ricardo Machado Ruiz. 2013. “A Financial Economic Model for Urban Water Pricing in Brazil.” Urban Water Journal 9006 (September): 85–96. doi:10.1080/1573062X.2012.699073.
  • Meyer, V., N. Becker, V. Markantonis, R. Schwarze, J. C J M Van Den Bergh, L. M. Bouwer, P. Bubeck, et al. 2013. “Review Article: Assessing the Costs of Natural Hazards-State of the Art and Knowledge Gaps.” Natural Hazards and Earth System Science 13 (5): 1351–1373. doi:10.5194/nhess-13-1351-2013.
  • Mishra, Ashok K., and Vijay P. Singh. 2010. “A Review of Drought Concepts.” Journal of Hydrology 391 (1–2): 1–2. Elsevier B.V.: 202–216 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.07.012.
  • Mohor, Guilherme Samprogna, and Eduardo Mario Mendiondo. 2017. “Economic Indicators of Hydrologic Drought Insurance under Water Demand and Climate Change Scenarios in a Brazilian Context.” Ecological Economics 140: 66–78. Elsevier B.V. 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.04.014.
  • Molin, Paulo Guilherme, Frederico Tomas De Souza, Paulo Guilherme Molin, Frederico Tomas De Souza, Jéssica Villela Sampaio, and Aline Aparecida. 2015. Mapeamento de Uso e Cobertura Do Solo Da Bacia Do Rio Piracicaba, SP: Anos 1990, 2000 e 2010. Sao Paulo: IPEF-Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais. http://www.ipef.br/publicacoes/ctecnica/
  • Molinos-Senante, María Mar??a, and Guillermo Donoso. 2016. “Water Scarcity and Affordability in Urban Water Pricing: A Case Study of Chile.” Utilities Policy 43: 107–116. Elsevier Ltd. 10.1016/j.jup.2016.04.014.
  • Montanari, A. 2007. “What Do We Mean by ‘Uncertainty’? The Need for a Consistent Wording about Uncertainty Assessment in Hydrology.” Hydrological Processes 21 (6): 841–845. doi:10.1002/hyp. January 2007.
  • Montanari, A., G. Young, H.H.G. Savenije, D. Hughes, T. Wagener, L.L. Ren, D. Koutsoyiannis, et al. 2013. “‘Panta Rhei—Everything Flows’: Change in Hydrology and Society—The IAHS Scientific Decade 2013–2022.” Hydrological Sciences Journal 58 (6): 1256–1275. doi:10.1080/02626667.2013.809088.
  • Moriasi, D.N., J.G. Arnold, M.W. Van Liew, R.L. Binger, R.D. Harmel, and T.L. Veith. 2007. “Model Evaluation Guidelines for Systematic Quantification of Accuracy in Watershed Simulations.” Transactions of the ASABE 50 (3): 885–900. doi:10.13031/2013.23153.
  • Muleta, M K. 2012. “Model Performance Sensitivity to Objective Function during Automated Calibrations.” Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 17 (6): 756–767. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000497.
  • Nam, Won-Ho, Michael J. Hayes, Mark D. Svoboda, Tsegaye Tadesse, and Donald A. Wilhite. 2015. “Drought Hazard Assessment in the Context of Climate Change for South Korea.” Agricultural Water Management 160: 106–117. Elsevier B.V. 10.1016/j.agwat.2015.06.029.
  • Nobre, Carlos A., and Jose A. Marengo. 2016. Water Crises and Megacities in Brazil: Meteorological Context of the São Paulo Drought of 2014-2015. Brazil: Global Water Forum. Posted on October 17, 2016 in Climate Change, Environment, Urban Water, Water Security. Global Water Forum http://www.globalwaterforum.org/2016/10/17/water-crises-and-megacities-in-brazil-meteorological-context-of-the-sao-paulo-drought-of-2014-2015/
  • Nobre, Carlos A., Jose A. Marengo, Marcelo E. Seluchi, Adriana Cuartas, and Lincoln M Alves. 2016. “Some Characteristics and Impacts of the Drought and Water Crisis in Southeastern Brazil during 2014 and 2015.” Journal of Water Resource and Protection 8 (February): 252–262. doi:10.4236/jwarp.2016.82022.
  • Nóbrega, M. T., W. Collischonn, C. E. M. Tucci, and A. R. Paz. 2011. “Uncertainty in Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in the Rio Grande Basin, Brazil.” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15 (2): 585–595. doi:10.5194/hess-15-585-2011.
  • PCJ/Comitês. 2006. Fundamentos Da Cobrança Pelo Uso Dos Recursos Hídricos Nas Bacias PCJ. Sao Paulo: Comitês das Bacias Hidrográficas dos rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí.
  • Prudhomme, Christel, Ignazio Giuntoli, Emma L Robinson, Douglas B Clark, Nigel W Arnell, Rutger Dankers, Balázs M Fekete, et al. 2014. “Hydrological Droughts in the 21st Century, Hotspots and Uncertainties from a Global Multimodel Ensemble Experiment.” PNAS 111 (9): 3262–3267. doi:10.1073/pnas.1222473110.
  • Refsgaard, Jens Christian, Jeroen P. van der Sluijs, Anker Lajer Højberg, and Peter A. Vanrolleghem. 2007. “Uncertainty in the Environmental Modelling Process - A Framework and Guidance.” Environmental Modelling and Software 22 (11): 1543–1556. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.02.004.
  • Rivera, Juan A., Diego C. Araneo, and Olga C. Penalba. 2017. “Threshold Level Approach for Streamflow Drought Analysis in the Central Andes of Argentina: A Climatological Assessment.” Hydrological Sciences Journal 62 (12): 1949–1964. Taylor & Francis: 1949–1964 10.1080/02626667.2017.1367095.
  • Rodrigues, Dulce B.B, Hoshin V Gupta, Eduardo M Mendiondo, and Paulo T S Oliveira. 2015. “Assessing Uncertainties in Surface Water Security: An Empirical Multimodel Approach.” Water Resources Research 51 (11): 9127–9140. doi:10.1002/2014WR016259.
  • SABESP, GESP-Goberno do Estado de Sao Paulo. 2016. Relatório Da Administração 2016 - Companhia de Saneamento Básico Do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP. Sao Paulo. https://site.sabesp.com.br/site/uploads/file/sociedade_meioamb/relatorio_sustentabilidade_2016.pdf
  • SABESP. 2016a. Comunicado - 02/16: Deliberação No 641/2016 Autorizando o Cancelamento Do Programa de Incentivo à Redução Do Consumo de Água. Sao Paulo: Goberno Estadual.
  • SABESP, GESP. 2016b. “COMUNICADO - 03/16: Marco Tarifario RMSP 2016.” Comunidado 03/16: Tarifas Agua/Esgoto 2016. http://site.sabesp.com.br/site/uploads/file/clientes_servicos/comunicado_03_2016.pdf
  • SABESP. 2017a. Relatório Da Administração 2017. Sao Paulo.
  • SABESP. 2017b. “Sistema Cantareira.” Sistema Cantareira - Visualizar Sistema Equivalente. http://www2.ana.gov.br/Paginas/servicos/saladesituacao/v2/SistemaCantareira.aspx
  • SABESP. 2017c. Relatório Da Administração 2017. Sao Paulo. http://www.dsaldo.com.br/EMPRESAS/Agua/Ciasaneamento/DFP2017.pdf
  • SABESP. 2018. Tarifas. Accessed 05 December 2018. file:///C:/Users/LEGION/AppData/Local/Mendeley%20Ltd/Mendeley%20Desktop/Downloaded/SABESP%20-%202018%20-%20Regulamento%20do%20Sistema%20Tarif%C3%A1rio%20da%20Sabesp.html
  • Sahin, Oz, Edoardo Bertone, Cara Beal, and Rodney A Stewart. 2018. “Evaluating a Novel Tiered Scarcity Adjusted Water Budget and Pricing Structure Using a Holistic Systems Modelling Approach.” Journal of Environmental Management 215: 79–90. Elsevier Ltd. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.037.
  • Şen, Zekâi, ed. 2015. Applied Drought Modeling, Prediction, and Mitigation, 474. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Shi, Peijun, Jing’ai Wang, Xu Wei, Ye Tao, Saini Yang, Lianyou Liu, Weihua Fang, Kai Liu, Li Ning, and Ming Wang. 2015. Mapping Drought Risk (Maize) of the World. World Atlas of Natural Disaster Risk, 256. London: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45430-5_17.
  • Smakhtin, Vladimir U., and E. L F Schipper. 2008. “Droughts: The Impact of Semantics and Perceptions.” Water Policy 10 (2): 131–143. doi:10.2166/wp.2008.036.
  • Smitha, P. S., B. Narasimhan, K. P. Sudheer, and H. Annamalai. 2018. “An Improved Bias Correction Method of Daily Rainfall Data Using a Sliding Window Technique for Climate Change Impact Assessment.” Journal of Hydrology 556: 100–118. Elsevier B.V. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.11.010.
  • Stahl, Kerstin, Irene Kohn, Veit Blauhut, Julia Urquijo, Lucia De Stefano, Vanda Acacio, Susana Dias, et al. 2016. “Impacts of European Drought Events: Insights from an International Database of Text-Based Reports.” Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16 (3): 801–819. doi:10.5194/nhess-16-801-2016.
  • Sung, J H, and E Chung. 2014. “Development of Streamflow Drought Severity – Duration – Frequency Curves Using the Threshold Level Method.” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18 (1997): 3341–3351. doi:10.5194/hess-18-3341-2014.
  • Taffarello, Denise, Guilherme Samprogna Mohor, Maria Do Carmo Calijuri, and Eduardo Mario Mendiondo. 2016. “Field Investigations of the 2013–14 Drought through Quali-Quantitative Freshwater Monitoring at the Headwaters of the Cantareira System, Brazil.” Water International 8060 (August): 1–25. doi:10.1080/02508060.2016.1188352.
  • Todisco, F, F Mannocchi, and L Vergni. 2013. “Severity – Duration – Frequency Curves in the Mitigation of Drought Impact: An Agricultural Case Study.” Natural Hazards 65 (3): 1863–1881. doi:10.1007/s11069-012-0446-4.
  • Touma, Danielle, Moetasim Ashfaq, Munir A Nayak, Shih-chieh Kao, and Noah S Diffenbaugh. 2015. “A Multi-Model and Multi-Index Evaluation of Drought Characteristics in the 21st Century.” Journal of Hydrology 526: 196–207. Elsevier B.V. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.12.011.
  • Tung, Yeou-koung, Ben-Chie Yen, and Charles Melching. 2006. Hydrosystems Engineering Reliability Assessment and Risk Analysis, 512. 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. doi:10.1036/0071451587.
  • Ussami, Keyi Ando, and Joaquim José Guilhoto. 2018. “Economic and Water Dependence among Regions: The Case of Alto Tiete, Sao Paulo State, Brazil.” EconomiA 19 (3): 350–376. National Association of Postgraduate Centers in Economics, ANPEC 10.1016/j.econ.2018.06.001.
  • Van Lanen, H A J, N Wanders, L M Tallaksen, A F Van Loon, and H A J Van Lanen. 2013. “Hydrological Drought across the World: Impact of Climate and Physical Catchment Structure.” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17 (17): 1715–1732. doi:10.5194/hess-17-1715-2013.
  • Van Loon, Anne F. 2015. “Hydrological Drought Explained.” Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water 2 (4): 359–392. doi:10.1002/wat2.1085.
  • Van Loon, Anne F., Tom Gleeson, Julian Clark, Albert I. J. M. Van Dijk, Kerstin Stahl, Jamie Hannaford, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, et al. 2016a. “Drought in the Anthropocene.” Nature Geoscience 9 (2) Nature Publishing Group: 89–91. doi: 10.1038/ngeo2646.
  • Van Loon, Anne F., Kerstin Stahl, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Julian Clark, Sally Rangecroft, Niko Wanders, Tom Gleeson, et al. 2016b. “Drought in a Human-Modified World: Reframing Drought Definitions, Understanding, and Analysis Approaches.” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20 (9): 3631–3650. doi:10.5194/hess-20-3631-2016.
  • Wanders, Niko, Van Loon Anne F, and Henny A J Van Lanen. 2017. “Frequently Used Drought Indices Reflect Different Drought Conditions on Global Scale.” Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss. [preprint] (August): 1–16. doi:10.5194/hess-2017-512.
  • Wanders, N., and Y. Wada. 2015. “Human and Climate Impacts on the 21st Century Hydrological Drought.” Journal of Hydrology 526: 208–220. Elsevier B.V. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.047.
  • Wilby, R. L., and I. Harris. 2006. “A Framework for Assessing Uncertainties in Climate Change Impacts: Low-Flow Scenarios for the River Thames, UK.” Water Resources Research 42 (2): 1–10. doi:10.1029/2005WR004065.
  • Yates, David, David Purkey, Jack Sieber, Annette Huber-Lee, and Hector Galbraith. 2005. “WEAP21—A Demand-, Priority-, and Preference-Driven Water Planning Model Part 1: Model Characterisitics.” Water International 30 (4): 501–512. doi:10.1080/02508060508691894.
  • Yoshihide, Wada, Ludovicus P H van Beek, Niko Wanders, and F P Bierkens Marc. 2013. “Human Water Consumption Intensifies Hydrological Drought Worldwide.” Environmental Research Letters 8 (3): 34036. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034036.
  • Zeff, Harrison B, and Gregory W Characklis. 2013. “Managing Water Utility Financial Risks through Third-Party Index Insurance Contracts.” Water Resources Research 49 (June): 4939–4951. doi:10.1002/wrcr.20364.
  • Zuffo, Antonio Carlos.2015.“Aprendizados Das Crises Da Água: O Que Faremos Com Eles? [Lessons Learnt from Water Crises: What Can We Do about Them?].”Apresentação Em Mesa Redonda No XXI Simposio Brasileiro de Recursos Hídricos. Brasília22-27:http://eventos.abrh.org.br/xxisbrh/programacao-mr.php