Weather condition and Urban infrastructure for sustainable water supply protection from water meter frost: the case of Seoul

References

• AWWA (American Water Works Association). 2012. Water Meters–Selection, Installation, Testing and Maintenance. 5th ed., pp. 1–121. Denver, CO, USA: AWWA.
   Google Scholar
• Boyle, T., D. Giurco, P. Mukheibir, A. Liu, C. Moy, S. White, and R. Stewart. 2013. “Intelligent Metering for Urban Water: A Review.” Water 5 (3): 1052–1081. https://doi.org/10.3390/w5031052.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, S.-H., D.-W. Lee, and Y.-B. Ko. 2014. “Numerical Analysis for Deformation Characteristics Under the Freezing and Bursting of Al Pipe.” Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society 15 (8): 4763–4768. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2014.15.8.4763.
   Google Scholar
• Christodoulou, S., and A. Agathokleous. 2012. “A Study on the Effects of Intermittent Water Supply on the Vulnerability of Urban Water Distribution Networks.” Water Supply 12 (4): 523–530. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.025.
   Google Scholar
• Cole, G., and R. A. Stewart. 2013. “Smart Meter Enabled Disaggregation of Urban Peak Water Demand: Precursor to Effective Urban Water Planning.” Urban Water Journal 10 (3): 174–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2012.716446.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontanazza, C. M., G. Freni, G. L. Loggia, V. Notaro, and V. Puleo. 2012. “A Composite Indicator for Water Meter Replacement in an Urban Distribution Network.” Urban Water Journal 9 (6): 419–428. https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2012.690434.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heo, J.-W., C.-H. Ho, T.-W. Park, W. Choi, J.-H. Jeong, and J. Kim. 2018. “Changes in Cold Surge Occurrence Over East Asia in the Future: Role of Thermal Structure.” Atmosphere 9 (6): 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9060222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho, C.-H., T.-W. Park, S.-Y. Jun, M.-H. Lee, C.-E. Park, J. Kim, S.-J. Lee, Y.-D. Hong, C.-K. Song, and J.-B. Lee. 2011. “A Projection of Extreme Climate Events in the 21st Century Over East Asia Using the Community Climate System Model 3.” Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 47 (4): 329–344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-011-0020-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S., Y. Ko, Y.-J. Kim, and E. Jung. 2020. “The Impact of Social Distancing and Public Behavior Changes on COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics in the Republic of Korea.” PLoS ONE 15 (9): e0238684. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H. I., T. H. Ryu, T. J. Park, S. Y. Oh, and Y. J. Choi. 2007. “A Study on Frost Protection Methods for Water Meter in Seoul Area.” The Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea 11 (1): 612–617.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, J.-H., D.-S. Lee, and J.-S. Kwak. 2018. “The Novel Design to Prevent a Water Meter Damage from Freezing Using Bellows Tube.” International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 19 (7): 1027–1032. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-018-0121-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Min, S.-K., S.-W. Son, K.-H. Seo, J.-S. Kug, S.-I. An, Y.-S. Choi, J.-H. Jeong, et al. 2015. “Changes in Weather and Climate Extremes Over Korea and Possible Causes: A Review.” Atmospheric Sciences 51 (2): 103–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-015-0066-5.
   Google Scholar
• Park, E., D. Chang, and S. Kim. 2019. “Climate Change Trends in the Han River Area - a Seoul Water Supply System Study.” Journal of Climate Change Research 10 (3): 199–211. https://doi.org/10.15531/KSCCR.2019.10.3.199.
   Google Scholar
• Park, T.-W., C.-H. Ho, S.-J. Jeong, Y.-S. Choi, S. K. Park, and C.-K. Song. 2011. “Different Characteristics of Cold Day and Cold Surge Frequency Over East Asia in a Global Warming Situation.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmosphere 116 (D12): D12118. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015369.
   Google Scholar
• Park, T.-W., C.-H. Ho, S. Yang, and J.-H. Jeong. 2010. “Influences of Arctic Oscillation and Madden-Julian Oscillation on Cold Surges and Heavy Snowfalls Over Korea: A Case Study for the Winter of 2009–2010.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmosphere 115 (D23): D23122. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014794.
   Google Scholar
• Park, S., B. Kim, and J. Lee. 2020. “Social Distancing and Outdoor Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Outbreak in South Korea: Implications for Physical Distancing Strategies.” Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 32 (6–7): 360–362. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539520940929.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian, M., and J. Jiang. 2020. “COVID-19 and Social Distancing.” Journal of Public Health 30 (1): 259–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-020-01321-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seoul Metropolitan Government, assessed Sep. 1. 2023, https://english.seoul.go.kr/seoul-views/meaning-of-seoul/3-climate/.
   Google Scholar
• Seoul Urban Solutions Agency, Accessed September 8, 2023, https://susa.or.kr/en/content/water-management.
   Google Scholar
• Van de Meene, S. J., R. Brown, and M. A. Farrelly. 2011. “Towards Understanding Governance for Sustainable Urban Water Management.” Global Environmental Change 21 (3): 1117–1127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.04.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, X., G. Zeng, G. Zhang, V. Iyakaremye, and Y. Xu. 2021. “Future Projections of Winter Cold Surge Paths Over East Asia from CMIP6 Models.” International Journal of Climatology 41 (2): 1230–1245. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6797.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yun, J.-H., J.-H. Kim, S.-Y. Jeong, Y.-S. Yang, S.-H. Kim, and D.-Y. Song. 2012. “An Experimental Study on the Freezing Protection Valve Using Phase Change Material (PCM) for the Heat Exchanger.” Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society 32 (6): 127–133. https://doi.org/10.7836/kses.2012.32.6.127.
   Google Scholar