Framework for estimating the risk and resilience of road networks with bridges and embankments under both seismic and tsunami hazards

References

• Abe, M., Yoshida, J., Fujino, Y., Morishige, Y., Uno, S., & Usami, S. (2004). Experimental investigation of ultimate behavior of metal bridge bearings under seismic loading. Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 773(773), 63–78 (in Japanese).
   Google Scholar
• Adachi, Y., & Unjoh, S. (2000). Effect of variation of member strength and stiffness on seismic response of isolated bridge. Proceedings of the 55th Annual Conference of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers, I-B223, Sendai, Japan, 446–447 (in Japanese).
   Google Scholar
• Akgül, F., & Frangopol, D. M. (2003). Rating and Reliability of Existing Bridges in a Network. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 8(6), 383–393. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2003)8:6(383)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akiyama, M., Frangopol, D. M., & Suzuki, M. (2012). Integration of the effects of airborne chlorides into reliability-based durability design of reinforced concrete structures in a marine environment. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 8(2), 125–134. doi:10.1080/15732470903363313
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akiyama, M., Matsuzaki, M., Dang, D.H., & Suzuki, M. (2012). Reliability-based capacity design for reinforced concrete bridge structures. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 8(2), 125–1107. doi:10.1080/15732470903363313
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akiyama, M., Frangopol, D.M., Arai, M., & Koshimura, S. (2013). Reliability of bridges under tsunami hazard: Emphasis on the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake. Earthquake Spectra, 29(1_suppl), S295–S314.
   Google Scholar
• Akiyama, M., Frangopol, D.M., & Mizuno, K. (2014). Performance analysis of Tohoku-Shinkansen viaducts affected by the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 10(9), 1228–1247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akiyama, M., Frangopol, D.M., & Ishibashi, H. (2020). Toward life-cycle reliability-, risk-, and resilience-based design and assessment of bridges and bridge networks under independent and interacting hazards. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 16(1), 26–50. doi:10.1080/15732479.2019.1604770
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASCE. (2016). Minimum design loads and associated criteria for buildings and other structures. ASCE/SEI (pp. 7–16). Reston, VA: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Aydin, N.Y., Duzgun, H.S., Heinimann, H.R., Wenzel, F., & Gnyawali, K.R. (2018). Framework for improving the resilience and recovery of transportation networks under geohazard risks. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 31, 832–843. doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.07.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bocchini, P., & Frangopol, D.M. (2012). Restoration of bridge networks after an earthquake: Multicriteria intervention optimization. Earthquake Spectra, 28(2), 427–455. doi:10.1193/1.4000019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brito, M. B., Ishibashi, H., & Akiyama, M. (2019). Shaking table tests of a reinforced concrete bridge pier with a low‐cost sliding pendulum system. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 48(3), 366–386. doi:10.1002/eqe.3140
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brito, M. B., Akiyama, M., Ichikawa, Y., Yamaguchi, H., Honda, R., & Ishigaki, N. (2020). Bidirectional shaking table tests of a low‐cost friction sliding system with flat‐inclined surfaces. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 49(8), 817–837. doi:10.1002/eqe.3266
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruneau, M., Chang, S. E., Eguchi, R. T., Lee, G. C., O'Rourke, T. D., Reinhorn, A. M., … von Winterfeldt, D. (2003). A framework to quantitatively assess and enhance the seismic resilience of communities. Earthquake Spectra, 19(4), 733–752. doi:10.1193/1.1623497
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bureau of Public Roads. (1964). Traffic assignment manual. Washington, DC: Urban Planning Division, US Department of Commerce.
   Google Scholar
• Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. (2012a). Investigative commission on the modeling of giant earthquake caused by Nankai Trough earthquake: Modeling of seismic fault. Tokyo, Japan. Author. Retrieved from http://www.bousai.go.jp/jishin/nankai/model/pdf/20120829_2nd_report05.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. (2012b). Investigative commission on the modeling of giant earthquake caused by Nankai Trough earthquake: Modeling of tsunami fault. Tokyo, Japan. Author. Retrieved from http://www.bousai.go.jp/jishin/nankai/model/pdf/20120829_2nd_report01.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Capozzo, M., Rizzi, A., Cimellaro, G.P., Domaneschi, M., Barbosa, A., & Cox, D. (2019). Multi-hazard resilience assessment of a coastal community due to offshore earthquakes. Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 13(02), 1950008.
   Google Scholar
• Carey, T.J., Mason, H.B., Barbosa, A.R., & Scott, M.H. (2019). Multihazard earthquake and tsunami effects on soil-foundation-bridge systems. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 24(4), 04019004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Central Disaster Management Council. (2003). Study meeting for the Nankai Trough earthquake: Anticipated damage caused by Nankai trough earthquake. Tokyo, Japan. Author. Retrieved from http://www.bousai.go.jp/jishin/nankai/taisaku_wg/pdf/20130528_houkoku_s2.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Chang, S.E., Shinozuka, M., & Moore, J.E. (2000). Probabilistic earthquake scenarios: Extending risk analysis methodologies to spatially distributed systems. Earthquake Spectra, 16(3), 557–572. doi:10.1193/1.1586127
   Google Scholar
• Chock, G., Yu, G., Thio, H.K., & Lynett, P.J. (2016). Target structural reliability analysis for tsunami hydrodynamic loads of the ASCE 7 standard. Journal of Structural Engineering, 142(11), 04016092. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001499
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cimellaro, G. P., Reinhorn, A. M., & Bruneau, M. (2010). Framework for analytical quantification of disaster resilience. Engineering Structures, 32(11), 3639–3649. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.08.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coastal Development Institute of Technology. (2010). CADMAS-SURF/3D Research and development of numerical wave tank. Coastal Technology Library, 39, 1–235.
   Google Scholar
• Committee of Infrastructure Planning and management, Japan Society of Civil Engineers. (2006). Theory and application of road travel demand forecasting (Part II) Development of user equilibrium assignment model. Tokyo, Japan. Author.
   Google Scholar
• Dao, M.H., & Tkalich, P. (2007). Tsunami propagation modelling-a sensitivity study. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 7(6), 741–754. doi:10.5194/nhess-7-741-2007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decò, A., & Frangopol, D.M. (2011). Risk assessment of highway bridges under multiple hazards. Journal of Risk Research, 14(9), 1057–1089. doi:10.1080/13669877.2011.571789
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decò, A., Bocchini, P., & Frangopol, D.M. (2013). A probabilistic approach for the prediction of seismic resilience of bridges. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 42(10), 1469–1487. doi:10.1002/eqe.2282
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong, Y., & Frangopol, D.M. (2016). Probabilistic time dependent multihazard life cycle assessment and resilience of bridges considering climate change. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 30(5), 04016034. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000883
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong, Y., & Frangopol, D.M. (2017). Probabilistic assessment of an interdependent healthcare-bridge network system under seismic hazard. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 13(1), 160–170. doi:10.1080/15732479.2016.1198399
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frangopol, D.M., & Estes, A.C. (1997). Lifetime bridge maintenance strategies based on system reliability. Structural Engineering International, IABSE, 7(3), 193
   Google Scholar
  –198.
   Google Scholar
• Frangopol, D.M., & Das, P.C. (1999). Management of bridge stocks based on future reliability and maintenance costs. Current and Future Trends in Bridge Design, Construction, and Maintenance, P.C. Das, D.M. Frangopol, and A.S. Nowak, eds., The Institution of Civil Engineers, Thomas Telford, London, 45.
   Google Scholar
• Frangopol, D.M., & Bocchini, P. (2011). Resilience as optimization criterion for the bridge rehabilitation of a transportation network subject to earthquake. Proceedings of the ASCE Structures Congress, Las Vegas, Nevada, April 14–16; in Structures Congress 2011, D. Ames, D., T.L. Droessler, & M. Hoit, M., eds., ASCE, CD-ROM, 2044-2055. doi:10.1061/41171(401)178
   Google Scholar
• Goda, K., Campbell, G., Hulme, L., Ismael, B., Ke, L., Marsh, R., … Wilkinson, S. (2016). The 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes: Cascading geological hazards and compounding risks. Frontiers in Built Environment, 2(19), 1–23.
   Google Scholar
• Goda, K., Mori, N., & Yasuda, T. (2019). Rapid tsunami loss estimation using regional inundation hazard metrics derived from stochastic tsunami simulation. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 40, 101152. doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101152
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goto, C., Ogawa, Y., Shuto, N., & Imamura, F. (1997). Numerical method of tsunami simulation with the leap-frog scheme. IUGG/IOC Time Project. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides 35, UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• Goto, H., & Morikawa, H. (2012). Ground motion characteristics during the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake. Soil and Foundations, 52(5), 769–779.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, A., Liu, Z., Li, S., & Li, H. (2017). Seismic performance assessment of highway bridge networks considering post disaster traffic demand of a transportation system in emergency conditions. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 13(12), 1523–1537. doi:10.1080/15732479.2017.1299770
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashimoto, S., Abe, M., & Fujino, Y. (2005). Damage analysis of Hanshin Expressway viaducts during 1995 Kobe earthquake. III: Three-span continuous girder bridges. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 10(1), 61–68. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2005)10:1(61)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion. (2013). Long-term evaluation of Nankai trough earthquakes. Tokyo, Japan. Author. Retrieved from https://www.jishin.go.jp/regional_seismicity/rs_kaiko/k_nankai/
   Google Scholar
• Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion. (2017). Strong ground motion prediction method for earthquakes with specified source faults (“Recipe”). Tokyo, Japan. Author. https://www.jishin.go.jp/main/chousa/17_yosokuchizu/recipe.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Japan Road Association. (1964). Specification for steel highway bridges. Tokyo, Japan: Maruzen.
   Google Scholar
• Japan Road Association. (1996). Specification for highway bridges. Part V: Seismic design. Tokyo, Japan: Maruzen.
   Google Scholar
• Kawashima, K., Gregory, A.M., Hoshikuma, J., & Nagaya, K. (1998). Residual displacement response spectrum. Journal of Structural Engineering, 124(5), 523–530. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:5(523)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klise, K.A., Bynum, M., Moriarty, R., & Murray, R. (2017). A software framework for assessing the resilience of drinking water systems to disasters with an example earthquake case study. Environmental Modelling & Software: With Environment Data News, 95, 420–431. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.06.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotani, M., Imamura, F., & Shuto, N. (1998). Tsunami run-up simulation and damage estimation using GIS. Proceedings of Coastal Engineering, 45(2), 356–360 (in Japanese).
   Google Scholar
• Maeda, T., Okamoto, M., & Tanimura, Y. (2009). Evaluation method of deformation capacity for reinforced concrete retrofitted with steel jacketing. Proceedings of the Japan Concrete Institute, 31(2), 1087–1092 (in Japanese).
   Google Scholar
• Mechler, R. (2016). Reviewing estimates of the economic efficiency of disaster risk management: Opportunities and limitations of using risk-based cost–benefit analysis. Natural Hazards, 81(3), 2121–2147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mili, R.R., Hosseini, K.A., & Izadkhah, Y.O. (2018). Developing a holistic model for earthquake risk assessment and disaster management interventions in urban fabrics. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 27, 355–365.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan. (2018). Manual of cost-benefit analysis. Tokyo, Japan. Author. Retrieved from http://www.mlit.go.jp/road/ir/hyouka/plcy/kijun/ben-eki_h30_2.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Mori, Y., Miyatake, H., Kubo, T., & Inoue, G. (2016). Study on new restored technology for large-scale sediment disaster. Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. F4 (Construction and Management), 72(4), I_77–I_87 (in Japanese).
   Google Scholar
• National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan. (2007). Study on the policy for improving earthquake disaster management of road administrators. (Technical Note of National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, No. 357, pp. 49–51). Ibaraki, Japan. Author. http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/bcg/siryou/tnn/tnn0357pdf/ks0357020.pdf
   Google Scholar
• National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan. (2018). Essential points to construct overtopping-resistant coastal dike during tsunami. (Technical Note of National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, No. 1035, pp. 33–35). Ibaraki, Japan. Author. http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/bcg/siryou/tnn/tnn1035pdf/ks1035.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Nogami, Y., Murono, Y., & Sato, T. (2008). Nonlinear hysteresis model considering strength degradation by cyclic loading for RC members. Quarterly Report of RTRI, 49(4), 227–231. doi:10.2219/rtriqr.49.227
   Google Scholar
• Nojima, N., & Kato, H. (2013). Spatio-temporal analysis of traffic volumes on highway networks -Comparison of the Great East Japan earthquake disaster and the Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake disaster. Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. A1 (Structural Engineering & Earthquake Engineering), 69(4), I_121–I_133 (in Japanese).
   Google Scholar
• Okada, Y. (1985). Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 75(4), 1135–1154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohno, S., Ohta, T., Ikeura, T., & Takemura, M. (1993). Revision of attenuation formula considering the effect of fault size to evaluate strong motion spectra in near field. Tectonophysics, 218(1–3), 69–81. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(93)90260-Q
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, H., Alam, M.S., Cox, D.T., Barbosa, A.R., & van de Lindt, J.W. (2019). Probabilistic seismic and tsunami damage analysis (PSTDA) of the Cascadia Subduction Zone applied to Seaside. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 35, 101076. doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrone, C., Rossetto, T., Baiguera, M., De la Barra Bustamante, C., & Ioannou, I. (2020). Fragility functions for a reinforced concrete structure subjected to earthquake and tsunami in sequence. Engineering Structures, 205, 110120. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.110120
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, A. (2004). Defining and measuring economic resilience to disasters. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 13(4), 307–314.
   Google Scholar
• Schipper, E.L.F., Thomalla, F., Vulturius, G., Davis, M., & Johnson, K. (2016). Linking disaster risk reduction, climate change and development. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(2), 216–228. doi:10.1108/IJDRBE-03-2015-0014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinoda, M. (2007). Quasi-Monte Carlo simulation with low-discrepancy sequence for reinforced soil slopes. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 133(4), 393–404.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinoda, M., Miyata, Y., Yonezawa, T., & Hironaka, J. (2010). Seismic life cycle cost analysis of geosynthetics reinforced and unreinforced earth slope. Geosynthetics Engineering Journal, 25, 189–196 (in Japanese).
   Google Scholar
• Shiraki, N., Shinozuka, M., Moore, J.E., Chang, S.E., Kameda, H., & Tanaka, S. (2007). System risk curves: Probabilistic performance scenarios for highway networks subject to earthquake damage. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 13(1), 43–54. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2007)13:1(43)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoji, G., Fujino, Y., & Abe, M. (1997). Optimal allocation of earthquake-induced damage for elevated highway bridges. Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineer, 569(563), 79–94 (in Japanese).
   Google Scholar
• Shuto, N. (2001). Traffic hinderance after tsunamis. In G. T. Hebenstreit (Ed.), Tsunami research at the end of a critical decade (vol. 18, pp. 65–74). Dordrecht, Germany: Springer Science+Business Media.
   Google Scholar
• Si, H., & Midorikawa, S. (1999). New attenuation relationships for peak ground acceleration and velocity considering effects of fault type and site condition. Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ), 64(523), 63–70 (in Japanese).
   Google Scholar
• Stein, S.M., Young, G.K., Trent, R.E., & Pearson, D.R. (1999). Prioritizing scour vulnerable bridges using risk. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 5(3), 95–101. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(1999)5:3(95)
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, M.G., & Deng, X. (2015). Climate impact risks and climate adaptation engineering for built infrastructure. ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering, 1(1), 04014001. doi:10.1061/AJRUA6.0000809
   Google Scholar
• Subcommittee on Analysis of Damaged Bridge due to the Great East Japan Earthquake, Japan Society of Civil Engineers. (2015). Final report. Part II: Damage analysis due to tsunami pp. 1–391). Tokyo, Japan. Author.
   Google Scholar
• Sugawara, D., & Goto, K. (2012). Numerical modeling of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami in the offshore and onshore of Sendai Plain, Japan. Sedimentary Geology, 282, 110–123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabandeh, A., Gardoni, P., Murphy, C., & Myers, N. (2019). Societal risk and resilience analysis: Dynamic Bayesian Network formulation of a capability approach. ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering, 5(1), 04018046. doi:10.1061/AJRUA6.0000996
   Google Scholar
• Tokida, K., & Oda, K. (2009). Future views on seismic performance-based design, reinforcement and management of road embankment. Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu C, 65(4), 857–873 (in Japanese).
   Google Scholar
• Yang, S.-I., Frangopol, D. M., & Neves, L. C. (2006). Optimum maintenance strategy for deteriorating bridge structures based on lifetime functions. Engineering Structures, 28(2), 196–206. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.06.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, D. Y., & Frangopol, D. M. (2018). Risk-Informed Bridge Ranking at Project and Network Levels. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 24(3), 04018018 doi:10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000430.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, D.Y., & Frangopol, D.M. (2020). Life-cycle management of deteriorating bridge networks with network-level risk bounds and system reliability analysis. Structural Safety, 83, 101911. doi:10.1016/j.strusafe.2019.101911
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanweerasak, T., Pansuk, W., Akiyama, M., & Frangopol, D. M. (2018). Life-cycle reliability assessment of reinforced concrete bridges under multiple hazards. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 14(7), 1011–1024. doi:10.1080/15732479.2018.1437640.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yilmaz, T., Banerjee, S., & Johnson, P.A. (2016). Performance of two real-life california bridges under regional natural hazards. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 21(3), 04015063. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000827
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X., & Miller-Hooks, E. (2015). Scheduling short-term recovery activities to maximize transportation network resilience. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 29(6), 04014087. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000417
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, B., & Frangopol, D.M. (2016). Time-dependent risk assessment of bridges based on cumulative-time failure probability. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 21(12), 06016009. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000977
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar