2,388
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Climate dynamics and climate modelling

Effects of diabatic and adiabatic processes on relative humidity in a GCM, and relationship between mid-tropospheric vertical wind and cloud-forming and cloud-dissipating processes

, , &
Article: 1272753 | Received 14 Jun 2016, Accepted 25 Nov 2016, Published online: 18 Jan 2017

References

  • Bjerknes, J. 1919. On the structure of moving cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev. 47, 95–99. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1919)47<95:OTSOMC>2.0.CO;2.
  • Bony, S., Bellon, G., Klocke, D., Sherwood, S., Fermepin, S. and co-authors 2013. Robust direct effect of carbon dioxide on tropical circulation and regional precipitation. Nat. Geosci. 6, 447–451. DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1799.
  • Bony, S., Dufresne, J.-L., Le Treut, H., Morcrette, J.-J. and Senior, C. 2004. On dynamic and thermodynamic components of cloud changes. Clim. Dyn. 22, 71–86. DOI: 10.1007/s00382-003-0369-6.
  • Brinkop, S. and Roeckner, E. 1995. Sensitivity of a general-circulation model to parameterizations of cloud–turbulence interactions in the atmospheric boundary layer. Tellus A 47(2), 197–220. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1995.t01-1-00004.x.
  • Davies, L., Jakob, C., May, P., Kumar, V. V. and Xie, S. 2013. Relationships between the large-scale atmosphere and the small-scale convective state for Darwin, Australia. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 118, 11534–11545. DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50645.
  • Giorgetta, M. A., Roeckner, E., Mauritsen, T., Stevens, B., Bader, J. and co-authors. 2013: The Atmospheric General Circulation Model ECHAM6 – Model Description. Technical Report 135, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany. Online at: http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/fileadmin/publikationen/Reports/WEB_BzE_135.pdf
  • Govekar, P. D., Jakob, C. and Catto, J. 2014. The relationship between clouds and dynamics in southern hemisphere extratropical cyclones in the real world and a climate model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 119, 6609–6628. DOI: 10.1002/2013JD020699.
  • Gryspeerdt, E. and Stier, P. 2012. Regime-based analysis of aerosol-cloud interactions. Geophys. Res. Lett. 39(L21), 802. DOI: 10.1029/2012GL053221.
  • Gryspeerdt, E., Stier, P. and Partridge, D. G. 2014. Satellite observations of cloud regime development: the role of aerosol processes. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 14, 1141–1158. DOI: 10.5194/acp-14-1141-2014.
  • Howard, L. 1803. Essay on the Modifications of Clouds. John Churchill and Sons, London.
  • Iacono, M. J., Delamere, J. S., Mlawer, E. J., Shephard, M. W., Clough, S. A. and co-authors 2008. Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases: calculations with the AER radiative transfer models. J. Geophys. Res. 113(D13), 103. DOI: 10.1029/2008JD009944.
  • Jakob, C. and Tselioudis, G. 2003. Objective identification of cloud regimes in the Tropical Western Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30, 2082. DOI: 10.1029/2003GL018367.
  • Klein, S. and Hartmann, D. 1993. The seasonal cycle of low stratiform clouds. J. Climate 6, 1587–1606. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1587:TSCOLS>2.0.CO;2.
  • Lauer, A., Hamilton, K., Wang, Y., Phillips, V. T. J. and Bennartz, R. 2010. The impact of global warming on marine boundary layer clouds over the eastern Pacific–a regional model study. J. Climate 23(21), 5844–5863. DOI: 10.1175/2010JCLI3666.1.
  • Lohmann, U. and Roeckner, E. 1996. Design and performance of a new cloud microphysics scheme developed for the ECHAM general circulation model. Clim. Dynam. 12(8), 557–572. DOI: 10.1007/BF00207939.
  • Medeiros, B. and Stevens, B. 2011. Revealing differences in GCM representations of low clouds. Clim. Dyn. 36, 385–399. DOI: 10.1007/s00382-009-0694-5.
  • Miller, R. L. 1997. Tropical thermostats and low cloud cover. J. Climate 10, 409–440. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0409:TTALCC>2.0.CO;2.
  • Möbis, B. and Stevens, B. 2012. Factors controlling the position of the intertropical convergence zone on an aquaplanet. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. 4, M00A04. DOI: 10.1029/2012MS000199.
  • Morcrette, C. J. and Petch, J. C. 2010. Analysis of prognostic cloud scheme increments in a climate model. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. 136, 2061–2073. DOI: 10.1002/qj.720.
  • Mülmenstädt, J., Lubin, D., Russell, L. M. and Vogelmann, A. M. 2012. Cloud properties over the North Slope of Alaska: identifying the prevailing meteorological regimes. J. Climate 25(23), 8238–8258. DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00636.1.
  • Nam, C. C. W. and Quaas, J. 2013. Geographically versus dynamically defined boundary layer cloud regimes and their use to evaluate general circulation model cloud parameterizations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 40, 4951–4956. DOI: 10.1002/grl.50945.
  • Ogura, T., Emori, S., Webb, M. J., Tsushima, Y., Yokohata, T. and co-authors 2008. Towards understanding cloud response in atmospheric GCMs: the use of tendency diagnostics. J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan 86, 69–79. DOI: 10.2151/jmsj.86.69.
  • Oreopoulos, L., Cho, N., Lee, D., Kato, S. and Huffman, G. J. 2014. An examination of the nature of global MODIS cloud regimes. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 119, 8362–8383. DOI: 10.1002/2013JD021409.
  • Stevens, B. 2005. Atmospheric moist convection. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 33, 605–643. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122658.
  • Stevens, B. and Feingold, G. 2009. Untangling aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation in a buffered system. Nature 461, 607–613. DOI: 10.1038/nature08281.
  • Stevens, B., Giorgetta, M., Esch, M., Mauritsen, T., Crueger, T. and co-authors. 2013. Atmospheric component of the MPI-M Earth System Model: ECHAM6. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. 5, 146–172. DOI: 10.1002/jame.20015.
  • Su, W., Loeb, N. G., Xu, K., Schuster, G. L. and Eitzen, Z. A. 2010. An estimate of aerosol indirect effect from satellite measurements with concurrent meteorological analysis. J. Geophys. Res. 115(D18), 219. DOI: 10.1029/2010JD013948.
  • Taylor, K. E., Stouffer, R. J. and Meehl, G. A. 2012. An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 93, 485–498. DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1.
  • Tiedtke, M. 1989. A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models. Mon. Weather Rev. 117(8), 1779–1800. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<1779:ACMFSF>2.0.CO;2.
  • Tselioudis, G., Rossow, W., Zhang, Y. and Konsta, D. 2013. Global weather states and their properties from passive and active satellite cloud retrievals. J. Climate 26, 7734–7746. DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00024.1.
  • Williams, K. D. and Tselioudis, G. 2007. GCM intercomparison of global cloud regimes: present-day evaluation and climate change response. Clim. Dyn. 29, 231–250. DOI: 10.1007/s00382-007-0232-2.
  • WMO. 1975: International Cloud Atlas, Volume I – Manual on the Observation of Clouds and Other Meteors. Technical report, World Meteorological Organization. Online at: http://library.wmo.int/pmb_ged/wmo_407_en-v1.pdf
  • Wood, R. and Bretherton, C. S. 2006. On the relationship between stratiform low cloud cover and lower-tropospheric stability. J. Climate 19, 6425–6432. DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3988.1.