Should alcohol policies aim to reduce total alcohol consumption? New analyses of Canadian drinking patterns

References

• Adlaf E, Ialomiteanu A. Canadian Addiction Survey 2004. Microdata eGuide 2004, It can be accessed electronically at www.ccsa.ca, Ottawa; Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse
   Google Scholar
• Adlaf E, Rehm J. Survey design & methodology. Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, Ottawa 2005
   Google Scholar
• Babor T. Alcohol: No ordinary commodity: Research and public policy. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003; xiv: 290
   Google Scholar
• Bondy SJ, Rehm J, Ashley MJ, Walsh G, Single E, Room R. Low-risk drinking guidelines: The scientific evidence. Canadian Journal of Public Health 1999; 90: 264–270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canadian Centre for Substance Abuse. Canadian Addiction Survey 2004: Microdata eGuide. Canadian Centre for Substance Abuse, Ottawa 2004
   Google Scholar
• http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/about.htm, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2004. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System: About the BRFSS., U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta
   Google Scholar
• Cho YI, Johnson TP, Fendrich M. Monthly variations in self-reports of alcohol consumption. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 2001; 62: 268–272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gmel G, Klingemann S, Muller R, Brenner D. Revising the preventive paradox: The Swiss case. Addiction 2001; 96: 273–284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gmel G, Rehm J. Measuring alcohol consumption. Contemporary Drug Problems 2004; 31: 467–540
   Google Scholar
• Greenfield T, Graves K, Kaskutas L. Long-term effects of alcohol warning labels: Findings from a comparison of the United States and Ontario, Canada. Psychology & Marketing 1999; 16: 261–282
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenfield TK. Ways of measuring drinking patterns and the difference they make: Experience with graduated frequencies. Journal of Substance Abuse 2000; 12: 33–49
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Groves RM, Couper M. Nonresponse in household interview surveys. Wiley, New York 1998; xiii: 344
   Google Scholar
• Heather N. Brief interventions. The Essential Handbook of Treatment and Prevention of Alcohol Problems, TS Nick Heather. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester 2003; 117–138
   Google Scholar
• Kandel DB. The social demography of drug use. Milbank Q 1991; 69: 365–414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreitman N. Alcohol consumption and the preventive paradox. British Journal of Addiction 1986; 81: 353–363
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuo M, Adlaf EM, Lee H, Gliksman L, Demers A, Wechsler H. More Canadian students drink but American students drink more: Comparing college alcohol use in two countries. Addiction 2002; 97: 1583–1592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemmens P, Tan ES, Knibbe RA. Measuring quantity and frequency of drinking in a general population survey: a comparison of five indices. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 1992; 53: 476–486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemmens PH, Knibbe RA. Seasonal variation in survey and sales estimates of alcohol consumption. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 1993; 54: 157–163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macdonald S, Zhao J, Pakula B, Stockwell T. The relationship between alcohol consumption, dmeographics amd alcohol related outcomes in British Columbia. The 33rd annual alcohol epidemiology symposium of Kettil Bruun society. Budapest, Hungary 2007
   Google Scholar
• Midanik L. The validity of self-reported alcohol consumption and alcohol problems: a literature review. British Journal of Addiction 1982; 77: 357–382
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• National Health & Medical Research Council. Australian alcohol guidelines: Health risks and benefits. National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra 2001
   Google Scholar
• National Health & Medical Research Council. Australian alcohol guidelines: For low risk drinking, Draft for public consultation. National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra 2007
   Google Scholar
• Pernanan K. Validity of survey data on alcohol use. Research advances in alcohol & drug problems, RJ Gibbins, Y Israel, H Kalant, RE Pophan, W Schmidt, RG Smart. John Wiley, New York [etc.] 1974; 355–374
   Google Scholar
• Ramstedt M. Alcohol consumption and alcohol-related mortality in Canada, 1950–2000. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2004; 95: 121–126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rehm J, Baliunas D, Brochu S, Fischer B, Gnam W, Patra J, Popova S, Sarnocinska-Hart A, Taylor B. The costs of substance abuse in Canada 2002. Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, Ottawa 2006
   Google Scholar
• Room R. Measuring alcohol consumption in the U.S.: Methods and rationales. Research advances in alcohol and drug problems, LT Kozlowski, HM Annis, HD Cappell, FB Glaser, MS Goodstadt, Y Israel, et al. Plenum Press, New York 1990; 39–80
   Google Scholar
• Rossi PH. Down and out in America: The origins of homelessness. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1989; xi: 247
   Google Scholar
• http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=80881&T=F, SAS Institute. 2004. SAS/STAT 9.1 user's guide. Volume 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Skog O. Alcohol consumption and overall accident mortality in 14 European countries. Addiction 2001; 91: 35–47
   Google Scholar
• Skog O. Alcohol and the so-called prevention paradox: How does it look today?. Addiction 2006; 101: 155–158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. CCHS Mental Health and Wellbeing. Rep. -617-XIE. Statistics Canada, Ottawa 2003; 82
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. Sale and Control of Alcoholic beverages in Canada, 2006. Statistics Canada, Ottawa 2006
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. Sale and Control of Alcoholic beverages in Canada, 2006. Statistics Canada, Ottawa 2007
   Google Scholar
• Stockwell T. The appropriateness and efficacy of liquor licensing laws in Australia. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra 1995
   Google Scholar
• Stockwell T, Donath S, Cooper-Stanbury M, Chikritzhs T, Catalano P, Mateo C. Under-reporting of alcohol consumption in household surveys: A comparison of quantity-frequency, graduated-frequency and recent recall. Addiction 2004; 99: 1024–1033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockwell T, Hawks D, Lang E, Rydon P. Unravelling the preventive paradox for acute alcohol problems. Drug and Alcohol Review 1996; 15: 7–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockwell T, Leng J, Sturge J. Alcohol pricing and public health in Canada: Issues and opportunities. Centre for Addictions Research of BC, Victoria 2006
   Google Scholar
• Stockwell T, Zhao J, Chikritzhs T, Greenfield T. What did you drink yesterday? The use of recent recall questions in the 2004 Australian National drugs Strategy Household Survey to assess population level risk from alcohol. The 33rd annual alcohol epidemiology symposium of kettil bruun Society. Budapest, Hungary 2007
   Google Scholar
• Toumbourou JW, Stockwell T, Neighbors C, Marlatt GA, Sturge J, Rehm J. Interventions to reduce harm associated with adolescent substance use: An international review. The Lancet 2007; 369: 1391–1401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trinkoff AM, Ritter C, Anthony JC. The prevalence and self-reported consequences of cocaine use: An exploratory and descriptive analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 1990; 26: 217–225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations. Household surveys in developing and transition countries. United Nations, New York 2005; xxxv: 619
   Google Scholar
• WHO. International guidelines for monitoring alcohol consumption and related harm2nd. WHO, Geneva 2007
   Google Scholar
• Zhao J, Stockwell T, Macdonald S, submitted. Non-response bias in alcohol and drug population surveys
   Google Scholar