Malnutrition in the elderly residing in long-term care facilities: a cross sectional survey using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA®) screening tool

References

• World Health Organization. Definition of an older or elderly person. 2016. c2016-Available from: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/ageingdefnolder/en/
   Google Scholar
• Charlton KE, Kolbe-Alexander TL, Nel JH. The MNA, but not the DETERMINE, screening tool is a valid indicator of nutritional status in elderly Africans. Nutr. 2007;23(7–8):533–42.10.1016/j.nut.2007.04.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donini LM, Scardella P, Piombo L, et al. Malnutrition in elderly: social and economic determinants. J Nutr Heal Aging. 2013;17(1):9–15.10.1007/s12603-012-0374-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser MJ, Bauer JM, Rämsch C, et al. Frequency of malnutrition in older adults: a multinational perspective using the mini nutritional assessment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58(9):1734–38.10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03016.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolfes SR, Pinna K, Whitney E. Understanding normal and clinical nutrition. 10th ed.. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning; 2015. p. 537.
   Google Scholar
• Johansson Y, Bachrach-Lindström M, Carstensen J, et al. Malnutrition in a home-living older population: prevalence, incidence and risk factors. A prospective study. J Clin Nurs. 2008;18(9):1354–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal E, Miller M, Yaxley A, et al. Malnutrition in the elderly: A narrative review. Maturitas. 2013;76(4):296–302.10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.07.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saka B, Kaya O, Ozturk GB, et al. Malnutrition in the elderly and its relationship with other geriatric syndromes. Clin Nutr. 2010;29(6):745–8.10.1016/j.clnu.2010.04.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morley JE. Assessment of malnutrition in older persons: a focus on the mini nutritional assessment. J Nutr Health Aging. 2011;15(2):87–90.10.1007/s12603-011-0018-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soini H, Routasalo P, Lagström H. Characteristics of the mini-nutritional assessment in elderly home-care patients. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004;58(1):64–70.10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cereda E, Valzolgher L, Pedrolli C. Mini nutritional assessment is a good predictor of functional status in institutionalised elderly at risk of malnutrition. Clin Nutr. 2008;27(5):700–5.10.1016/j.clnu.2008.06.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guigoz Y. The mini nutritional assessment (MNA) review of the literature–What does it tell us? J Nutr Health Aging. 2006;10(6):466–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee R, Nieman D. Nutritional Assessment. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2013. pp. 166–209.
   Google Scholar
• Vellas B, Garry P, Guigoz Y. Mini nutritional assessment (MNA): research and practice in the elderly. Basel: Reinhardt Druck; 1999. p. 7.
   Google Scholar
• Winter JE, MacInnis RJ, Wattanapenpaiboon N, et al. BMI and all-cause mortality in older adults: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;99(4):875–90.10.3945/ajcn.113.068122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics South Africa. Mid-year population estimates. 2015. c2016-Available from: https://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0302/P03022015.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Oldewage-Theron W, Salami L, Zotor F, et al. Health status of an elderly population in Sharpeville, South Africa. HSAG. 2008;13(3):3–17.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics South Africa. Census 2011: profile of older persons in South Africa [homepage on the internet]. 2014. c2016-Available from: http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/Report-03-01-60/Report-03-01-602011.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Lombard A, Kruger E. Older persons: the case of South Africa. Ageing Int. 2009;34(3):119–35.10.1007/s12126-009-9044-5
   Google Scholar
• Lang I, Hubbard RE, Andrew MK, et al. Neighborhood deprivation, individual socioeconomic status, and frailty in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57(10):1776–80.10.1111/(ISSN)1532-5415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balia S, Jones AM. Mortality, lifestyle and socio-economic status. J Health Econ. 2008;27(1):1–26.10.1016/j.jhealeco.2007.03.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin CC, Rogot E, Johnson NJ, et al. A further study of life expectancy by socioeconomic factors in the National Longitudinal Mortality Study. Ethn Dis. 2003;13(2):240–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 10 facts on obesity. 2016. c2016-Available from: http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/obesity/facts/en/
   Google Scholar
• Bonnefoy M, Jauffret M, Kostka T, et al. Usefulness of calf circumference measurement in assessing the nutritional state of hospitalized elderly people. Gerontology. 2002;48(3):162–9.10.1159/000052836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai AC, Chang TL. The effectiveness of BMI, calf circumference and mid-arm circumference in predicting subsequent mortality risk in elderly Taiwanese. Br J Nutr. 2011;105(02):275–81.10.1017/S0007114510003429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neyens J, Halfens R, Spreeuwenberg M, et al. Malnutrition is associated with an increased risk of falls and impaired activity in elderly patients in Dutch residential long-term care (LTC): a cross-sectional study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2013;56(1):265–9.10.1016/j.archger.2012.08.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi NG, Ransom S, Wyllie RJ. Depression in older nursing home residents: the influence of nursing home environmental stressors, coping, and acceptance of group and individual therapy. Aging Ment Health. 2008;12(5):536–47.10.1080/13607860802343001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massey EB, Simpson TW, Ariail JC, et al. Polypharmacy: misleading, but manageable. 2008;3(2):383–9.
   Google Scholar
• Gómez C, Vega-Quiroga S, Bermejo-Pareja F, et al. Polypharmacy in the elderly: a marker of increased risk of mortality in a population-based prospective study (NEDICES). Gerontology. 2015;61(4):301–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schols JMG, Groot CPGM, Cammen TJM, et al. Preventing and treating dehydration in the elderly during periods of illness and warm weather. J Nutr Heal Aging. 2009;13(2):150–7.10.1007/s12603-009-0023-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wotton K, Crannitch K, Munt R. Prevalence, risk factors and strategies to prevent dehydration in older adults. Contemp Nurse. 2008;31(1):44–56.10.5172/conu.673.31.1.44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum JI, Wolfe RR. The link between dietary protein intake, skeletal muscle function and health in older adults. 2015:529–43. doi:10.3390/healthcare3030529.
   Google Scholar
• Viebig RF, Pastor-Valero M, Scazufca M, et al. Consumo de frutas e hortaliças por idosos de baixa renda na cidade de São Paulo. Revista de Saúde Pública 2009;43(5):806–13.10.1590/S0034-89102009005000048
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed T, Haboubi N. Assessment and management of nutrition in older people and its importance to health. Clin Interv Aging. 2010;5:207–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smoliner C, Norman K, Wagner K-H, et al. Malnutrition and depression in the institutionalised elderly. Br J Nutr. 2009;102(11):1663–7.10.1017/S0007114509990900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verbrugghe M, Beeckman D, Van Hecke A, et al. Malnutrition and associated factors in nursing home residents: A cross-sectional, multi-centre study. Clin Nutr. 2013;32(3):438–43.10.1016/j.clnu.2012.09.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimokoti RW, Hamer DH. Nutrition, health, and aging in sub-Saharan Africa. Nutr Rev. 2008;66(11):611–23.10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00113.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naidoo I, Charlton KE, Esterhuizen T, et al. High risk of malnutrition associated with depressive symptoms in older South Africans living in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a cross-sectional survey. J Heal Popul Nutr. 2015;33(19):1–8.10.1186/s41043-015-0030-0
   Google Scholar
• Milne C, Potter J, Vivanti A, et al. Protein and energy supplementation in older people at risk from malnutrition (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;2:1–144.
   Google Scholar
• Smoliner C, Norman K, Scheufele R, et al. Effects of food fortification on nutritional and functional status in frail elderly nursing home residents at risk of malnutrition. Nutr. 2008;24(11–12):1139–44.10.1016/j.nut.2008.06.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stange I, Poeschl K, Stehle P, et al. Screening for malnutrition in nursing home residents: comparison of different risk markers and their association to functional impairment. J Nutr Health Aging. 2013;17(4):357–63.10.1007/s12603-013-0021-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar