If you drink alcohol, drink sensibly: a food-based dietary guideline for the elderly in South Africa

References

• Vorster HH, Badham JB, Venter CS. An introduction to the revised food-based dietary guidelines for South Africa. SAJCN. 2013;26(3):S1–S164.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs L, Steyn N. Commentary: if you drink alcohol, drink sensibly: is this guideline still appropriate? Ethn Dis. 2013;23(1):110–115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Setlalentoa BM, Pisa PT, Thekisho GN, et al. The social aspects of alcohol misuse/abuse in South Africa. SAJCN. 2010;23(3)(Suppl 1)):S11–S15.
   Google Scholar
• Van Heerden IV, Parry CDH. If you drink alcohol, drink sensibly. SAJCN. 2001;14(3):S71–77.
   Google Scholar
• Gopane RE, Pisa PT, Vorster HH, et al. Relationships of alcohol intake with biological health outcomes in an African population in transition: the Transition and Health during Urbanisation in South Africa (THUSA) study. SAJCN. 2010;23(3)(Suppl 1)):S16–S21.
   Google Scholar
• Serfontein M, Venter C, Kruger A, et al. Alcohol intake and micronutrient density in a population in transition: the Transition and Health during Urbanisation in South Africa (THUSA) study. SAJCN. 2010;23(3)(Supplement 1)):S22–S28.
   Google Scholar
• Reddy SP, James S, Sewpaul R, et al. Umthente Uhlaba usamila - the 3rd South African National youth risk behaviour Survey 2011. Cape Town: South African Medical Research Council; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Morojele NK, Ramsoomar LL. Addressing adolescent alcohol use in South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2016;106(6):551–553.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moos RH, Schutte KK, Brennan PL. Older adults’ alcohol consumption and late-life drinking problems: a 20-year perspective. J Addict. 2009;104:1293–1302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore AA, Gould R, Reuben DB, et al. Longitudinal patterns and predictors of alcohol consumption in the United States. Am J Pub Health. 2005;95(3):458–465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodges I, Maskill C. Alcohol and older adults in New Zealand: A literature review. Wellington: Health Promotion Agency; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Lal R. Alcohol use among the elderly: issues and considerations. J Geriatr Ment Health. 2017;4(1):4–10.
   Google Scholar
• National Department of Health (NDoH), Statistics South Africa (Stats SA), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) & ICF. 2016. South Africa Health Survey Demographic and Health Survey - SADHS, 2016. [cited 15 Dec 2018]; Available from: https://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/Report%2003-00-09/Report%2003-00-092016.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Peltzer K, Phaswana-Mafuya N. Problem drinking and associated factors in older adults in South Africa. African J Psy. 2013;16(2):104–109.
   Google Scholar
• Rao R, Roche A. Substance misuse in older people. Br Med J. 2017;358:j3885, [Internet] [cited 15 Dec 2018]; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j3885.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelly S, Olanrewaju O, Cowan A, et al. Alcohol and older people: a systematic review of barriers, facilitators and context of drinking in older people and implications for intervention design. PLOS One. 2018;13(1):e0191189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarzinger M, Pollock BG, Hasan OS, et al. Contribution of alcohol use disorders to the burden of dementia in France 2008–13: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. The Lancet Pub Health. 2018;3(3):e124–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oslin DW. Treatment of late-life depression complicated by alcohol dependence. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005;13:491–500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Offsay J. Treatment of alcohol-related problems in the elderly. Ann Long Term Care. 2007;15:39–44.
   Google Scholar
• NIAAA Facts and Statistics [cited 03 Dec 2018]; Available from: https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/what-standard-drink.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Food based dietary guidelines in the WHO european region. Denmark: World Health Organization; 2003; (EUR/03/5045414).38 p.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Brief Intervention: For Hazardous and Harmful Drinking. 2001. [cited 03 Dec 2018]; Available from: http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/audit_sbi/en/
   Google Scholar
• Rehm J, Taylor B, Mohapatra S, et al. Alcohol as a risk factor for liver cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alc Rev. 2010;29:437–445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy SP, Panday S, Swart D, et al. Umthenthe Uhlaba usamila - The South African youth risk behaviour survey 2002. Cape Town: South African Medical Research Council; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Moore AA, Karno MP, Grella CE, et al. Alcohol, tobacco, and nonmedical drug use in older U.S. adults: data from the 2001/02 National Epidemiologic Survey of alcohol and related conditions. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57(12):2275–2281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arndt S, Clayton R, Schultz S. Trends in substance abuse treatment 1998–2008: increasing older adult first time admissions for illicit drugs. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011;19:704–711.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuerbis A, Sacco P, Blazer DG, et al. Substance abuse among older adults. Clin Geriatr Med. 2014;30(3):629–654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenig LB, Haber JR, Jacob T. Childhood religious affiliation and alcohol use and abuse across the lifespan in alcohol-dependent men. Psychol Addict Behav. 2011;25(3):381.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luczak SE, Prescott CA, Dalais C, et al. Religious factors associated with alcohol involvement: results from the Mauritian joint Child Health project. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;135:37–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sudhinaraset M, Wigglesworth C, Takeuchi DT. Social and cultural contexts of alcohol use: influences in a social-ecological framework. Alcohol Res. 2016;38(1):35–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Religious News Service - RNS. New South African church celebrates drinking alcohol. 2018. [cited 2019 Jan 15]; Available from: https://religionnews.com/2018/04/21/new-south-african-church-celebrates-drinking-alcohol/.
   Google Scholar
• Pittman DJ, Snyder CR. Society, culture, and drinking patterns. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc; 1962.
   Google Scholar
• Beigel A, Ghertner S. Toward a social model: an assessment of social factors which influence problem drinking and its treatment. In: Kissin B, Begleiter H, editor. Treatment and rehabilitation of the chronic alcoholic. New York: Plenum Press; 1977. p. 197–233.
   Google Scholar
• Greeley AM. Ethnic drinking subcultures. New York: Praegar Publishers; 1981.
   Google Scholar
• Mokgobi MG. Understanding traditional African healing. AJPHERD. 2014;20(2):24–34.
   Google Scholar
• Mangany JS, Buitendag J. A critical analysis on African traditional religion and the trinity. HTS Theol Stud. 2013;69(1):1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Shange N. Shembe religion’s integration of African traditional religion and Christianity: A sociological case study. 2014. [cited 10 Dec 2018]; Available from: doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.4177.8965.
   Google Scholar
• Anigbo OA. Palm wine as social processes: The igbo experience. Afr Marburgen. 1990;23:3–23.
   Google Scholar
• Obot IS, Room R. Alcohol, gender and drinking problems: perspectives from low and middle income countries. World Health Organization. Geneva. 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Lau-Barraco C, Braitman AL, Linden-Carmichael AN, et al. Differences in weekday versus weekend drinking among nonstudent emerging adults. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2016;24(2):100–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parry CD, Pluddemann A, Steyn K, et al. Alcohol use in South Africa: findings from the first Demographic and Health Survey (1998). J Stud Alc. 2005;66:91–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morojele N. Alcohol consumption, nutrition, cardiovascular disease and iron status in South Africa: implications for South Africa’s drinking guidelines. SAJCN. 2010;23(3):S2–S3.
   Google Scholar
• Peltzer K, Phaswana-Mafuya N. Depression and associated factors in older adults in South Africa. Glob Health Action. 2013;6(1):18871.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satre DD, Sterling SA, Mackin RS, et al. Patterns of alcohol and drug use among depressed older adults seeking outpatient psychiatric services. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011;19(8):695–703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danzo S, Connell AM, Stormshak EA. Associations between alcohol-use and depression symptoms in adolescence: Examining gender differences and pathways over time. J Adol. 2017;56:64–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis EC, Rotheram-Borus MJ, Weichle TW, et al. Patterns of alcohol abuse, depression, and intimate partner violence among township mothers in South Africa over 5 years. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(2):174–182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsey SE, Engler PA, Stein MD. Alcohol use among depressed patients: The need for assessment and intervention. Prof Psychol Res Pr. 2005;36(2):203–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Mental health – Depression: Let’s talk. 2017. [cited 10 Nov 2018]; Available from: https://www.who.int/mental_health/management/depression/en/.
   Google Scholar
• Capasso A, Jones AM, Ali SJ, et al. Increased alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic: The effect of mental health and age in a cross-sectional sample of social media users in the U.S. Prev Med. 2021;145:106422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akerlind I, Hörnquist JO. Loneliness and alcohol abuse: a review of evidences of an interplay. Soc Sc Med. 1992;34(4):405–414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phaswana-Mafuya N, Peltzer K. Prevalence of loneliness and associated factors among older adults in South Africa. Glob J Health Sc. 2017;9(12):1.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson I. Alcohol problems in older age: A review of recent epidemiological research. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2000;15:575–581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickens AP, Richards SH, Greaves CJ, et al. Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review. BMC Pub Health. 2011;11:647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canham SL, Mauro PM, Kaufmann CN, et al. Association of alcohol use and loneliness frequency among middle-aged and older adult drinkers. J Aging Health. 2016;28(2):267–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simone P, Michele R. Addressing loneliness in later life. Aging Mental Health. 2008;12(3):302–309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacLeod S, Musich S, Parikh RB, et al. Examining approaches to address loneliness and social isolation among older adults. J Aging Geriatr Med. 2018;2:1.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Global status report on alcohol and health. Geneva: Licence; 2018; CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. [cited 15 Dec 2018]; Available from: https://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/en/.
   Google Scholar
• Probst C, Parry CDH, Rehm J. HIV/AIDS mortality attributable to alcohol use in South Africa: a comparative risk assessment by socioeconomic status BMJ Open 2018;8:e017955. [cited 16 Dec 2018] Available from: doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017955.
   Google Scholar
• Abramson JL, Williams SA, Krumholz HM, et al. Moderate alcohol consumption and risk of heart failure among older persons. JAMA. 2001;285:1971–1977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryson CL, Mukamal KJ, Mittleman MA, et al. The association of alcohol consumption and incident heart failure. The cardiovascular Health study. J Am Coll Cardiology. 2006;48:305–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ana IB, Jenny FH, Michael FF, et al. Alcohol consumption and health among elders. Gerontologist. 2008;48(5):622–636.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore AA, Whiteman EJ, Ward KT. Risks of combined alcohol/medication use in older adults. Am J Ger Pharmacotherapy. 2007;5(1):64–74.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lieber CS. Hepatic, metabolic and toxic effects of ethanol: 1991 update. Alcoholism: Clin Exp Res. 1991;15:573–592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cederbaum AI. Alcohol metabolism. Clin Liver Dis. 2012;16(4):667–685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraser AG, Hudson M, Sawyer AM, et al. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1992;26:267–271.
   Google Scholar
• Yamada M, Yasuhara H. Clinical pharmacology of MAO inhibitors: safety and future. Neurotoxicology. 2004;25:215–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor B, Irving HM, Balliunas D, et al. Alcohol and hypertension: gender differences in dose-response relationship determined through systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction. 2009;104:1981–1990. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02694.x
   Google Scholar
• Puddey IB, Mori TA, Barden AE, et al. Alcohol and hypertension - New insights and lingering controversies. Curr Hypertension Reports. 2019;21:79. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/S11906-019-0984-1.
   Google Scholar
• McCulloch DK, Campbell IW, Prescott RJ, et al. Effect of alcohol intake on symptomatic peripheral neuropathy in diabetic men. Diab Care. 1980;3:245–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young RJ, McCulloch DK, Prescott RJ, et al. Alcohol: another risk factor for diabetic retinopathy? Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1984;288:1035–1037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murata C, Suzuki Y, Muramatsu T, et al. Inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 worsens glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who drink low to moderate amounts of alcohol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2000;24(suppl):5S–11S.
   Google Scholar
• Baliunas DO, Taylor BJ, Irving H, et al. Alcohol as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diab Care. 2009;32(11):2123–2132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed RL, Mooradian AD. Nutritional status and dietary management of elderly diabetic patients. Clin Geriatr Med. 1990;6(4):883–901.
   Google Scholar
• Werfalli M, Kassanjee R, Kalula S, et al. Diabetes in South African older adults: prevalence and impact on quality of life and functional disability - as assessed using SAGE wave 1 data. Glob Health Action. 2018;11(1):1449924.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly JP, Kaufman DW, Koff RS, et al. Alcohol consumption and the risk of major upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 1995;90:1058–1064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahattanadul S, Mustafa MW, Kuadkaew S, et al. Oral ulcer healing and anti-candida efficacy of an alcohol-free chitosan-curcumin mouthwash. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018 Oct 1;22(20):7020–7023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bujanda L. The effects of alcohol consumption upon the gastrointestinal tract. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:3374–3382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO, n.d). Regional Office of East Mediterranean. Regional data on noncommunicable diseases risk factors. [cited 08 Dec 2018]. Available from: http://www.emro.who.int/entity/ncds/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• Hay SI, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, et al. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1260–1344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar