References
- AGE-WELL. (2020). COVID-19 has significantly increased the use of many technologies amongst older Canadians: Poll. https://agewell-nce.ca/archives/10884
- Bardach, S., Rhodus, E., Parsons, K., & Gibson, A. (2020). Understanding older adults’ technology use during COVID-19 to support health and connection. Innovation in Aging, 4(1), 960–961. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3510
- Bengtson, V. L., Burgess, E. O., & Parrott, T. M. (1997). Theory, explanation, and a third generation of theoretical development in social gerontology. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 52B(2), S72–S88. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/52b.2.s72
- Brooke, J., & Jackson, D. (2020). Older people and COVID-19: Isolation, risk and ageism. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(13), 2044–2046. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15274
- Calman, L., Brunton, L., & Molassiotis, A. (2013). Developing longitudinal qualitative designs: Lessons learned and recommendations for health services research. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 13(1), 14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-13-14
- Chen, A. T., Ge, S., Cho, S., Teng, A. K., Chu, F., Demiris, G., & Zaslavsky, O. (2020). Reactions to COVID-19, information and technology use, and social connectedness among older adults with pre-frailty and frailty. Geriatric Nursing, 42(1), 188–195. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.08.001
- Chopik, W. J. (2016). The benefits of social technology use among older adults are mediated by reduced loneliness. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19(9), 551–556. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0151
- Cornwell, E. Y., & Waite, L. J. (2009). Social disconnectedness, perceived isolation, and health among older adults. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 50(1), 31–48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/002214650905000103
- Czaja, S. J., Boot, W. R., Charness, N., Rogers, W. A., & Sharit, J. (2018). Improving social support for older adults through technology: Findings from the PRISM randomized controlled trial. The Gerontologist, 58(3), 467–477. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnw249
- Damant, J., Knapp, M., Freddolino, P., & Lombard, D. (2017). Effects of digital engagement on the quality of life of older people. Health & Social Care in the Community, 25(6), 1679–1703. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12335
- Dattilo, J., Lorek, A. E., Mogle, J., Sliwinski, M., Freed, S., Frysinger, M., & Schuckers, S. (2015). Perceptions of leisure by older adults who attend senior centers. Leisure Sciences, 37(4), 373–390. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2015.1016563
- Delello, J. A., & McWhorter, R. R. (2017). Reducing the digital divide: Connecting older adults to iPad technology. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 36(1), 3–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464815589985
- DiMaggio, P., & Hargittai, E. (2001). From the ‘digital divide’ to ‘digital inequality’: Studying Internet use as penetration increases. Center for Arts and Cultural Policy Studies, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, 4(1). https://digitalinclusion.typepad.com/digital_inclusion/documentos/digitalinequality.pdf
- Dupuis, S. L., Kontos, P., Mitchell, G., Jonas-Simpson, C., & Gray, J. (2017). Liberating the arts from the therapy culture in dementia care. Innovation in Aging, 1(suppl_1), 72–73. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.300
- Eghtesadi, M. (2020). Breaking social isolation amidst COVID-19: A viewpoint on improving access to technology in long-term care facilities. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 68(5), 949–950. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16478
- Estes, C. L. (1999). The new political economy of aging: Introduction and critique. In M. Minkler, & C. L. Estes (Eds.), Critical gerontology (pp. 19–36). Baywood.
- Estes, C. L., Linkins, K. W., & Binney, E. A. (1996). The political economy of aging. In R. H. Binstock, & L. K. George (Eds.), Handbook of aging and the social sciences, 4th ed. (pp. 346–361). Academic Press.
- Forsman, A. K., & Nordmyr, J. (2017). Psychosocial links between internet use and mental health in later life: A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 36(12), 1471–1518. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464815595509
- Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison (translated). Alan Sheridan.
- Fraser, S., Lagacé, M., Bongué, B., Ndeye, N., Guyot, J., Bechard, L., Garcia, L., Taler, V., CCNA Social Inclusion and Sitgma Working Group, Adam, S., Beaulieu, M., Bergeron, C. D., Boudjemadi, V., Desmette, D., Donezzetti, A. R., Éthier, S., Garon, S., Gillis, M., Levasseur, M., … Tougas, F. (2020). Ageism and COVID-19: What does our society’s response say about us? Age and Ageing, 49(5), 692–695. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa097
- Friemel, T. (2016). The digital divide has grown old: Determinants of a digital divide among seniors. New Media & Society, 18(2), 313–331. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814538648
- Gallistl, V., & Nimrod, G. (2020). Media-based leisure and wellbeing: A study of older internet users. Leisure Studies, 39(2), 251–265. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2019.1694568
- Genoe, M. R. (2010). Leisure as resistance within the context of dementia. Leisure Studies, 29(3), 303–320. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02614361003720570
- Genoe, M. R., & Whyte, C. (2015). Confronting ageism through therapeutic recreation practice. Leisure/Loisir, 39(2), 235–252. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2015.1086583
- Genoe, R., Kulczycki, C., Marston, H., Freeman, S., Musselwhite, C., & Rutherford, H. (2018). E-leisure and older adults: Findings from an international exploratory study. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 52(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18666/TRJ-2018-V52-I1-8417
- Gentles, S. J., Charles, C., Ploeg, J., & McKibbon, K. A. (2015). Sampling in qualitative research: Insights from an overview of the methods literature. The Qualitative Report, 20(11), 1772–1789. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2015.2373
- Gonzales, A. (2016). The contemporary US digital divide: From initial access to technology maintenance. Information, Communication & Society, 19(2), 234–248. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1050438
- Guest, G., & MacQueen, K. M. (2008). Handbook for team-based qualitative research. Rowman & Littlefield.
- Hebblethwaite, S. (2016). The (in) visibility of older adults in digital leisure cultures. In S. Carnicelli, D. McGillivray, & G. McPherson (Eds.), Digital leisure cultures: Critical perspectives (pp. 106–118). Routledge.
- Henderson, K. A. (2014). The imperative of leisure justice research. Leisure Sciences, 36(4), 340–348. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2014.916971
- Heo, J., Chun, S., Lee, S., Lee, K. H., & Kim, J. (2015). Internet use and well-being in older adults. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(5), 268–272. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0549
- Jhaveri, K., Cohen, J. A., Barulich, M., Levin, A. O., Goyal, N., Loveday, T., Chesney, M. A., & Shumay, D. M. (2020). “Soup cans, brooms, and zoom:” rapid conversion of a cancer survivorship program to telehealth during COVID-19. Psycho-Oncology, 29(9), 1424–1426. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.5473
- Jones, I. R. (2015). Connectivity, digital technologies and later life. In J. Twigg, & W. Martin (Eds.), Routledge handbook of cultural gerontology (pp. 438–446). Routledge.
- Joyce, K., Loe, M., & Diamond-Brown, L. (2015). Science, technology and ageing. In J. Twigg, & W. Martin (Eds.), Routledge handbook of cultural gerontology (pp. 157–164). Routledge.
- Katz, S. (2014). What is age studies? Age Culture Humanities, 1(1), 17–23.
- Koch, T. (2006). Establishing rigour in qualitative research: The decision trail. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 53(1), 91–100. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01177.x
- Lee, E. S. (2011). The epistemology of the question of authenticity, in place of strategic essentialism. Hypatia, 26(2), 258–279. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2011.01165.x
- Loe, M. (2010). Doing it my way: Old women, technology and welling. Sociology of Health and Illness, 32(2), 319–334. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2009.01220.x
- McKeown, J. K., & Parry, D. C. (2019). First comes love, then comes marriage, then comes baby in the baby carriage? Exploring how women can use leisure as resistance to gendered ideologies. Leisure Studies, 38(2), 191–203. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2018.1553995
- McMullin, J. A. (2000). Diversity and the state of sociological aging theory. The Gerontologist, 40(5), 517–530. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/40.5.517
- Meisner, B. A. (2020). Are you OK, boomer? Intensification of ageism and intergenerational tensions on social media amid COVID-19. Leisure Sciences, 43(1–2), 56–61. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1773983
- Nguyen, M. H., Gruber, J., Fuchs, J., Marler, W., Hunsaker, A., & Hargittai, E. (2020). Changes in digital communication during the COVID-19 global pandemic: Implications for digital inequality and future research. Social Media+ Society, 6(3), 205630512094825. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120948255
- Nimrod, G., & Adoni, H. (2012). Conceptualizing e-leisure. Loisir et Société/Society and Leisure, 35(1), 31–56. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07053436.2012.10707834
- Russell, R. (2013). Pastimes: The context of contemporary leisure (5th ed.). Sagamore.
- Ryu, J., & Heo, J. (2018). Relationships between leisure activity types and well-being in older adults. Leisure Studies, 37(3), 331–342. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2017.1370007
- Saldaña, J. (2015). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Sage.
- Santini, Z. I., Jose, P. E., Cornwell, E. Y., Koyanagi, A., Nielsen, L., Hinrichsen, C., Meilstrup, C., Madsen, K. R., & Koushede, V. (2020). Social disconnectedness, perceived isolation, and symptoms of depression and anxiety among older Americans (NSHAP): A longitudinal mediation analysis. The Lancet Public Health, 5(1), e62–e70. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30230-0
- Schreurs, K., Quan-Haase, A., & Martin, K. (2017). Problematizing the digital literacy paradox in the context of older adults’ ICT use: Aging, media discourse, and self-determination. Canadian Journal of Communication, 42(2), 359–377. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2017v42n2a3130
- Seale, C., & Silverman, D. (1997). Ensuring rigour in qualitative research. European Journal of Public Health, 7(4), 379–384. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/7.4.379
- Seifert, A. (2020). The digital exclusion of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 63(6–7), 674–676. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2020.1764687
- Seifert, A., Cotten, S. R., & Xie, B. (2020). A double burden of exclusion? Digital and social exclusion of older adults in times of COVID-19. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(3), e99–e103. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa098
- Selwyn, N. (2004). Reconsidering political and popular understandings of the digital divide. New Media & Society, 6(3), 341–362. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444804042519
- Shaw, S. M. (2001). Conceptualizing resistance: Women's leisure as political practice. Journal of Leisure Research, 33(2), 186–201. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2001.11949937
- Sinclair, T. J., & Grieve, R. (2017). Facebook as a source of social connectedness in older adults. Computers in Human Behavior, 66, 363–369. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.10.003
- Spivak, G. (1996). Subaltern studies: Decon-structing historiography? In D. Landry, & G. MacLean (Eds.), The Spivak reader (pp. 203–237). Routledge.
- Theriault, D. (2014). Organized leisure experiences of LBGTQ youth: Resistance and oppression. Journal of Leisure Research, 46(4), 448–461. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2014.11950336
- Tyrrell, C. J., & Williams, K. N. (2020). The paradox of social distancing: Implications for older adults in the context of COVID-19. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(S1), S14–S16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000845
- UN General Assembly. (2016, June 27). The promotion, protection and enjoyment of human rights on the Internet. https://www.article19.org/data/files/Internet_Statement_Adopted.pdf
- Ward, D. J., Furber, C., Tierney, S., & Swallow, V. (2013). Using framework analysis in nursing research: A worked example. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69(11), 2423–2431. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12127
- Wearing, B. (1995). Leisure and resistance in an ageing society. Leisure Studies, 14(4), 263–279. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02614369500390201
- Winstead, V., Anderson, W. A., Yost, E. A., Cotten, S. R., Warr, A., & Berkowsky, R. W. (2013). You can teach an old dog new tricks: A qualitative analysis of how residents of senior living communities may use the web to overcome spatial and social barriers. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 32(5), 540–560. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464811431824
- Yamashita, T., Bardo, A. R., & Liu, D. (2019). Experienced subjective well-being during physically active and passive leisure time activities among adults aged 65 years and older. The Gerontologist, 59(4), 718–726. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny106