Soccer matches as a serious leisure activity: the effect on fans’ life satisfaction and psychological well-being

References

• Abercrombie, N., & Longhurst, B. J. (1998). Audiences: A sociological theory of performance and imagination. Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Ali, F., Kim, W. G., & Ryu, K. (2016). The effect of physical environment on passenger delight and satisfaction: Moderating effect of national identity. Tourism Management, 57, 213–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.06.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin, C., & Norris, P. (1999). Exploring the dimensions of serious leisure: “Love me, love my dog!”. Journal of Leisure Research, 31(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1999.11949848
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, C. A. (2007). The Carolina shaggers: Dance as serious leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 39(4), 623–647. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2007.11950125
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell, L. L. (2005). Leisure and health: Why is leisure therapeutic? British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 33(1), 7–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069880412331335939
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, E., Stebbins, R., & Packer, J. (2017). Serious leisure among older gardeners in Australia. Leisure Studies, 36(4), 505–518. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2016.1188137
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chin, W. W., Peterson, R. A., & Brown, P. S. (2008). Structural equation modelling in marketing: Some practical reminders. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 16(4), 287–298. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679160402
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah.
   Google Scholar
• Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1992). A first course in factor analysis (2nd ed.). Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dağlı, A., & Baysal, N. (2016). Yaşam doyumu ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Adaptation of the satisfaction with life scale into Turkish: The study of validity and reliability]. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(59), 1250–1262. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.263229
   Google Scholar
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life's domains. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 49(1), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/0708-5591.49.1.14
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E., & Lucas, R. E. (2000). Explaining differences in societal levels of happiness: Relative standards, need fulfillment, culture, and evaluation theory. Journal of Happiness Studies, 1(1), 41–78. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010076127199
   Google Scholar
• Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Biswas-Diener, R., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D., & Oishi, S. (2009). New measures of well-being. In A. C. Michalos, E. Diener, W. Galtzer, T. Moum, M. A. G. Sprangers, J. Vogel, & R. Veenhoven (Eds.), Assessing well-being: The collected works of Ed Diener (pp. 247–266). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilley, R. E., & Scraton, S. J. (2010). Women, climbing and serious leisure. Leisure Studies, 29(2), 125–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614360903401927
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabrigar, L. R., & Wegener, D. T. (2012). Exploratory factor analysis understanding statistics. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C., & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272–299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.4.3.272
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauvin, L., & Spence, J. C. (1996). Physical activity and psychological well-being: Knowledge base, current issues, and caveats. Nutrition Reviews, 54(4), S53–S65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1996.tb03899.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson, H., Willming, C., & Holdnak, A. (2002). “We're Gators … not just Gator fans”: Serious leisure and University of Florida football. Journal of Leisure Research, 34(4), 397–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2002.11949979
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gould, J., Moore, D., Karlin, N. J., Gaede, D. B., Walker, J., & Dotterweich, A. R. (2011). Measuring serious leisure in chess: Model confirmation and method bias. Leisure Sciences, 33(4), 332–340. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2011.583165
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gould, J., Moore, D., McGuire, F., & Stebbins, R. (2008). Development of the serious leisure inventory and measure. Journal of Leisure Research, 40(1), 47–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2008.11950132
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, B. C., & Jones, I. (2005). Serious leisure, social identity and sport tourism. Sport in Society, 8(2), 164–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/174304305001102010
   Google Scholar
• Guinn, B. (1999). Leisure behavior motivation and the life satisfaction of retired persons. Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 23(4), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1300/J016v23n04_02
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (17th ed.). Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heller, D., Watson, D., & Ilies, R. (2004). The role of person versus situation in life satisfaction: A critical examination. Psychological Bulletin, 130(4), 574–600. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heo, J., Ryu, J., Yang, H., & Kim, K. M. (2018). Serious leisure and depression in older adults: A study of pickleball players. Leisure Studies, 37(5), 561–573. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2018.1477977
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heo, J., Stebbins, R. A., Kim, J., & Lee, I. (2013). Serious leisure, life satisfaction, and health of older adults. Leisure Sciences, 35(1), 16–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2013.739871
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 30(2), 179–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, Y. H., Chiu, C. J., Wong, J. D., Lin, D. C., & Wray, L. A. (2018). The role of leisure activities in the relationship between marital transition in later midlife and psychological well-being trajectories. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 86(4), 327–346. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415017729683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huppert, F. A. (2009). Psychological well-being: Evidence regarding its causes and consequences. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 1(2), 137–164. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-0854.2009.01008.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Işık, U., Kalkavan, A., & Demirel, M. (2020). Ciddi Boş Zaman Ölçeği-Kısa Formu (18-Madde)’Nun Faktör Yapısının Türkiye Örneklemine Yönelik Sınanması: Geçerlik Ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Spormetre-The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 18(3), 136–145. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.693678
   Google Scholar
• Jones, I. (2000). A model of serious leisure identification: The case of football fandom. Leisure Studies, 19(4), 283–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614360050118841
   Google Scholar
• Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39(1), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291575
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J., Lee, S., Chun, S., Han, A., & Heo, J. (2017). The effects of leisure-time physical activity for optimism, life satisfaction, psychological well-being, and positive affect among older adults with loneliness. Annals of Leisure Research, 20(4), 406–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2016.1238308
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, E. Y., Yi, K. J., Walker, G. J., & Spence, J. C. (2017). Preferred leisure type, value orientations, and psychological well-being among East Asian youth. Leisure Sciences, 39(4), 355–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2016.1209139
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, K. J., & Hwang, S. (2018). Serious leisure qualities and subjective well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(1), 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1374437
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leversen, I., Danielsen, A. G., Birkeland, M. S., & Samdal, O. (2012). Basic psychological need satisfaction in leisure activities and adolescents’ life satisfaction. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41(12), 1588–1599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9776-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, J., Hsu, C. C., & Lin, C. T. (2019). Leisure participation behavior and psychological well-being of elderly adults: An empirical study of Tai Chi Chuan in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(18), 3387. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, R. (2019b). Monetizing serious leisure: A grounded study of fashion blogshops. Journal of Leisure Research, 51(1), 88–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2019.1633234
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, W. M. (2019a). Spectator sports and its role in the social marketing of national unity: Insights from a multiracial country. Journal of Leisure Research, 50(3), 260–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2019.1590139
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mastekaasa, A. (1992). Marriage and psychological well-being: Some evidence on selection into marriage. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54(4), 901–911. https://doi.org/10.2307/353171
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molina-García, J., Castillo, I., & Queralt, A. (2011). Leisure-time physical activity and psychological well-being in university students. Psychological Reports, 109(2), 453–460. https://doi.org/10.2466/06.10.13.PR0.109.5.453-460
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mvududu, N. H., & Sink, C. A. (2013). Factor analysis in counseling research and practice. Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation, 4(2), 75–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/2150137813494766
   Google Scholar
• Neal, J. D., Sirgy, M. J., & Uysal, M. (1999). The role of satisfaction with leisure travel/tourism services and experience in satisfaction with leisure life and overall life. Journal of Business Research, 44(3), 153–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(97)00197-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman, G. R., & Streiner, D. L. (1998). Biostatistics – the bare essentials. B.C. Decker Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Parker, M. D. (1996). The relationship between time spent by older adults in leisure activities and life satisfaction. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics, 14(3), 61–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/J148v14n03_05
   Google Scholar
• Passmore, A., & French, D. (2001). Development and administration of a measure to assess adolescents’ participation in leisure activities. Adolescence, 36(141), 67–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (2008). The satisfaction with life scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(2), 137–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701756946
   Google Scholar
• Peterson, C., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. (2005). Orientations to happiness and life satisfaction: The full life versus the empty life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6(1), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-004-1278-z
   Google Scholar
• Petty, R. E., Wegener, D. T., & Fabrigar, L. R. (1997). Attitudes and attitude change. Annual Review of Psychology, 48(1), 609–647. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.609
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu, Y., Tian, H., Lin, Y., & Zhou, W. (2020). Serious leisure qualities and participation behaviors of Chinese marathon runners. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 55(5), 526–543. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690218822303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragheb, M. G., & Griffith, C. A. (1982). The contribution of leisure participation and leisure satisfaction to life satisfaction of older persons. Journal of Leisure Research, 14(4), 295–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1982.11969527
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riddick, C. C. (1985). Life satisfaction determinants of older males and females. Leisure Sciences, 7(1), 47–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490408509512107
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141–166. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryff, C. D. (1995). Psychological well-being in adult life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4(4), 99–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772395
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryff, C. D. (2014). Psychological well-being revisited: Advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 83(1), 10–28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000353263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1996). Psychological well-being: Meaning, measurement, and implications for psychotherapy research. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 65(1), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.1159/000289026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C., & Hair, J. F. (2017). Partial least square structural equation modeling. In C. Homburg, M. Klarman, & A. Vomberg (Eds.), Handbook of market research (pp. 1–40). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Sato, M., Jordan, J. S., Funk, D. C., & Sachs, M. L. (2018). Running involvement and life satisfaction: The role of personality. Journal of Leisure Research, 49(1), 28–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2018.1425051
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato, M., Yoshida, M., Wakayoshi, K., & Shonk, D. J. (2017). Event satisfaction, leisure involvement and life satisfaction at a walking event: The mediating role of life domain satisfaction. Leisure Studies, 36(5), 605–617. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2016.1240221
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmiedeberg, C., & Schröder, J. (2017). Leisure activities and life satisfaction: An analysis with German panel data. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 12(1), 137–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-016-9458-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scully, D., Kremer, J., Meade, M. M., Graham, R., & Dudgeon, K. (1998). Physical exercise and psychological well being: A critical review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(2), 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.32.2.111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, K., & You, S. (2013). Leisure type, leisure satisfaction and adolescents’ psychological wellbeing. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 7(2), 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1017/prp.2013.6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegenthaler, K. L., & Gonzalez, G. L. (1997). Youth sports as serious leisure: A critique. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 21(3), 298–314. https://doi.org/10.1177/019372397021003006
   Google Scholar
• Sirgy, M. J., Kruger, P. S., Lee, D. J., & Yu, G. B. (2011). How does a travel trip affect tourists’ life satisfaction? Journal of Travel Research, 50(3), 261–275. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287510362784
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stebbins, R. A. (1982). Serious leisure: A conceptual statement. The Pacific Sociological Review, 25(2), 251–272. https://doi.org/10.2307/1388726
   Google Scholar
• Stebbins, R. A. (1997). Casual leisure: A conceptual statement. Leisure Studies, 16(1), 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/026143697375485
   Google Scholar
• Stebbins, R. A. (2008). Right leisure: Serious, casual, or project-based? NeuroRehabilitation, 23(4), 335–341. https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-2008-23407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stebbins, R. A. (2013). Planning your time in retirement: How to cultivate a leisure lifestyle to suit your needs and interests. Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2012). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Telef, B. B. (2013). Psikolojik iyi oluş ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [The adaptation of psychological well-being into Turkish: A validity and reliability study]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(28-3), 374–384.
   Google Scholar
• Tinsley, H. E., & Tinsley, D. J. (1987). Uses of factor analysis in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34(4), 414–424. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.34.4.414
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsaur, S. H., & Liang, Y. W. (2008). Serious leisure and recreation specialization. Leisure Sciences, 30(4), 325–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400802165115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, R. J. (1981). Social support as a contingency in psychological well-being. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22(4), 357–367. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136677
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velicer, W. F. (1976). Determining the number of components from the matrix of partial correlations. Psychometrika, 41(3), 321–327. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02293557
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, G. J., Halpenny, E., Spiers, A., & Deng, J. (2011). A prospective panel study of Chinese-Canadian immigrants’ leisure participation and leisure satisfaction. Leisure Sciences, 33(5), 349–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2011.606776
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westland, C. (2010). Lower bounds on sample size in structural equation modelling. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 9(6), 476–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2010.07.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winefield, H. R., Gill, T. K., Taylor, A. W., & Pilkington, R. M. (2012). Psychological well-being and psychological distress: Is it necessary to measure both? Psychology of Well-Being: Theory, Research and Practice, 2(3), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/2211-1522-2-3
   Google Scholar
• Yıldız, E. (2019). Marka faydasının marka tutumu ve satın alma niyeti üzerindeki etkileri [The effect of brand benefit on the brand attitude and purchase intention]. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 7(1), 153–167. https://doi.org/10.14514/BYK.m.26515393.2019.7/1.153-167
   Google Scholar
• Yoder, D. G. (1997). A model for commodity intensive serious leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 29(4), 407–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1997.11949806
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zika, S., & Chamberlain, K. (1992). On the relation between meaning in life and psychological well-being. British Journal of Psychology, 83(1), 133–145. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1992.tb02429.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar