399
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The magic of soccer: Transforming animosity into love (An empirical study of Arab fans and major European soccer leagues)

&
Pages 110-125 | Received 02 Aug 2015, Accepted 26 Jan 2016, Published online: 24 Feb 2016

References

  • Adorno, T., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D., & Sanford, R. (1950). The authoritarian personality. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
  • Al Ganideh, S. F., & Elahee, M. N. (2012). Arab spring and Jordanian consumers’ animosity toward foreign products: What managers need to know? Journal of Comparative International Management, 15, 86–102.
  • Al Ganideh, S. F., & Elahee, M. N. (2014). Understanding Arab consumers’ anti-Americanism: Antecedents and consequences: The case of Jordan. Journal of Competitiveness Studies, 22(1/2), 71–87.
  • Al Ganideh, S. F., & Good, L. K. (2015). Cheering for Spanish clubs: Team identification and fandom of foreign soccer clubs (the case of Arab fans). International Journal of Sport Psychology, 46(4), 348–368.
  • Ang, S., Jung, K., Leong, S., Pornpitakpan, C., & Tan, S. (2004). Animosity towards economic giants: What the little guys think. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 21, 190–207. doi:10.1108/07363760410534740
  • Armstrong, K. L. (2002). An examination of the social psychology of blacks’ consumption of sport. Journal of Sport Management, 16, 267–289.
  • Armstrong, K. L. (2008). Consumers of color and the “culture” of sport attendance: Exploratory insights. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 17, 218–231.
  • Armstrong, K. L., & Stratta, T. M. P. (2004). Market analyses of race and sport consumption. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 13, 7–16.
  • Bauer, H. H., Stokburger-Sauer, N. E., & Exler, S. (2008). Brand image and fan loyalty in professional team sport: A refined model and empirical assessment. Journal of Sport Management, 22, 205–226.
  • Bilefsky, D., & Fisher, I. (2006). Across Europe, worries on Islam spread to center. New York Times, 11, A1.
  • Bruning, E. R. (1997). Country of origin, national loyalty and product choice: The case of international air travel. International Marketing Review, 14(1), 59–74. doi:10.1108/02651339710159215
  • Bush, A. J., Martin, C. A., & Bush, V. D. (2004). Sports celebrity influence on the behavioral intentions of generation Y. Journal of Advertising Research, 44(1), 108–118. doi:10.1017/S0021849904040206
  • Chang, E. C., & Ritter, E. H. (1976). Ethnocentrism in black college students. The Journal of Social Psychology, 100, 89–98. doi:10.1080/00224545.1976.9711910
  • Couvelaere, V., & Richelieu, A. (2005). Brand strategy in professional sports: The case of French soccer teams. European Sport Management Quarterly, 5(1), 23–46. doi:10.1080/16184740500089524
  • Craig, C. S., & Douglas, S. P. (2005). International marketing research. Chichester: John Wiley.
  • Dietz-Uhler, B., Harrick, E. A., End, C., & Jacquemotte, L. (2000). Sex differences in sport fan behavior and reasons for being a sport fan. Journal of Sport Behavior, 23(3), 219–231.
  • D'Orazio, T., & Leo, M. (2010). A review of vision-based systems for soccer video analysis. Pattern Recognition, 43(8), 2911–2926. doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2010.03.009
  • Eliasson, K. (2009). The European football market, globalization and mobility among players. Soccer & Society, 10(3–4), 386–397. doi:10.1080/14660970902771449
  • Ettenson, R., & Klein, J. (2005). The fallout from French nuclear testing in the South Pacific: A longitudinal study of consumer boycotts. International Marketing Review, 22, 199–224. doi:10.1108/02651330510593278
  • Fisher, R. J. (1998). Group-derived consumption: The role of similarity and attractiveness in identification with a favorite sports team. Advances in Consumer Research, 25(1), 283–288.
  • Funk, D. C., & James, J. D. (2006). Consumer loyalty: The meaning of attachment in the development of sport team allegiance. Journal of Sport Management, 20, 189–217.
  • Furia, P. A., & Lucas, R. E. (2008). Arab Muslim attitudes toward the west: Cultural, social, and political explanations. International Interactions, 34(2), 186–207. doi:10.1080/03050620802168797
  • Giulianotti, R., & Robertson, R. (2004). The globalization of football: A study in the glocalization of the “serious life”. The British Journal of Sociology, 55(4), 545–568. doi:10.1111/j.1468-4446.2004.00037.x
  • Gulf News. (2013a, June 15). We want to bring Spain 6000 km closer: Fernando Sanz. Gulf News. Retrieved from http://gulfnews.com/
  • Gulf News. (2013b, July 16). Al Jazeera sport acquires Barclays Premier League's rights for Mena region. Gulf News. Retrieved from http://gulfnews.com/
  • Gulf News. (2014, December 16). Juventus, Napoli to arrive on Friday for Super Cup tie. Gulf News. Retrieved from http://gulfnews.com/
  • Hammond, A. (2014, May 29). La Liga open first Mena office in Dubai. Gulf News. Retrieved from http://gulfnews.com/
  • Hammond, R. A., & Axelrod, R. (2006). The evolution of ethnocentrism. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 50, 926–936. doi:10.1177/0022002706293470
  • Hare, G. (2003). Football in France: A cultural history. Oxford: Berg.
  • Hassan, D., & O'Kane, P. (2012). Terrorism and the abnormality of sport in Northern Ireland. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 47(3), 397–413. doi:10.1177/1012690211433483
  • Hay, R. (1998). Croatia: Community, conflict and culture: The role of soccer clubs in migrant identity. Immigrants & Minorities, 17(1), 49–66. doi:10.1080/02619288.1998.9974928
  • Johnson, A. T. (1993). Rethinking the sport-city relationship: In search of partnership. Journal of Sport Management, 7, 61–70.
  • Jordan Department of Statistics (JDOS). (2012). Jordan in figures. Amman: Jordan Government Publications.
  • The Jordan Times. (2012, Aug 22). Fans scramble for merchandise in anticipation of El Clásico. The Jordan Times. Retrieved from http://jordantimes.com/
  • The Jordan Times. (2014, April, 16). El-Clasico match drives many Jordanians to upgrade beIN TV subscription. The Jordan Times. Retrieved from http://Jordantimes.com/
  • Kerstetter, D. L., & Koovich, G. M. (1997). An involvement profile of division I women's basketball spectators. Journal of Sport Management, 11(3), 234–249.
  • Klein, J. G. (2002). Us versus them, or us versus everyone? Delineating consumer aversion to foreign goods. Journal of International Business Studies, 33, 345–363. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8491020
  • Klein, J. G., Ettenson, R., & Morris, M. (1998). The animosity model of foreign product purchase: An empirical test in the People's Republic of China. Journal of Marketing, 62, 89–100. doi:10.2307/1251805
  • Kymlicka, W., & Banting, K. (2006). Immigration, multiculturalism, and the welfare state. Ethics & International Affairs, 20(3), 281–304. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-7093.2006.00027.x
  • Levine, R. A., & Campbell, D. T. (1972). Ethnocentrism: Theories of conflict, ethnic attitudes, and group behavior. New York, NY: John Wiley.
  • Melnick, M. J., & Wann, D. L. (2004). Sport fandom influences, interests and behaviors among Norwegian university students. International Sports Journal, Winter, 8(1), 1–13.
  • Mitchell, K. (2004). Geographies of identity: Multiculturalism unplugged. Progress in Human Geography, 28, 641–651. doi:10.1191/0309132504ph510pr
  • Myers, M. (2011). The effects of redistributive conflicts on immigrants. Forum on Public Policy: A Journal of the Oxford Round Table, 2, 1–17.
  • Nadeau, J., Jones, D. F., Pegoraro, A., O'Reilly, N., & Carvalho, P. (2011). Racial-ethnic team-market congruency in professional sport. Journal of Sport Management, 25, 169–180.
  • Nauright, J. (2004). Global games: Culture, political economy and sport in the globalized world of the twenty first century. Third World Quarterly, 25, 1325–1336. doi:10.1080/014365904200281302
  • Nielsen, J., & Spence, M. (1997). A test of the stability of the CETSACLE, a measure of consumers’ ethnocentric tendencies. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 5, 68–76. doi: 10.1080/10696679.1997.11501781
  • Nijssen, E., & Douglas, S. (2004). Examining the animosity model in a country with a high level of foreign trade. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21, 23–38. doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2003.05.001
  • Park, S. H., Mahony, D. F., & Greenwell, T. C. (2010). The measurement of sport fan exploratory curiosity. Journal of Sport Management, 24, 434–455.
  • Partridge, J. A., Wann, D. L., & Elison, J. (2010). Understanding college sport fans’ experiences of and attempts to cope with shame. Journal of Sport Behavior, 33, 160–175.
  • Potter, R. F., & Keene, J. R. (2012). The effect of sports fan identification on the cognitive processing of sports news. International Journal of Sport Communication, 5(3), 348–367.
  • Raza, S. (2013). Italian Colonisation & Libyan Resistance the Al-Sanusi of Cyrenaica (1911–1922). OGIRISI: A New Journal of African Studies, 9(1), 1–43. doi:10.4314/og.v9i1.1
  • Regueiro, M., Garcia-Bertrand, R., Fadhlaoui-Zid, K., Álvarez, J., & Herrera, R. J. (2015). From Arabia to Iberia: AY chromosome perspective. Gene, 564(2), 141–152. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2015.02.042
  • Reysen, S., & Branscombe, N. R. (2010). Fanship and fandom: Comparisons between sport and non-sport fans. Journal of Sport Behavior, 33(2), 176–193.
  • Richelieu, A., & Desbordes, M. (2009). Football teams going international: The strategic leverage of branding. Journal of Sponsorship, 3, 10–22.
  • Rocca, K. A., & Vogl-Bauer, S. (1999). Trait verbal aggression, sports fan identification, and perceptions of appropriate sports fan communication. Communication Research Reports, 16(3), 239–248. doi:10.1080/08824099909388723
  • Rose, M., Rose, G., & Shoham, A. (2010). The impact of consumer animosity on attitudes towards foreign goods: A study of Jewish and Arab Israelis. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 26, 330–339. doi:10.1108/07363760910976583
  • Schinke, R. J., Stambulova, N. R., Lidor, R., Papaioannou, A., & Ryba, T. V. (2015). ISSP position stand: Social missions through sport and exercise psychology. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1–19. doi: 10.1080/1612197X.2015.1041544
  • Schulenkorf, N., Thomson, A., & Schlenker, K. (2011). Intercommunity sport events: Vehicles and catalysts for social capital in divided societies. Event Management, 15(2), 105–119. doi:10.3727/152599511X13082349958316
  • Shimp, T., Dunn, T., & Klein, J. (2004). Remnants of the U.S civil war and modern consumer behavior. Psychology and Marketing, 21, 75–91. doi:10.1002/mar.10116
  • Shimp, T., & Sharma, S. (1987). Consumer ethnocentrism: Construction and validation of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research, 24, 280–289. doi:10.2307/3151638
  • Shmuel, N. (2009). The rules of the game – nationalism, globalization and football in Spain: Barca and Bilbao in a comparative perspective. Global Society, 23, 245–268. doi:10.1080/13600820902958014
  • Shobe, H. (2008). Place, identity and football: Catalonia, Catalanisme and Football Club Barcelona, 1899–1975. National Identities, 10(3), 329–343. doi:10.1080/14608940802249965
  • Shoham, A., Davidow, M., Klein, J. G., & Ruvio, A. (2006). Animosity on the home front: The intifada in Israel and its impact on consumer behavior. Journal of International Marketing, 14, 92–114. doi:10.1509/jimk.14.3.92
  • Stølen, T., Chamari, K., Castagna, C., & Wisløff, U. (2005). Physiology of soccer. Sports Medicine, 35(6), 501–536. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200535060-00004
  • Sugden, J. (2010). Critical left-realism and sport interventions in divided societies. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 45(3), 258–272. doi:10.1177/1012690210374525
  • Sumner, W. G. (1906). A study of the sociological importance of usages, manners, customs, mores and morals. New York, NY: Ginn.
  • Theodorakis, N. D., Wann, D. L., Carvalho, M., & Sarmento, P. (2010). Translation and initial validation of the Portuguese version of the sport spectator identification scale. North American Journal of Psychology, 12, 67–80.
  • Thibault, L. (2009). Globalization of sport: An inconvenient truth. Journal of Sport Management, 23, 1–20.
  • Tiessen, R. (2011). Global subjects or objects of globalization? The promotion of global citizenship in organisations offering sport for development and/or peace programs. Third World Quarterly, 32, 571–587. doi:10.1080/01436597.2011.573946
  • Vincent, J., Hill, J. S., & Lee, J. W. (2009). The multiple brand personalities of David Beckham: A case study of the Beckham brand. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 2009, 18, 173–180.
  • Wann, D. I., & Courtney, J. J. (2010). The relationship between sport fan dysfunction and bullying behaviors. North American Journal of Psychology, 12, 191–198.
  • Wann, D. I., Koch, K., Knoth, T., Fox, D., Aljubaily, H., & Lantz, C. D. (2006). The impact of team identification on biased predictions of player performance. The Psychological Record, 56, 55–66.
  • Wann, D. L. (1994). The “noble” sports fan: The relationships between team identification, self-esteem, and aggression. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 78, 864–866. doi:10.2466/pms.1994.78.3.864
  • Wann, D. L. (2002). Preliminary validation of a measure for assessing identification as a sport fan: The sport fandom questionnaire. International Journal of Sport Management, 3, 103–115.
  • Wann, D. L. (2006). Understanding the positive social psychological benefits of sport team identification: The team identification – social psychological health model. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 10, 272–296. doi: 10.1037/1089-2699.10.4.272
  • Wann, D. L., Allen, B., & Rochelle, A. R. (2004). Using sport fandom as an escape: Searching for relief from under-stimulation and over-stimulation. International Sports Journal, 8, 104–113.
  • Wann, D. L., & Branscombe, N. R. (1993). Sports fans: Measuring degree of identification with their team. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24, 1–17.
  • Wann, D. L., & Grieve, F. G. (2005). Biased evaluations of in-group and out-group spectator behavior at sporting events: The importance of team identification and threats to social identity. The Journal of Social Psychology, 145, 531–546. doi: 10.3200/SOCP.145.5.531-546
  • Wann, D. L., Melnick, M. J., Russell, G. W., & Pease, D. G. (2001). Sport fans: The psychology and social impact of spectators. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Wann, D. L., Morriss-Shirkey, P. A., Peters, E. J., & Suggs, W. L. (2002). Highly identified sport fans and their conflict between expression of sport knowledge and biased assessments of team performance. International Sports Journal, 6, 153–159.
  • Wann, D. L., & Stephanie, P. (2003). Measuring sport team identification and commitment: An empirical comparison of the sport spectator identification scale and the psychological commitment to team scale. North American Journal of Psychology, 5, 365–372.
  • Wann, D. L., & Weaver, S. (2009). Understanding the relationship between sport team identification and dimensions of social well-being. North American Journal of Psychology, 11, 219–230.
  • Wann, D. L., & Zaichkowsky, L. (2009). Sport team identification and belief in team curses: The case of the Boston Red Sox and the curse of the Bambino. Journal of Sport Behavior, 32, 489–502.
  • Wilsey, S. (2006). The beautiful game: Why soccer rules the world. National Geographic, 209, 42–49.
  • Wood, V. R., & Darling, J. R. (1993). The marketing challenges of the newly independent republics: Product competitiveness in global markets. Journal of International Marketing, 1, 77–102.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.