The effect of mental skills training on competitive anxiety in schoolboy rugby players

References

• Balyi, I., & Hamilton, A. (2004). Long-term athlete development: Trainability in childhood and adolescence. Olympic Coach, 16(1), 4–9.
   Google Scholar
• Behncke, L. (2004). Mental skills training for sports: A brief review. Online J Sport Psychol, 6(1), 1–24.
   Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. doi: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Burton, D. (1988). Do anxious swimmers swim slower? Reexamining the elusive anxiety–performance relationship. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10(1), 45–61. doi: 10.1123/jsep.10.1.45
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn, J. G. H., & Syrotuik, D. G. (2003). An investigation of multidimensional worry dispositions in a high contact sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 4(3), 265–282. doi: 10.1016/S1469-0292(02)00005-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher, D., & Hanton, S. (2001). The relationship between psychological skills usage and competitive anxiety responses. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2(2), 89–101. doi: 10.1016/S1469-0292(00)00014-5
   Google Scholar
• Gee, C. J. (2010). How does sport psychology actually improve athletic performance? A framework to facilitate athletes’ and coaches’ understanding. Behavior Modification, 34(5), 386–402. doi: 10.1177/0145445510383525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanton, S., Jones, G., & Mullen, R. (2000). Intensity and direction of competitive state anxiety as interpreted by rugby players and rifle shooters. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 90(2), 513–521. doi: 10.2466/pms.2000.90.2.513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellstedt, J. C. (1987). Sport psychology at a ski academy: Teaching mental skills to young athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 1, 56–68. doi: 10.1123/tsp.1.1.56
   Google Scholar
• Hill, D. M., Hanton, S., Matthews, N., & Fleming, S. (2010). Choking in sport: A review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 3(1), 24–39. doi: 10.1080/17509840903301199
   Google Scholar
• Hill, D. M., & Shaw, G. (2013). A qualitative examination of choking under pressure in team sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(1), 103–110. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.07.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holland, M. J., Woodcock, C., Cumming, J., & Duda, J. L. (2010). Mental qualities and employed mental techniques of young elite team sport athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 4, 19–38. doi: 10.1123/jcsp.4.1.19
   Google Scholar
• Jones, G. (1995). More than just a game: Research developments and issues in competitive anxiety in sport. British Journal of Psychology, 86(4), 449–478. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1995.tb02565.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, G., & Hanton, S. (1996). Interpretation of competitive anxiety symptoms and goal attainment expectancies. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18, 144–157. doi: 10.1123/jsep.18.2.144
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, G., Hanton, S., & Swain, A. (1994). Intensity and interpretation of anxiety symptoms in elite and non-elite sports performers. Personality and Individual Differences, 17(5), 657–663. doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(94)90138-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, G., & Swain, A. (1992). Intensity and direction dimensions of competitive state anxiety and relationships with competitiveness. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 74, 467–472. doi: 10.2466/pms.1992.74.2.467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, G., Swain, A., & Hardy, L. (1993). Intensity and direction dimensions of competitive state anxiety and relationships with performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 11(6), 525–532. doi: 10.1080/02640419308730023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, M. (2003). Controlling emotions in sport. The Sport Psychologist, 17, 471–486. doi: 10.1123/tsp.17.4.471
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane, A. M., Harwood, C., Terry, P. C., & Karageorghis, C. I. (2004). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS) among adolescent athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 22(9), 803–812. doi: 10.1080/02640410410001716689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• London 2012: Olympics and Paralympics £528 m under budget. (2013, July 19). BBC Sport. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/olympics/20041426.
   Google Scholar
• Mamassis, G., & Doganis, G. (2004). The effects of a mental training program on juniors pre-competitive anxiety, self-confidence, and tennis performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16(2), 118–137. doi: 10.1080/10413200490437903
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martens, R., Burton, D., Vealey, R. S., Bump, L. A., & Smith, D. E. (1990). Development and validation of the competitive state anxiety inventory-2 (CSAI-2). In R. Martens, R. S. Vealey, & D. Burton (Eds.), Competitive anxiety in sport (pp. 117–213). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Martin, S. B. (2005). High school and college athletes’ attitudes toward sport psychology consulting. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17(2), 127–139. doi: 10.1080/10413200590932434
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, S. B., Kellmann, M., Lavallee, D., & Page, S. J. (2002). Development and psychometric evaluation of the sport psychology attitudes--Revised form: A multiple group investigation. Sport Psychologist, 16(3), 272–290. doi: 10.1123/tsp.16.3.272
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy, P. J., Jones, M. V., Harwood, C. G., & Olivier, S. (2010). What do young athletes implicitly understand about psychological skills? Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 4(2), 158–172. doi: 10.1123/jcsp.4.2.158
   Google Scholar
• Mellalieu, S. D., Hanton, S., & O'Brien, M. (2004). Intensity and direction of competitive anxiety as a function of sport type and experience. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 14(5), 326–334. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2004.00389.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullen, R., & Hardy, L. (2000). State anxiety and motor performance: Testing the conscious processing hypothesis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(10), 785–799. doi: 10.1080/026404100419847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neil, R., Mellalieu, S. D., & Hanton, S. (2006). Psychological skills usage and the competitive anxiety response as a function of skill level in rugby union. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 5(3), 415–423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholls, A. R., Jones, C. R., Polman, R. C. J., & Borkoles, E. (2009). Acute sport related stressors, coping, and emotion among professional rugby union players during training and matches. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 19(1), 113–120. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00772.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prapavessis, H., & Carron, A. V. (1996). The effect of group cohesion on competitive state anxiety. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18, 64–74. doi: 10.1123/jsep.18.1.64
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robazza, C., & Bortoli, L. (2007). Perceived impact of anger and anxiety on sporting performance in rugby players. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(6), 875–896. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.07.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scanlan, T. K., Carpenter, P. J., Lobel, M., & Simons, J. P. (1993). Sources of enjoyment for youth sport athletes. Pediatric Exercise Science, 5(3), 275–285. doi: 10.1123/pes.5.3.275
   Google Scholar
• Scanlan, T. K., & Passer, M. W. (1977). Factors related to competitive stress among male youth sport participants. Medicine and Science in Sports, 10(2), 103–108.
   Google Scholar
• Sponsorship Intelligence. (2012, December). London Olympic Games: Global broadcast report. Retrieved from http://www.olympic.org/Documents/IOC_Marketing/Broadcasting/London_2012_Global_%20Broadcast_Report.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, P.R., Murphy, S.M. and Hardy, L. (1999). Test of performance strategies: Development and preliminary validation of comprehensive measure of athletes’ psychological skills. Journal of Sports Sciences, 17, 697–711. doi: 10.1080/026404199365560
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Totterdell, P. (2000). Catching moods and hitting runs: Mood linkage and subjective performance in professional sport teams. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(6), 848–859. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.85.6.848
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vadoa, E. A., Hall, C. R., & Moritz, S. E. (1997). The relationship between competitive anxiety and imagery use. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 9(2), 241–253. doi: 10.1080/10413209708406485
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vealey, R. S. (1988). Future directions in psychological skills training. The Sport Psychologist, 2(4), 318–336. doi: 10.1123/tsp.2.4.318
   Google Scholar
• Wrisberg, C. A., & Anshel, M. H. (1989). The effect of cognitive strategies on the free throw shooting performance of young athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 3(2), 95–104. doi: 10.1123/tsp.3.2.95
   Google Scholar