Psychological and situational determinants of burnout in adolescent athletes

References

• Adie, J. W., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2012). Perceived coach-autonomy support, basic need satisfaction and the well-and ill-being of elite youth soccer players: A longitudinal investigation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13, 51–59. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.07.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, J. D., Collins, R. L., & Schmidt, G. W. (1988). Self-esteem and direct versus indirect forms of self-enhancement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(3), 445–453. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.55.3.445.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budgett, R. (1998). Fatigue and underperformance in athletes: The overtraining syndrome. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 32, 107–110. doi:10.1136/bjsm.32.2.107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coakley, J. (1992). Burnout among adolescent athletes: A personal failure or social problem? Sociology of Sport Journal, 9, 271–285. doi: 10.1123/ssj.9.3.271
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cremades, J. G., Wated, G., & Wiggins, M. S. (2011). Multiplicative measurements of a trait anxiety scale as predictors of burnout. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 15(3), 220–233. doi:10.1080/1091367X.2011.594356.
   Google Scholar
• Cresswell, S. L., & Eklund, R. C. (2005). Changes in athlete burnout and motivation over a 12-week league tournament. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 37, 1957–1966. doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000176304.14675.32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cresswell, S. L., & Eklund, R. C. (2006a). Changes in athlete burnout over a 30-week rugby year. Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, 9, 125–134. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2006.03.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cresswell, S. L., & Eklund, R. C. (2006b). The nature of player burnout in rugby: Key characteristics and attributions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18, 219–239. doi:10.1080/10413200600830299.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cresswell, S. L., & Eklund, R. C. (2007). Athlete burnout: A longitudinal qualitative study. The Sport Psychologist, 21, 1–20. doi: 10.1123/tsp.21.1.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crocker, J., & Park, L. (2004). The costly pursuit of self-esteem. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 392–414. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Bruin, A. P., Bakker, F. C., & Oudejans, R. R. D. (2009). Achievement goal theory and disordered eating: Relationships of disordered eating with goal orientations and motivational climate in female gymnasts and dancers. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 10, 72–79. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.07.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doganis, G. (2000). Development of a Greek version of the sport motivation scale. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 90, 505–512. doi: 10.2466/pms.2000.90.2.505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodger, K., Gorely, T., Lavallee, D., & Harwood, C. (2007). Burnout in sport: A systematic review. The Sport Psychologist, 21, 127–151. Retrieved from http://www.scopus.com doi: 10.1123/tsp.21.2.127
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotwals, J. K. (2011). Perfectionism and burnout within intercollegiate sport: A person oriented approach. The Sport Psychologist, 25, 489–510. doi: 10.1123/tsp.25.4.489
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gould, D., & Dieffenbach, K. (2002). Overtraining, underrecovery, and burnout in sport. In M. Kellman (Ed.), Enhancing recovery: Preventing under performance in athletes (pp. 25–36). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Gould, D., Tuffey, S., Udry, E., & Loehr, J. (1996). Burnout in competitive junior tennis players: II. Qualitative analysis. The Sport Psychologist, 10, 341–366. doi: 10.1123/tsp.10.4.341
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gould, D., Udry, E., Tuffey, S., & Loehr, J. (1996). Burnout in competitive junior tennis players: I. A quantitative psychological assessment. The Sport Psychologist, 10, 322–340. doi: 10.1123/tsp.10.4.322
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustafsson, H., Hancock, D. J., & Côté, J. (2014). Describing citation structures in sport burnout literature: A citation network analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15, 620–626. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.07.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustafsson, H., Hassmén, P., Kenttä, G., & Johansson, M. (2008). A qualitative analysis of burnout in elite Swedish athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9, 800–816. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.11.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustafsson, Η, Kenttä, G., & Hassmén, P. (2011). Athlete burnout: Αn integrated model and future research directions. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 4(1), 3–24. doi:10.1080/1750984x.2010.541927.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustafsson, H., Kenttä, G., Hassmén, P., & Lundgvist, C. (2007). Prevalence of burnout in competitive adolescent athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 21, 21–37. doi: 10.1123/tsp.21.1.21
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustafsson, H., Kenttä, G., Hassmén, P., Lundqvist, C., & Durand-Bush, N. (2007). The process of burnout: A multiple case study of three endurance athletes. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 38, 388–416. http://www.scopus.com. Retrieved from http://www.scopus.com
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. (1998). Canonical correlation. Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Henriksen, K., Larsen, C. H., Storm, L. K., & Ryom, K. (2014). Sport psychology interventions with young athletes: The perspective of the sport psychology practitioner. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 8, 245–260. doi:10.1123/jcsp.2014-0033.
   Google Scholar
• Hodge, K., Lonsdale, C., & Ng, J. Y. Y. (2008). Burnout in elite rugby: Relationships with basic psychological needs fulfilment. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26, 835–844. doi:10.1080/02640410701784525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horn, T. S., Bloom, P., Berglund, K. M., & Packard, S. (2011). Relationship between collegiate athletes’ psychological characteristics and their preferences for different types of coaching behaviour. The Sport Psychologist, 25, 190–211. doi: 10.1123/tsp.25.2.190
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isoard-Gautheur, S., Guillet-Descas, E., & Gustafsson, H. (2016). Athlete burnout and the risk of dropout among young elite handball players. Sport Psychologist, 30, 123–130. doi:10.1123/tsp.2014-0140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kakkos, V., Ekkekakis, P., & Zervas, Y. (1991). Psychometric analogies of the A-trait scale of the state-trait anxiety inventory in Greek university students [in Greek]. Athlitiki Psychologia, 5, 3–34.
   Google Scholar
• Kenttä, G., & Hassmén, P. (1998). Overtraining and recovery: A conceptual model. Sports Medicine, 26, 1–16. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199826010-00001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemyre, P. N., Hall, H. K., & Roberts, G. C. (2008). A social cognitive approach to burn out in elite athletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 18, 221–234. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00671.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemyre, P. N., Roberts, G. C., & Stray-Gundersen, J. (2007). Motivation, overtraining, and burnout: Can self-determined motivation predict overtraining and burnout n elite athletes? European Journal of Sport Science, 7, 115–126. doi:10.1080/17461390701302607.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemyre, P. N., Treasure, D. C., & Roberts, G. C. (2007). Influence of variability in motivation and affect on elite athlete burnout susceptibility. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 28, 32–48. doi: 10.1123/jsep.28.1.32
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, C., Wang, C. J., Pyun, D. Y., & Kee, Y. H. (2013). Burnout and its relations with basic psychological needs and motivation among athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14, 692–700. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.04.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markati, A., Psychountaki, M., & Karteroliotis, K. (2010). Athlete burnout questionnaire: Validity and reliability in a Greek population. Proceedings of the ΙV European Congress of Methodology (p. 117). Berlin: European Association of Methodology.
   Google Scholar
• Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1986). Maslach burnout inventory: Manual (6th ed). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
   Google Scholar
• Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397–422. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meeusen, R., Duclos, M., Gleeson, M., Rietjens, G., Steinacker, J., & Urhausen, A. (2006). Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the overtraining syndrome. European Journal of Sport Science, 6(1), 1–14. doi: 10.1080/17461390600617717
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelletier, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., Tuson, K. M., Briére, N. M., & Blais, M. R. (1995). Toward a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sports: The sport motivation (SMS). Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 17, 35–53. doi: 10.1123/jsep.17.1.35
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Psychountaki, M., Stavrou, N. A., & Zervas, Y. (2007). Testing the factor structure and reliability of the self-esteem scale. In A. Efklidis & M. H. Kosmidis (Eds.), Abstracts of the 9th European congress on psychological assessment. Thessaloniki: Ellinika Grammata.
   Google Scholar
• Raedeke, T. D. (1997). Is athlete burnout more than just stress? A sport commitment perspective. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 19, 396–417. Retrieved from http://www.scopus.com doi: 10.1123/jsep.19.4.396
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raedeke, T. D., Lunney, K., & Venables, K. (2002). Understanding athlete burnout: Coach perspectives. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 25, 181–206.
   Google Scholar
• Raedeke, T. D., & Smith, A. L. (2001). Development and preliminary validation of an athlete burnout measure. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 23, 281–306. Retrieved from http://www.scopus.com doi: 10.1123/jsep.23.4.281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raedeke, T. D., & Smith, A. L. (2004). Coping resources and athlete burnout: An examination of stress mediated and moderation hypotheses. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 26, 525–541. doi: 10.1123/jsep.26.4.525
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68–78. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaufeli, W. B., & Buunk, B. P. (2003). Burnout: An overview of 25 years of research and theorizing. In M. J. Schabracq, J. A. M. Winnubst, & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), The handbook of work and health psychology (2nd ed., pp. 383–425). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Seefeldt, V., Ewing, M., & Walk, S. (1992). Overview of youth sports programs in the United States. Washington, DC: Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development.
   Google Scholar
• Shacham, S. (1983). A shortened version of the profile of mood states. Journal of Personality Assessment, 47, 305–306. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4703_14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, R. E. (1986). Toward a cognitive-affective model of athletic burnout. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8, 36–50. doi: 10.1123/jsp.8.1.36
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushere, R. E., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory – form Y. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
   Google Scholar
• Tabei, Y., Fletcher, D., & Goodger, K. (2012). The relationship between organizational stressors and athlete burnout in soccer players. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 6, 146–165. doi:10.1123/jcsp.6.2.146.
   Google Scholar
• Visek, A. J., Harris, B. S., & Blom, L. C. (2009). Doing sport psychology: A youth sport consulting model for practitioners. The Sport Psychologist, 23, 271–291. doi: 10.1123/tsp.23.2.271
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C., Sproule, J., McNeill, M., Martindale, R., & Lee, K. (2011). Impact of the talent development environment on achievement goals and life aspirations in Singapore. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 23(3), 263–276. doi: 10.1080/10413200.2010.543120
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiggins, M. S., Cremades, J. G., Lai, C., Lee, J., & Erdmann, J. B. (2006). Multidimensional comparison of anxiety direction and burnout over time. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 102, 788–779. doi:10.2466/PMS.102.3.788-790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zervas, Y., Ekkekakis, P., Psychountaki, M., & Kakkos, V. (1993). Adaptation to profile of mood states (Schacham, 1983). Unpublished manuscript, Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Athens.
   Google Scholar