Know Your Enemy: West German-Israeli Intelligence Evaluation of Soviet Weapon Systems

References

• The author like to thank former Head of Mossad General Meir Amit for his encouragement and patient help
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• Israel's Secret Wars Black and Morris, 207
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• Ibid, 208
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• Radfa's aircraft was located by Jordanian radar but was mistaken to be a Syrian fighter on a training mission. Ibid
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• Ibid
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• 2 July 2003 . Daily Telegraph Information on that operation was published following the death of former commander of the Israeli air force Major-General Moti Hod. See “Major-General Moti Hod” (obituary)
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• Phantom Over the Nile See Shiff, 108
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• 2 December 1991 . Bericht zur Überlassung von Wehrmaterial aus Beständen der ehemaligen NVA an Israel zum Zweck der technischen Auswertung The author was allowed access to several official German reports which were presented to the Bundestag Defence Committee which investigated the Hamburg affair. These reports were not made available to the public. (Bonn
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• Ibid., 17
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• “…Da der BND zu dieser Zeit bereits in Verbindung mit israelischen Dienststellen stand, konnte die Bundesrepublik Deutschland sehr früh an den Auswertungsmöglichkeiten teilnehmen”. Ibid., 16
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• At the time Germany had such treaties with Belgium, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain and the USA. Ibid., 17
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• Ibid., 17–18
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• 1991 . The US army later acknowledged the validity of the Marder concept when it designed its own infantry fighting vehicle, the ‘Bradley’, which was successfully used in the Gulf War
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• The Leopard I was also built under licence in Italy (720 units), as well as exported to Greece and Turkey
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• The largest was the ‘Tornado’ aircraft
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• The Leopard II was produced by Krauss-Maffei and by Krupp MaK and remained in production between 1979–1987. See Jane's Armour & Artillery 1987–88, 22–25
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• Schneider , W. , ed. 1990 . Tanks of the World Koblenz : Bernard und Graefe . The MERKAVA III was first publicly revealed in 1989. For technical details see ed., 346–347. Previous versions of the MERKAVA had the NATO 105mm cannon, which was rejected for the Leopard II in Germany
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• Mechtersheimer , A. 1977 . Rüstung und Politik in der Bundesrepublik: MRCA Tornado 20 Bad Honnef : Osang Verlag .
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• 1984 . Wehrtechnik Schnell's report was classified but parts of it were made public in the German military magazine 6 (and later in the English-language publication MILTECH 7 (1984)
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• Ein Staat, Eine Armee. For details about many of the systems and their logistical integration into the Bundeswehr see G. Mahler, “Die Einheit von operativer Planung, Logistik und Infrastruktur”, in Farwick, ed.
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• 10 December 1991 . Fragen und Antworten zum Bericht zur Überlassung von Wehrmaterial aus Beständen der ehemaligen NVA an Israel zum Zweck der technischen Auswertung Bundestag Verteidigungsausschuss, (Bonn, 20
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• 6 November 1991 . 21. Sitzung des Verteidigungsausschusses am 06.11.1991 TOP 3 Bundestag Verteidigungsausschuss, (Bonn, 13
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• Ibid
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• 1962 . The issue of German “lending” military hardware as an official reason for avoiding export controls has had a long history in military cooperation with Israel. The German terminology used was “leihweise zur Verfügung zu stellen”. For example, in Germany ‘lent’ Israel several Noratlas and Fouga-Magister military aircraft. This loan was later converted into a gift. See letter, St. S. Carstens to Colonel Dan Arbel at the Israeli Mission in Köln, undated (estimated date early April 1965), Christlich-Demokratische Archiv (CDA) Sankt Augustin, I-433, 133/2
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• 6 November 1991 . Antworten auf die den BND betreffenden Fragen von CDU/CSU und SPD im Verteidigungsausschuss des Deutschen Bundestages am 30. Oktober 1991 Bundesnachrichtendienst, (Bonn
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• Schmidt-Eenboom , Erich . 1993 . Der BND 380 – 82 . Düsseldorf : Econ .
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• 30 October 1991 . Bericht Bundesminister Dr. Stoltenberg
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• Bericht zur Überlassung von Wehrmaterial aus Beständen der ehemaligen NVA an Israel. “Die Zusammenarbeit mit Israel hat der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ermöglicht, Zeit und Mittel für nationale Auswertungsprojekte und in der Entwicklung eigenen Wehrmaterials einzusparen. In einigen Fällen wurden Entwicklungen ganz eingestellt, da fremdes Wehrmaterial die ihm zugeschriebenen Fähigkeiten nicht in dem Umfang aufwies, wie sie angenommen worden waren…”
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