References
- Rohter , Larry . 30 August 1998 . “In Latin America, the Constitution is What I Say it is,” . In New York Times
- Dean , Warren . 1970 . “Latin American ” . In Golpes and Economic Fluctuations, 1823–1966,” Social Science Quarterly 51 (June: 70–80
- Reid , Michael . 2007 . Forgotten Continent: The Battle for Latin America's Soul 118 – 20 . New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
- Braudel , Fernand . 1985 . Écrits sur l'histoire 7 – 8 . Paris : Éditions Flammarion .
- Farcau , Bruce . 1996 . The Transition to Democracy in Latin America: The Role of the Military 2 Westport , CT : Praeger .
- 2001 . Che Guevara and the Latin American Revolutionary Movements Melbourne : Ocean Press . For their part, the Cubans were clear about their intentions in fomenting insurrection in Latin America. In 1966, the Argentine Ernesto “Che” Guevara had talked openly about the need to create “two, three…many Vietnams in Latin America.” The head of Cuban intelligence, Manuel Piñeiro, later outlined Cuban policy in the region: “Our revolution is part of the Latin American revolution… Our battle won't have ended until all the peoples of Our America have freed themselves of the neo-colonial yoke.” Manuel Piñeiro, 102
- The Transition to Democracy in Latin America Farcau, 15–16
- Ibid., 19
- Loveman , Brian . For La Patria: Politics and the Armed Forces in Latin America (Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources), 175
- The Transition to Democracy in Latin America Farcau, 16–17
- 1979 . General Emilio Garraztazú Médici, head of the SNI from 1967 to 1969, and President of Brazil, from 1969 to 1974; and João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo, head of the SNI from 1974 to 1978 and President from to 1985
- Potash , Robert A. 1980 . The Army and Politics in Argentina: Perón to Frondizi 51 Stanford , CA : Stanford University Press .
- 2002 . A History of Argentina in the Twentieth Century University Park , PA : Penn State Press . Luis Alberto Romero 214
- 2000 . Journal of Third World Studies Argentina actually experienced two national security dictatorships during the Cold War period, the first from 1966 to 1973. “General Juan Ongania's national security state (1966–1973) codified the conceptual framework of the national security doctrine as a foundation for military rule. In 1964 Ongania said, “The armed forces exist to guarantee the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Nation, to preserve the moral and spiritual values of Western and Christian civilization, to maintain public order and domestic peace, to promote the general welfare, to sustain the enforcement of the Constitution, of its rights and essential guarantees, and to maintain the republican institutions in which they are established legally. “26 Decree-law 16970 institutionalized this sweeping conception of national security, especially Article 2: “National security is the situation in which the vital interests of the nation are protected from substantial interference and disruption.” J. Patrice McSherry, “National Security and Social Crisis in Argentina,” (Spring: 7. Although the military leaders did curtail political and civil liberties during this period, they did not engage in the systemic and harsh repression of the Proceso.
- 1997 . Incomplete Transition: Military Power and Democracy in Argentina New York : St. Martin's Press . J. Patrice McSherry 150
- National Security Archive, [Online] URL: http://www.gwu.edu/∼nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB73/800207dos.pdf. See also URL: http://www.clarm.com/diario/2000/02/13/t-00402d.htm
- Romero . A History of Argentina in the Twentieth Century 235
- McSherry . 1985–92 . Incomplete Transition 8 See also Loveman, For La Patria: Politics and the Armed Forces in Latin America, 219: “Least successful case for military controlling transition, but gradual reassertion of military presence as civilian governments make concessions after mutinies and coup attempts, “
- Ibid
- McSherry . Incomplete Transition 153
- Ibid., 155–56
- Ibid., 160
- Roehrig , Terence . 2002 . The Prosecution of Former Military Leaders in Newly Democratic Nations: The Cases of Argentina, Greece and South Korea 66 Jefferson , NC : McFarland .
- McSherry . Incomplete Transition 249 – 50 .
- 23 June 2006 . Clarín “AMIA: El ex-jefe de la SIDE Hugo Anzorreguy admitió que entregó fondos a Galeano e involucró a Menem,”
- Bonasso , Miguel . 7 January 2001 . “El Continuismo de la SIDE,” . In Página12
- 14 December 2001 . “Nueva Ley de Inteligencia,” . In La Nación José Manuel Ugarte: “La Ley… podría constituir una primera etapa de una reforma más profunda.”
- Tosta , Wilson . 20 September 2008 . “Sfici, o vovô X-9 da Abm,” [Online], URL: http://www.estadao.com.br.
- Beezley , William H. , Davies , Thomas M. and Loveman , Brian . 1997 . The Politics of Anti-Politics 258 New York : Rowman and Littlefield .
- 1980 . A History of Brazil New York : Columbia University Press . E. Bradford Burns 517
- Stepan , Alfred . 1983 . “O que estão pensando os militares,” . In Novos Estudos CE-BRAP 2 (July: 2. See also: Thomas Bruneau, “Intelligence Reforms in Brazil: Contemporary Challenges and the Legacy of the Past,” Strategic Insights 3 (2007): 2
- Skidmore , Thomas E. 1990 . The Politics of Military Rule in Brazil 57 Oxford : Oxford University Press .
- Stepan , Alfred . 1988 . Rethinking Military Politics in Brazil 16 Princeton : Princeton University Press .
- 1978 . Hidden Terrors: The Truth about U.S. Police Operations in Latin America New York : Pantheon Books . Described vividly in A. J. Langguth's
- 1975 . The Transition to Democracy in Latin America Farcau, 99. Between 1972 and Brazilian armed forces engaged in three separate campaigns to defeat a breakaway group of Brazilian communists known as the Araguaia Guerrilla Movement
- Cepik , Marco . 2001 . The New Brazilian Intelligence Law: An Institutional Assessment 9 Washington , D.C. : Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, REDES .
- Stepan , Alfred , ed. 1989 . “The ‘People's Church’, the Vatican and the ” . In Abertura Oxford : Oxford University Press . Ralph Della Cava,” in Democratizing Brazil: Problems of Transition and Consolidation, ed. 148. See also Farcau, The Transition to Democracy in Latin America, 103
- The New Brazilian Intelligence Law Cepik, 9
- Ibid., 10–11
- Ibid., 13
- Ibid., 22
- Bruneau . “Intelligence Reforms in Brazil,” 4
- Zirker , Daniel . 2003 . “The Military, Intelligence Agencies, Political Scandals and Democracy in Brazil, 1998–2000,” . In Journal of Political and Military Sociology 1 (: 6
- 1 September 2008 . Veja Policarpo Junior and Expedito Filho, “A Abin gravou o ministro,”
- Swenson , Russell G. and Susana Lemozy , C. , eds. 2004 . Intelligence Professionalism in the Americas Washington , D.C. : Center for Strategic Intelligence Research . Carlos Maldonado Prieto, “The Professionalization of Intelligence Personnel: The Chilean Case,” in, eds. 283
- Huneeus , Carlos . 2007 . The Pinochet Regime 50 London : Lynne Renner Press .
- Ibid., 52. One Condor-related operation involved publishing the names of some 119 people who had disappeared in Chile in Argentine and Brazilian to make it appear that they had died in those countries and not in Chile
- Kornbluh , Peter . 2003 . The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability 174 New York : New Press .
- Landau , Saul and Dingas , John . 1980 . Assassination on Embassy Row New York : Pantheon Books . ch. 5. Cited in URL: http://www.remember-chile.org.uk/beginners/contdina.htm.
- Kornbluh . The Pinochet File 168
- Ibid., 181
- Weeks , Gregory . 2004 . “The Military and Intelligence Reform in Chile,” . In Revista Fuerzas Armadas y Sociedad 3 – 4 . (: 259
- Weeks , Gregory . 2003 . The Military and Politics in Post-Authoritarian Chile 81 – 82 . Tuscaloosa , AL : University of Alabama Press .
- Weeks, “The Military and Intelligence Reform in Chile,” 260
- Ibid., 260–61
- Intelligence Professionalism in the Americas Andres Gomez de la Torre Rotta, “Peru: Frustrations in Attempts to Reconstruct its Intelligence System,” in, 189–90
- Burt , Jo-Marie . 2006 . “Quién Habla es Terrorista: The Political Use of Fear in Fujimori's Peru,” . In Latin American Research Review 41 (October: 47
- Andres Gomez de la Torre Rotta, “Peru,” 205
- 3 November 2008 . La República “Congreso citará a Mirtha Cunza,”
- 2001 . La Charola: Una historia de los servicios de inteligencia en México México , D.F. : Editorial Grijalbo, S.A. . Sergio Aguayo Quezada ch. 2–7
- Rodriguez , Omar . “Intelligence and Professionalism in México's Democratic Transition,” in ” . In Intelligence Professionalism in the Americas 246
- La Charola: Una historia de los servicios de inteligencia en México Sergio Aguayo Quezada, 257–58
- Intelligence Professionalism in the Americas Manuel I. Balcàzar Villareal, “National Security and the Legislative Branch in Mexico: A Step Toward Professional Development of Intelligence Services,” in, 421–27
- La Charola: Una historia de los servicios de inteligencia en México Sergio Aguayo Quezada, 279
- 9 May 2005 . The Atlantic Ana Louise Bardach, “Twilight of the Assassins,” (November 2006). See also, Tim Weiner, “Cuban Exile Could Test U. S. Definition of Terrorist,” New York Times
- Osorio , Ivan G. 8 January 2003 . “Chávez Bombshell: A Defector's Testimony Links the Venezuelan Strongman to International Terror,” . In National Review
- ”maletinazo,” Over the past year, Venezuelans have been following the saga of the or “suitcase scandal” in which Guido Antonini Wilson, a Venezuelan businessman with links to Chávez, travelled to Argentina with officials from Venezuela's state oil company and was stopped at Argentine customs with a suitcase containing $800,000 in cash that he had not declared. Antonini Wilson subsequently left Argentina for Miami, where Venezuelan intelligence agents eventually followed him and, according to his testimony in federal court in Miami, tried to bribe him to keep silent. According to phone records provided by the U.S. government, the head of the DISIP himself called Antonini Wilson twice to arrange such a deal
- 2007 . Report on the Security Sector in Latin America and the Caribbean Santiago , , Chile : FLASCO-Chile . Lucia Dammert ed. 3
- Ibid., 4