4,626
Views
121
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

International Sport Event Participation: Prior Sport Involvement; Destination Image; and Travel Motives

, &
Pages 227-248 | Published online: 28 May 2008

References

  • Arbuckle , J. L. 1994 . AMOS: Analysis of moment structures . Psychometrika , 59 : 135 – 137 .
  • Bagozzi , R. P. and Yi , T. 1988 . On the evaluation of structural equation models . Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science , 16 ( 1 ) : 74 – 94 .
  • Baloglu , S. and McCleary , K. W. 1999 . A model of destination formation . Annals of Tourism Research , 26 : 868 – 897 .
  • Beaton , A. A. , & Funk , D. C. ( in press ). An evaluation of theoretical frameworks for studying physically active leisure . Leisure Sciences .
  • Bentler , P. M. 1990 . Comparative fit indexes in structural models . Psychological Bulletin , 107 : 238 – 246 .
  • Bond , M. H. and Smith , P. B. 1996 . Cross-cultural social and organisational psychology . Annual Review of Psychology , 47 : 205 – 241 .
  • Bollen , K. A. 1989 . Structural equations with latent variables , New York, NY : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Browne , M. W. and Cudeck , R. 1993 . “ Alternative ways of assessing model fit ” . In Testing structural equation models , Edited by: Bollen , K. A. and Long , J. S. 136 – 162 . Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
  • Carroll , B. and Alexandris , K. 1997 . Perception of constraints and strength of motivation: Their relationship to recreational sport participation in Greece . Journal of Leisure Research , 29 ( 3 ) : 279 – 299 .
  • Chalip , L. , Green , B. C. and Hill , B. 2003 . Effects of sport event media on destination image and intention to visit . Journal of Sport Management , 17 : 214 – 234 .
  • Chelladurai , P. 2001 . Managing organizations for sport & physical activity. A systems perspective , Scottsdales, AZ : Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers .
  • Chen , J. S. 2000 . Cross-cultural differences in travel information acquisition among tourists from three pacific-rim countries . Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research , 24 ( 2 ) : 239 – 251 .
  • Cho , M. 2004 . The strength of motivation and physical activity level during leisure time among youth in South Korea . Youth and Society , 35 ( 4 ) : 480 – 494 .
  • Collins , D. and Tisdell , C. 2002 . Gender and difference in travel life cycles . Journal of Travel Research , 41 : 133 – 134 .
  • Crompton , J. L. 1979 . Motivations for pleasure vacation . Annals of Tourism Research , 6 ( 4 ) : 408 – 424 .
  • Crompton , J. L. and McKay , S. L. 1997 . Motives of visitors attending festival events . Annals of Tourism Research , 24 ( 2 ) : 425 – 439 .
  • Crotts , J. C. and Erdmann , R. 2000 . Does national culture influence consumer's evaluation of travel services? A test of Hofstede's model of cross-cultural differences . Managing Service Quality , 10 ( 6 ) : 410 – 419 .
  • Crotts , J. C. and Litvin , S. W. 2003 . Cross-cultural research: Are researchers better served by knowing respondents’ country of birth, residence, or citizenship? . Journal of Travel Research , 42 ( 2 ) : 186 – 190 .
  • Dann , G. M. S. 1996 . Tourists’ images of a destination—an alternative analysis . Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing , 5 ( 1 ) : 41 – 45 .
  • Department of Industry, Tourism, and Resources—Niche Markets Overview . Retrieved August 20, 2005, from http://www.industry.gov.au/content/itrInternet/cmscontent.cfm
  • Fornell , C. and Larkner , D. F. 1981 . Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error . Journal of Marketing Research , 18 : 39 – 50 .
  • Funk , D. C. and Bruun , T. 2007 . The role of socio-psychological and culture–education motives in marketing international sport tourism: A cross-cultural perspective . Tourism Management , 28 : 806 – 819 .
  • Funk , D. C. and James , J. 2001 . The psychological continuum model: A conceptual framework for understanding an individual's psychological connection to sport . Sport Management Review , 4 : 119 – 150 .
  • Funk , D. C. and James , J. D. 2004 . The Fan Attitude Network (FAN) Model: Propositions for exploring identity and attitude formation among sport consumers . Sport Management Review , 7 : 1 – 26 .
  • Funk , D. C. and James , J. 2006 . Consumer loyalty: The meaning of attachment in the development of sport team allegiance . Journal of Sport Management , 20 : 189 – 217 .
  • Funk , D. C. , Nakasawa , M. , Mahony , D. F. and Thrasher , R. 2006 . The social impact of the National Sport Lottery and the FIFA World Cup on attendance, spectator motives, and J. League marketing strategies . International Journal of Sport Marketing and Sponsorship , 3 : 267 – 285 .
  • Funk , D. C. and Pritchard , M. 2006 . Sport publicity: Commitment's moderation of message effects . Journal of Business Research , 59 : 613 – 621 .
  • Funk , D. C. , Ridinger , L. L. and Moorman , A. M. 2004 . Exploring the origins on involvement: Understanding the relationship between consumer motives and involvement with professional sport teams . Leisure Sciences , 26 : 35 – 61 .
  • Green , B. C. 2001 . Leveraging subculture and identity to promote sport events . Sport Management Review , 4 : 1 – 19 .
  • GCAM Media Centre . ( 2 July , 2006 ). Troop and Gillard make GCAM their own . Retrieved September 27, 2006, from www.goldcoastmartathon.com.au/documents/FINALNEWSRELEASE_002.doc .
  • GCAM Media Centre . ( 10 March , 2006 ). Gold Coast airport marathon on pace for another record breaking year . Retrieved September 27, 2006, from www.goldcoastmarathon.com.au/documents/FINALNEWSRELEASE.doc .
  • Gibson , H. J. 1998 . Active sport tourism: who participates? . Leisure Studies , 17 : 155 – 170 .
  • Gold Coast City Council . ( 19 December , 2006 ). Sports projects . Retrieved December 21, 2006, from www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/t_standard2.aspx?pid=6379 .
  • Gursoy , D. and Gavcar , E. 2003 . International leisure tourist's involvement profile . Annals of Tourism Research , 30 ( 4 ) : 906 – 926 .
  • Hair , J. F. , Anderson , R. E. , Tatham , R. L. and Black , W. C. 1998 . Multivariate data analysis with readings , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall .
  • Hanquin , Z. Q. and Lam , T. 1999 . An analysis of Mainland Chinese visitors’ motivations to visit Hong Kong . Tourism Management , 20 : 587 – 594 .
  • Hanson , S. L. 2005 . Hidden Dragons: Asian American women and sport . Journal of Sport and Social Issues , 29 : 279 – 292 .
  • Havitz , M. E. and Dimanche , F. 1999 . Leisure involvement revisited: Drive properties and paradoxes . Journal of Leisure Research , 31 ( 2 ) : 122 – 140 .
  • Hinch , T. D. and Higham , J. E. S. 2001 . Sport tourism: A framework of research . International Journal of Tourism Research , 3 : 45 – 58 .
  • Hofstede , G. 1980 . Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values , Beverly Hills, CA : Sage Publications .
  • Hofstede , G. (2001) . Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviours, institutions and organizations (2nd ed.) . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications .
  • Hofstede , G. 2002 . Dimensions do not exist: A reply to Brendan McSweeny . Human Relations , 55 ( 11 ) : 1 – 7 .
  • Hu , L. and Bentler , P. M. 1999 . Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives . Structural Equation Modeling , 6 : 1 – 56 .
  • Iso-Ahola , S. E. 1982 . Toward a social psychological theory of tourism motivation: A rejoinder . Annals of Tourism Research , 12 : 256 – 262 .
  • Iwasaki , Y. and Havitz , M. E. 2004 . Examining relationships between leisure involvement, psychological commitment and loyalty to a recreation agency . Journal of Leisure Research , 36 : 45 – 72 .
  • James , J. D. 2001 . The role of cognitive development and socialization in the initial development of team loyalty . Leisure Sciences , 23 : 233 – 262 .
  • Johnsgard , K. 1985 . The motivation of the long distance runner II . Journal of Sports Medicine , 25 : 140 – 143 .
  • Jago , L. , Chalip , L. , Brown , G. , Mules , T. and Ali , S. 2003 . Building events into destination branding: Insights from experts . Event Management , 8 ( 1 ) : 3 – 14 .
  • Kim , K. and Jogaratham , G. 2003 . Activity preferences of Asian international and domestic American students: An alternate basis for segmentation . Journal of Vacation Marketing , 9 : 260 – 274 .
  • Kim , N. and Chalip , L. 2004 . Why travel to the FIFA World Cup? Effects of motives, background, interest and constraints . Tourism Management , 25 : 695 – 707 .
  • Koivula , N. 1999 . Sport participation: Differences in motivation and actual participation due to gender typing . Journal of Sport Behavior , 22 ( 3 ) : 360 – 379 .
  • Kozak , M. 2002 . Comparative analysis of tourist motivations by nationality and destinations . Tourism Management , 23 : 221 – 232 .
  • Kyle , G. and Chick , G. 2002 . The social nature of leisure involvement . Journal of Leisure Research , 34 ( 4 ) : 426 – 448 .
  • Kyle , G. T. and Mowen , A. J. 2005 . An examination of the leisure involvement-agency commitment relationship . Journal of Leisure Research , 37 : 342 – 361 .
  • Litvin , S. W. , Crotts , J. C. and Hefner , F. L. 2004 . Cross-cultural tourist behaviour: A replication and extension involving Hofstede's uncertainty avoidance dimension . International Journal of Tourism Research , 6 ( 1 ) : 29 – 37 .
  • Litvin , S. W. and Kar , G. H. 2003 . Individualism/collectivism as a moderating factor to the self-image congruity concept . Journal of Vacation Marketing , 10 ( 1 ) : 23 – 32 .
  • MacKay , K. J. and Fesenmaier , D. R. 1997 . Pictorial element of destination image formation . Annals of Tourism Research , 24 ( 3 ) : 537 – 565 .
  • McGehee , N. G. , Loker-Murphy , L. and Uysal , M. 1996 . The Australian international pleasure travel market: Motivations from a gendered perspective . The Journal of Tourism Studies , 7 ( 1 ) : 45 – 57 .
  • McGehee , N. G. , Yoon , Y. and Cardenas , D. 2003 . Involvement and travel for recreational runners in North Carolina . Journal of Sport Management , 17 : 305 – 324 .
  • McGorry , S. 2000 . Measurement in a cross-cultural environment: Survey translation issues . Qualitative Market Research , 3 ( 2 ) : 74 – 78 .
  • McSweeny , B. 2002 . Hofstede's model of national cultural differences and their consequences: A triumph of faith—a failure of analysis . Human Relations , 55 ( 1 ) : 89 – 118 .
  • Mottiar , Z. and Quinn , D. 2003 . Couple dynamics in household tourism decision-making: Women as the gatekeepers? . Journal of Vacation Marketing , 10 : 149 – 160 .
  • Nakata , C. and Sivakumar , K. 1996 . National culture and new product development: An integrative review . Journal of Marketing , 60 ( 1 ) : 61 – 72 .
  • Nicholson , R. E. and Pearce , D. G. 2001 . Why do people attend events: A comparative analysis of visitor motivations at four south island events . Journal of Travel Research , 39 : 449 – 460 .
  • Nunnally , J. C. , & Bernstein , I. H. (1994) . Psychometric theory (3rd ed.) . New York : McGraw-Hill .
  • Poortinga , Y. 1992 . “ Towards a conceptualization of culture for psychology ” . In Innovations in cross-cultural psychology , Edited by: Iwawaki , S. , Kashima , Y. and Leung , K. 3 – 17 . Amsterdam : Swets & Zeitlingerwawaki .
  • Recours , R. A. , Souville , M. and Griffet , J. 2004 . Expressed motives for informal and club/association-based sports participation . Journal of Leisure Research , 36 ( 1 ) : 1 – 22 .
  • Schwartz , S. H. 1994 . “ Beyond individualism/collectivism: new cultural dimensions of values ” . In Individualism and collectivism: theory, method and applications , Edited by: Kim , U. , Triandis , H. C. , Kagitcibasi , C. , Choi , S. C. and Yoon , G. 85 – 119 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
  • Steenkamp , J. 2001 . The role of national culture in international marketing research . International Marketing Review , 18 ( 1 ) : 30 – 44 .
  • Tabachnick , B. G. and Fidell , L. S. 1996 . Using multivariate statistics , New York : Harper Collins .
  • Toohey , K. , Taylor , T. and Lee , C. 2002 . The FIFA World Cup 2002: The effects of terrorism on sports tourists . Journal of Sports Tourism , 8 ( 3 ) : 186 – 196 .
  • Thomas , D. R. and Dyall , L. 1999 . Culture, ethnicity, and sport management: A New Zealand perspective . Sport Management Review , 2 : 115 – 132 .
  • Williams , D. R. , Patterson , M. E. , Roggenbuck , J. W. and Watson , A. E. 1992 . Beyond the commodity metaphor: Examining emotional and symbolic attachment to place . Leisure Sciences , 14 : 29 – 46 .
  • Zaichkowsky , J. L. 1985 . Measuring the involvement construct . Journal of Consumer Research , 12 ( 3 ) : 341 – 351 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.