1,184
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Development of a hierarchical model of sport volunteers' organizational commitment

&
Pages 94-109 | Received 25 Oct 2012, Accepted 25 Oct 2012, Published online: 23 Nov 2012

References

  • Ajzen , I. 1991 . The theory of planned behavior . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 50 : 179 – 211 . doi: 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  • Ajzen , I. and Driver , B.L. 1991 . Prediction of leisure participation from behavioral, normative, and control beliefs: An application of the theory of planned behavior . Leisure Sciences , 13 : 185 – 204 . doi: 10.1080/01490409109513137
  • Ajzen , I. and Driver , B.L. 1992 . Application of the theory of planned behavior to leisure choice . Journal of Leisure Research , 24 : 207 – 224 .
  • Allen , N.J. and Meyer , J.P. 1990 . The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization . Journal of Occupational Psychology , 63 : 1 – 8 . doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
  • Ashforth , B.E. and Mael , F. 1989 . Social identity theory and the organization . Academy of Management Review , 14 : 20 – 39 .
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics . 2008 . Australian social trends, 2008: Volunteer work . Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/4102.0Chapter4102008
  • Bang , H. 2011 . Leader-member exchange, perceived organizational support, and affective organizational commitment of volunteer members in non-profit sport organizations . International Journal of Sport Management , 12 ( 1 ) : 63 – 85 .
  • Batson , C.D. , Coke , J.S. , Jasonski , M.L. and Hanson , M. 1978 . Buying kindness: Effect of an extrinsic incentive for helping on perceived altruism . Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin , 4 : 86 – 91 . doi: 10.1177/014616727800400118
  • Boezeman , E.J. and Ellemers , A.N. 2008 . Pride and respect in volunteers' organizational commitment . European Journal of Social Psychology , 38 : 159 – 172 . doi: 10.1002/ejsp.415
  • Buchanan , B. 1974 . Building organizational commitment: The socialization of managers in work organizations . Administrative Science Quarterly , 4 : 553 – 546 .
  • Callero , P.L. , Howard , J.A. and Piliavin , J.A. 1987 . Helping behavior as role behavior: Disclosing social structure and history in the analysis of pro-social action . Social Psychology Quarterly , 50 : 247 – 256 . doi: 10.2307/2786825
  • Chelladurai , P. 2006 . Human resource management in sport and recreation , 2nd ed. , Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics .
  • Chesire , J.D. and Karp , D.R. 2007 . Volunteer management in boards of probation: Perceptions of equality, efficiency, and reciprocity among Vermont volunteers . Journal of Offender Rehabilitation , 44 ( 4 ) : 65 – 99 . doi: 10.1300/J076v44n04_05
  • Chou , K. 1998 . Effects of age, gender, and participation in volunteer activities on the altruistic behavior of Chinese adolescents . Journal of Genetic Psychology , 159 ( 2 ) : 195 – 201 . doi: 10.1080/00221329809596145
  • Clary , E.G. , Snyder , M. , Ridge , R.D. , Copeland , J. , Stukas , A.A. , Haugen , J. and Miene , P. 1998 . Understanding and assessing the motivations of volunteers: A functional approach . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 74 ( 6 ) : 1516 – 1530 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1516
  • Colby , A. , Gibbs , J. , Lieberman , M. and Kohlberg , L. 1983 . A longitudinal study of moral judgment: A monograph for the society of research in child development , Chicago , IL : University of Chicago Press .
  • Corporation for National Community Service . 2011 . Volunteering in America research highlight . Retrieved from http://www.volunteeringinamerica.gov/assets/resources/FactSheetFinal.pdf
  • Costa , C.A. , Chalip , L. , Green , B.C. and Simes , C. 2006 . Reconsidering the role of training in event volunteers' satisfaction . Sport Management Review , 9 : 165 – 182 . doi: 10.1016/S1441-3523(06)70024-9
  • Crain , W.C. 1985 . Theories of development: Concept and applications , 2nd ed. , Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice-Hall .
  • Crandall , R. 1979 . Social interaction, affect and leisure . Journal of Leisure Research , 11 : 165 – 181 .
  • Cullen , J.B. , Parboteeah , K.P. and Victor , B. 2003 . The effects of ethical climates on organizational commitment: A two-study analysis . Journal of Business Ethics , 46 : 127 – 141 . doi: 10.1023/A:1025089819456
  • Cuskelly , G. and Boag , A. 2001 . Organisational commitment as a predictor of committee member turnover among volunteer sport administrators: Results of a time-lagged study . Sport Management Review , 4 : 65 – 86 . doi: 10.1016/S1441-3523(01)70070-8
  • Cuskelly , G. , Harrington , M. and Stebbins , R.A. 2002/2003 . Changing levels of organizational commitment amongst sport volunteers: A serious leisure approach . Leisure/Loisir , 27 ( 3/4 ) : 191 – 212 . doi: 10.1080/14927713.2002.9651303
  • Cuskelly , G. , Hoye , R. and Auld , C. 2006 . Working with volunteers in sport: Theory and practice , New York , NY : Routledge .
  • Cuskelly , G. , McIntyre , N. and Boag , A. 1998 . A longitudinal study of the development of organizational commitment among volunteer sport administrators . Journal of Sport Management , 12 : 181 – 202 .
  • Cuskelly , G. , Taylor , T. , Hoye , R. and Darcy , S. 2006 . Volunteer management practices and volunteer retention: A human resource management approach . Sport Management Review , 9 : 141 – 163 . doi: 10.1016/S1441-3523(06)70023-7
  • Dawley , D.D. , Stephens , R.D. and Stephens , D.B. 2005 . Dimensionality of organizational commitment in volunteer workers: Chamber of commerce board members and role fulfillment . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 67 : 511 – 525 . doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2004.09.001
  • Doherty , A.J. and Carron , A.V. 2003 . Cohesion in volunteer sport executive committees . Journal of Management , 12 : 181 – 202 .
  • Ellemers , N. , De Gilder , D. and Haslam , S.A. 2004 . Motivating individuals and groups at work: A social identity perspective on leadership and group performance . Academy of Management Review , 29 : 459 – 478 .
  • Fairley , S. , Kellett , P. and Green , B.C. 2007 . Volunteering abroad: Motives for travel to volunteer at the Athens Olympic Games . Journal of Sport Management , 21 : 41 – 57 .
  • Farrell , J.M. , Johnston , M.E. and Twynam , G.D. 1998 . Volunteer motivation, satisfaction, and management at an elite sporting competition . Journal of Sport Management , 12 : 288 – 300 .
  • Gautam , T. , Van Dick , R. and Wagner , U. 2004 . Organizational identification and organizational commitment: Distinct aspects of two related concepts . Asian Journal of Social Psychology , 7 ( 3 ) : 301 – 315 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-839X.2004.00150.x
  • Gilligan , C. 1982 . In a different voice: Women's conceptions of self and morality . Harvard Educational Review , 47 ( 4 ) : 481 – 517 .
  • Green , B.C. and Chalip , L. 2004 . “ Paths to volunteer commitment: Lessons from Sydney Olympic Games ” . In Volunteering as leisure/leisure as volunteering: An international assessment , Edited by: Stebbins , R.A. and Graham , M. 49 – 68 . Wallingford : CAB International .
  • Grube , J.A. and Piliavin , J.A. 2000 . Role identity, organizational experiences, and volunteer performance . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 26 : 1108 – 1120 . doi: 10.1177/01461672002611007
  • Harkness , S. , Edwards , C.P. and Super , C.M. 1981 . The claim to moral adequacy of a highest stage of moral judgment . Developmental Psychology , 17 ( 5 ) : 595 – 603 . doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.17.5.595
  • Haski-Leventhal , D. and Bargal , D. 2008 . The volunteer stages and transitions model: Organizational socialization of volunteers . Human Relations , 61 : 67 – 102 . doi: 10.1177/0018726707085946
  • Hauser , B.K. , Koontz , T.M. and Bruskotter , J.T. 2012 . Volunteer participation in collaborative watershed partnerships: Insights from the theory of planned behaviour . Journal of Environmental Planning and Management , 55 : 77 – 94 . doi: 10.1080/09640568.2011.581535
  • Independent Sector . 2001 . Giving and volunteering in the United States . Retrieved from http://www.angelfire.com/journal2/comunicarse7/GV01keyfind.pdf
  • Institution for Volunteering Research . 1998 . 1997 national survey of volunteering . Retrieved from www.ivr.org.uk/nationalsurvey.htm
  • Kanter , R.M. 1968 . Commitment and social organization: A study of commitment mechanism in utopian communities . American Sociological Review , 33 : 499 – 517 . doi: 10.2307/2092438
  • Kelman , H.C. 1958 . Compliance, identification, and internalization: Three processes of attitude change . Journal of Conflict Resolution , 2 : 51 – 60 . doi: 10.1177/002200275800200106
  • Kim , M. 2007 , November . Spreading volunteerism through the Olympic Games . Oral session presented at the 28th annual conference of North American Society of Sport Sociology , Pittsburgh , PA .
  • Kim , M. and Chelladurai , P. 2008 . Volunteer preferences for training: Influences of individual difference factors . International Journal of Sport Management , 9 : 233 – 249 .
  • Kim , M. , Chelladurai , P. and Trail , G.T. 2007 . A model of volunteer retention in youth sport . Journal of Sport Management , 21 : 151 – 171 .
  • Kim , M. , Patrice , J.N. and Rodríguez , A. 2008 . Influence of work status on organizational commitment and sport identity of university athletic department workers . Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics , 1 : 74 – 86 .
  • Kim , M. , Trail , G.T. , Lim , J. and Kim , Y.K. 2009 . The role of psychological contract in intention to continue volunteering . Journal of Sport Management , 23 : 549 – 573 .
  • Kim , M. , Won , D. and Harrolle , M.G. 2009 . The influences of gifts on perspective volunteers: A conjoint analysis . International Journal of Sport Management , 10 : 1 – 17 .
  • Kim , M. , Zhang , J.J. and Connaughton , D.P. 2010 . Modification of volunteer functions inventory for sport settings . Sport Management Review , 13 : 25 – 38 . doi: 10.1016/j.smr.2009.04.005
  • Knippenberg , D.V. and Sleebos , E. 2006 . Organizational identification versus organizational commitment: Self-definition, social exchange, and job attitudes . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 27 : 571 – 584 . doi: 10.1002/job.359
  • Kohlberg , L. 1969 . “ Stage and sequence: The cognitive-developmental approach to socialization ” . In Handbook of socialization theory and research , Edited by: Goslin , D.A. 347 – 480 . Chicago , IL : Rand McNally .
  • Kohlberg , L. 1986 . The philosophy of moral development , San Francisco , CA : Harper and Row .
  • Kunda , Z. and Schwartz , S. 1983 . Undermining intrinsic moral motivation: External reward and self-presentation . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 45 : 763 – 771 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.45.4.763
  • Lambert , E.G. , Hogan , N.L. and Jiang , S. 2008 . Exploring antecedents of five types of organizational commitment among correctional staff: It matters what you measure . Criminal Justice Policy Review , 19 : 466 – 490 . doi: 10.1177/0887403408320460
  • Lee , J. and Peccei , R. 2007 . Organizational-level gender dissimilarity and employee commitment . British Journal of Industrial Relations , 45 : 687 – 712 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8543.2007.00644.x
  • Liao-Troth , M.A. 2001 . Attitude differences between paid workers and volunteers . Nonprofit Management and Leadership , 11 : 423 – 442 . doi: 10.1002/nml.11403
  • Mesch , D.J. , Tschirhart , M. , Perry , J.L. and Lee , G. 1998 . Altruists or egoists: Retention in stipended service . Nonprofit Management and Leadership , 9 : 3 – 21 . doi: 10.1002/nml.9101
  • Meyer , J.P. and Allen , N.J. 1991 . A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment . Human Resource Management Review , 1 : 61 – 89 . doi: 10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
  • Meyer , J.P. and Allen , N.J. 1997 . Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research, and application , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage Publications .
  • Meyer , J.P. , Allen , N.J. and Smith , C.A. 1993 . Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three-component conceptualization . Journal of Applied Psychology , 78 : 538 – 551 . doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.78.4.538
  • Meyer , J.P. , Paunonen , S.V. , Gellatly , I.R. , Goffin , R.D. and Jackson , D.N. 1989 . Organizational commitment and job performance: It's the nature of the commitment that counts . Journal of Applied Psychology , 74 : 152 – 156 . doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.74.1.152
  • Meyer , J.P. , Stanley , D.J. , Herscovitch , L. and Topolnytsky , L. 2002 . Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 61 ( 1 ) : 20 – 52 . doi: 10.1006/jvbe.2001.1842
  • Mowday , R.T. , Porter , L.W. and Steers , R.M. 1982 . Employee-organization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover , New York , NY : Academic Press .
  • Park , S.H. 2009 . The causal relationships among involvement, satisfaction, and organizational commitment for volunteers in recreational sport programs . Journal of Leisure and Recreation Studies , 33 ( 3 ) : 193 – 203 .
  • Park , S.H. 2010 . The influence of respect from the organization and affective organizational commitment among volunteers for leisure service . Journal of Leisure and Recreation Studies , 34 ( 3 ) : 141 – 148 .
  • Pauline , G. 2011 . Volunteer satisfaction and intent to remain: An analysis of contributing factors among professional golf event volunteers . International Journal of Event Management Research , 6 : 10 – 32 .
  • Pearce , J.L. 1993 . Volunteers: The organizational behavior of unpaid workers , New York , NY : Routledge .
  • Piaget , J. 1932 . The moral judgment of the child , London : Routledge and Kegan Paul .
  • Planty , M. , Bozick , R. and Regnier , M. 2006 . Helping because you have to or helping because you want to? Sustaining participation in service work from adolescence to young adulthood . Youth and Society , 38 : 177 – 202 . doi: 10.1177/0044118X06287961
  • Prestholdt , P.H. , Lane , I.M. and Mathews , R.C. 1987 . Nurse turnover as reasoned action: Development of a process model . Journal of Applied Psychology , 72 ( 2 ) : 221 – 227 . doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.72.2.221
  • Pulis , L. , & Hoye , R. 2010 , September . The relationship between sport event volunteers' commitment, satisfaction, and perceived organizational support . Oral session presented at the 18th annual conference of European Association for Sport Management , Prague , Czech Republic .
  • Rest , J. , Narvaez , D. , Bebeau , M. and Thoma , S. 1999 . DIT-2: Devising and testing a new instrument of moral judgment . Journal of Educational Psychology , 91 : 644 – 659 . doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.91.4.644
  • Rousseau , D.M. 1995 . Psychological contracts in organization: Understanding written and unwritten agreements , Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
  • Ryan , R.M. and Deci , E.L. 2000 . Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being . American Psychologist , 55 : 68 – 78 . doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
  • Schminke , M. , Ambrose , M.L. and Neubaum , D.O. 2005 . The effect of leader moral development on ethical climate and employee attitudes . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 97 : 135 – 151 . doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.03.006
  • Schnodel , C.K. and Kathryn , E. 2000 . Motivational needs of adolescent volunteers . Adolescence , 35 ( 138 ) : 335 – 344 .
  • Scholl , R.W. 1981 . Differentiating organizational commitment from expectancy as a motivating force . Academy of Management Review , 4 : 589 – 599 .
  • Stebbins , R.A. 1996 . Volunteering: A serious leisure perspective . Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly , 25 : 211 – 224 . doi: 10.1177/0899764096252005
  • Stephens , R.D. , Dawley , D.D. and Stephens , D.B. 2004 . Commitment on the board: A model of volunteer directors’ levels of organizational commitment and self-reported performance . Journal of Managerial Issues , 16 : 483 – 504 .
  • Street , M.D. 1995 . Cognitive moral development and organizational commitment: Two potential predictors of whistle-blowing . Journal of Applied Business Research , 11 ( 4 ) : 104 – 110 .
  • Strelow , J.S. , Larsen , J.S. , Sallis , J.F. , Conway , T.L. , Powers , H.S. and Mckenzie , T.L. 2002 . Factors influencing the performance of volunteers who provide physical activity in middle schools . Journal of School Health , 72 ( 4 ) : 147 – 151 . doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2002.tb06534.x
  • Taylor , T. , Darcy , S. , Hoye , R. and Cuskelly , G. 2006 . Using psychological contract theory to explore issues in effective volunteer management . European Sport Management Quarterly , 6 : 123 – 147 . doi: 10.1080/16184740600954122
  • Tyler , T.R. and Blader , S.L. 2001 . Identity and cooperative behavior in groups . Group Processes and Intergroup Relations , 4 : 207 – 226 . doi: 10.1177/1368430201004003003
  • Tyler , T.R. and Blader , S.L. 2002 . Autonomous vs. comparative status: Must we be better than others to feel good about ourselves? . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 89 : 813 – 838 . doi: 10.1016/S0749-5978(02)00031-6
  • Tyler , T.R. and Blader , S.L. 2003 . The group engagement model: Procedural justice, social identity, and cooperative behavior . Personality and Social Psychology Review , 7 ( 4 ) : 349 – 361 . doi: 10.1207/S15327957PSPR0704_07
  • Villacorta , M. , Koestner , R. and Lekes , N. 2003 . Further validation of the motivation toward the environment scale . Environment and Behavior , 35 : 486 – 505 . doi: 10.1177/0013916503035004003
  • Walker , L.J. 1989 . A longitudinal study of moral reasoning . Child Development , 60 ( 1 ) : 157 – 166 . doi: 10.2307/1131081
  • Weeks , W.A. , Loe , T.W. , Chonko , L.B. , Martinez , C.R. and Wakefield , K. 2006 . Cognitive moral development and the impact of perceived organizational ethical climate on the search for sales force excellence: A cross-cultural study . Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management , 26 ( 2 ) : 205 – 217 . doi: 10.2753/PSS0885-3134260207
  • Weeks , W.A. , Loe , T.W. , Chonko , L.B. and Wakefield , K. 2004 . The effect of perceived ethical climate on the search for sales force excellence . Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management , 24 ( 3 ) : 199 – 213 .
  • Wiener , Y. 1982 . Commitment in organizations: A normative view . Academy of Management Review , 7 : 418 – 428 .
  • Wiener , Y. and Vardi , Y. 1980 . Relationships between job, organization, and career commitments and work outcomes – an integrative approach . Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , 15 : 54 – 62 .
  • Young , R.A. and Kent , A.T. 1985 . Using the theory of reasoned action to improve the understanding of recreation behavior . Journal of Leisure Research , 17 : 90 – 106 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.