2,362
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Using critical realism: a new perspective on control of volunteers in sport clubs

Pages 5-31 | Received 25 Oct 2012, Accepted 25 Oct 2012, Published online: 03 Dec 2012

References

  • Adams , A. and Deane , J. 2009 . Exploring formal and informal dimensions of sports volunteering in England . European Sport Management Quarterly , 9 ( 2 ) : 119 – 140 . doi: 10.1080/16184740802571401
  • Agarwal , S. 1999 . Impact of job formalization and administrative controls on attitudes of industrial salespersons . Industrial Marketing Management , 28 ( 4 ) : 359 – 368 . doi: 10.1016/S0019-8501(98)00026-1
  • Albert , S. , Ashforth , B.E. and Dutton , J.E. 2000 . Organizational identity and identification: Charting new waters and building new bridges . Academy of Management Review , 25 ( 1 ) : 13 – 17 . doi: 10.5465/AMR.2000.2791600
  • Altheide , D.L. 1996 . Qualitative media analysis , London : Sage .
  • Alvesson , M. and Karreman , D. 2004 . Interfaces of control: Technocratic socio-ideological control in a global management consultancy firm . Accounting Organizations and Society , 29 ( 3–4 ) : 423 – 444 . doi: 10.1016/S0361-3682(03)00034-5
  • Alvesson , M. and Willmott , H. 2002 . Identity regulation as organisation control: Producing the appropriate individual . Journal of Management Studies , 39 ( 5 ) : 619 – 644 . doi: 10.1111/1467-6486.00305
  • Anthony , R.N. , Dearden , J. and Bedford , N. 1989 . Management control systems , 5th ed , Homewood , IL : Irwin .
  • Anthony , R. and Young , D. 1988 . Management control in non-profit organizations , 4th ed , Homewood , IL : Irwin .
  • Ashforth , B.E. and Saks , A.M. 2000 . Personal control in organisations: A longitudinal investigation with newcomers . Human Relations , 53 ( 3 ) : 311 – 339 . doi: 10.1177/0018726700533002
  • Barker , J.R. 1993 . Tightening the iron cage: Concertive control in self-managing teams . Administrative Science Quarterly , 38 : 408 – 437 . doi: 10.2307/2393374
  • Blau , P.M. and Scott , W.R. 1962 . Formal organizations: A comparative approach , San Francisco , CA : Chandler .
  • Boden , C. 1994 . The business of talk , Oxford : Polity Press, Blackwell Publishers .
  • Bourdieu , P. 1989 . Distinction. A social critique of the judgement of taste , London : Routledge .
  • Bourdieu , P. 1985 . The social space and the genesis of groups . Theory and Society , 14 : 723 – 744 . doi: 10.1007/BF00174048
  • Burns , T. and Stalker , G.M. 1961 . The management of innovation , London : Tavistock .
  • Byers , T. , Henry , I. and Slack , T. 2007 . “ Understanding control in voluntary sport organisations ” . In International perspectives on the management of sport , Edited by: Parent , M.M. and Slack , T. 269 – 286 . London : Elsevier .
  • Callahan , J. 2000 . Emotion management and organizational functions: A case study of patterns in a not-for-profit organization . Human Resource Development Quarterly , 11 ( 3 ) : 245 – 267 . doi: 10.1002/1532-1096(200023)11:3 3.0.CO;2-J
  • Cardinal , L.B. , Sitkin , S.B. and Long , C.P. 2004 . Balancing and rebalancing in the creation and evolution of organizational control . Organization Science , 15 ( 4 ) : 411 – 431 . doi: 10.1287/orsc.1040.0084
  • Chia , R. 2000 . Discourse analysis as organizational analysis . Organization , 7 ( 3 ) : 513 – 518 . doi: 10.1177/135050840073009
  • Child , J. 1975 . Managerial and organisational factors associated with company performance – part II, a contingency analysis . Journal of Management Studies , 7 : 12 – 27 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.1975.tb00884.x
  • Child , J. 2005 . Organization: Contemporary principles and practice , Oxford : Blackwell .
  • Collins , M.F. and Kay , T. 2003 . Sport and social exclusion , London : Routledge .
  • Coombs , R. , Knights , D. and Wilmott , H.C. 1992 . Culture, control and competition: Towards a conceptual framework for the study of information technology in organizations . Organization Studies , 13 ( 1 ) : 51 – 72 . doi: 10.1177/017084069201300106
  • Cunningham , I. 2000 . Managing employee commitment in the UK voluntary sector: A frontier for further research . Management Research News , 23 ( 9/10/11 ) : 45 – 47 .
  • Daft , R.L. 2009 . Organization theory and design , Mason , OH : Southwestern College Learning .
  • Das , T.K. and Teng , B.S. 1998 . Between trust and control: Developing confidence in partner cooperation in alliances . Academy of Management Review , 23 ( 3 ) : 491 – 512 .
  • DCMS 2002 . Department for culture media and sport annual report . Retrieved from http://www.culture.gov.uk/Reference_library/Annual_Reports/ar_2002.htm
  • Delbridge , R. and Ezzamel , M. 2005 . The strength of difference: Contemporary conceptions of control . Organization , 12 ( 5 ) : 603 – 618 . doi: 10.1177/1350508405055937
  • DiMaggio , P.J. 1988 . “ Interest and agency in institutional theory ” . In Research on institutional patterns and organizations: Culture and environment , Edited by: Zucker , L. 3 – 22 . Cambridge , MA : Ballinger .
  • Downward , P. 2005 . Critical (realist) reflection on policy and management research in Sport, Tourism and Sports Tourism . European Sport Management Quarterly , 5 ( 3 ) : 303 – 320 . doi: 10.1080/16184740500190702
  • Duncan , R. 1972 . Characteristics of organisational environments and perceived uncertainty . Administrative Science Quarterly , 17 : 3 – 27 . doi: 10.2307/2392145
  • Ferner , A. 2000 . The underpinnings of ‘bureaucratic’ control systems: HRM in European multi-nationals . Journal of Management Studies , 37 ( 4 ) : 521 – 539 . doi: 10.1111/1467-6486.00192
  • Fineman , S. 1993 . Emotion in organizations , London : Sage .
  • Fineman , S. 1999 . “ Emotion and organizing ” . In Handbook of organization studies , Edited by: Clegg , S. , Hardy , C. and Nord , W.R. 543 – 564 . London : Sage .
  • Fineman , S. . 2000 . Emotion in organizations . London : Sage .
  • Fortado , B. 1994 . Informal supervisory social control strategies . Journal of Management Studies , 31 ( 2 ) : 251 – 274 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.1994.tb00774.x
  • Friederici , M.R. , & Heinemann , K. 2007 . Sport clubs – Computer usage – Emotions . In M. Parent and Slack , International perspectives on the management of sport (pp. 287 – 315 ). London : Elsevier .
  • Garfinkel , E. 1967 . Studies in ethnomethodology , Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice Hall .
  • Garrett , R. 2004 . The response of voluntary sport clubs to Sport England's Lottery funding: Cases of compliance, change and resistance . Managing Leisure , 9 : 13 – 29 . doi: 10.1080/1360671042000182973
  • Glover , J.G. and Coleman , L.M. 1937 . Managerial control , New York , NY : Ronald .
  • Green , S.G. and Welsh , M.A. 1988 . Cybernetics and dependence: Reframing the concept of control . Academy of Management Review , 13 ( 2 ) : 287 – 301 .
  • Gupta , A.K. and Govindarajan , V. 1991 . Knowledge flows and the structure of control within multi-national corporations . Academy of Management Review , 16 ( 4 ) : 768 – 792 .
  • Hochschild , A.R. 1979 . “ The sociology of feelings and emotions: Selected possibilities ” . In Another voice , Edited by: Millman , M. and Kanter , R. 280 – 307 . Garden City : Anchor .
  • Hochschild , A.R. 1983 . The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling , London : University of California Press .
  • Hoffman , A. and Ventresca , M. 2002 . “ Introduction ” . In Organizations, policy and the natural environment: Institutional and strategic perspectives , Edited by: Hoffman , A. and Ventresca , M. 1 – 38 . Stanford , CA : Stanford University Press .
  • Hollinger , R.C. and Clark , J.P. 1982 . Formal and informal social controls of employee deviance . Sociological Quarterly , 23 : 33 – 43 . doi: 10.1111/j.1533-8525.1982.tb01016.x
  • Holy , L. 1984 . “ Theory, methodology and the research process ” . In Ethnographic research: A guide to general conduct , Edited by: Ellen , R.F. 13 – 24 . London : Academic Press .
  • Hopwood , A. 1974 . Accounting and human behaviour , London : Prentice Hall .
  • Inglis , S. 1997 . Roles of the board in amateur sport organizations . Journal of Sport Management , 11 ( 2 ) : 160 – 176 .
  • Johnson , P. and Gill , J. 1993 . Management control and organizational behaviour , London : Paul Chapman .
  • Kay , T. and Bradbury , S. 2009 . Youth sport volunteering: Developing social capital? . Sport, Education and Society , 14 ( 1 ) : 121 – 140 . doi: 10.1080/13573320802615288
  • Kelman , H. 1961 . The processes of opinion change . Public Opinion , 25 : 57 – 78 . doi: 10.1086/266996
  • Kendall , J. 2003 . The voluntary sector , London : Routledge .
  • Khandwalla , P.N. 1977 . The design of organizations , New York , NY : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich .
  • Kim , M. , Zhang , J.J. and Connaughton , D.P. 2010 . Comparison of volunteer motivations in different youth sport organizations . European Sport Management Quarterly , 10 ( 3 ) : 343 – 366 . doi: 10.1080/16184741003770198
  • Kirk , D. and MacPhail , A. 2003 . Social positioning and the construction of a youth sport club . International Review for the Sociology of Sport , 38 ( 1 ) : 23 – 24 .
  • Kirsch , L.J. 2004 . Deploying common systems globally: The dynamics of control . Information Systems Research , 15 ( 4 ) : 374 – 395 . doi: 10.1287/isre.1040.0036
  • Lawrence , P.R. and Lorsch , J.W. 1967 . Organization and environment: Managing differentiation and integration , Boston , MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Leca , B. and Naccache , P. 2006 . A critical realist approach to institutional entrepreneurship . Organization , 13 ( 5 ) : 627 – 651 . doi: 10.1177/1350508406067007
  • Llewellyn , S. 2007 . Introducing the agents . Organization Studies , 28 ( 2 ) : 133 – 153 . doi: 10.1177/0170840606067993
  • Lorsch , J.W. and Morse , J.J. 1974 . Organisations and their members: A contingency approach , New York , NY : Harper & Row .
  • Lounsbury , M. 2003 . “ The problem of order revisited: Toward a more critical institutional perspective ” . In Debating organizations , Edited by: Westwood , R. and Clegg , S. 210 – 219 . Oxford : Blackwell .
  • Maguire , S. 1999 . The discourse of control . Journal of Business Ethics , 19 : 109 – 114 . doi: 10.1023/A:1006162308722
  • Maguire , S. , Phillips , N. and Hardy , C. 2001 . When ‘silence = death’, keep talking: Trust, control and the discursive construction of identity in the Canadian HIV/AIDS treatment domain . Organization Studies , 22 ( 2 ) : 285 – 310 . doi: 10.1177/0170840601222005
  • Manz , C.C. and Simms , H.P. 1989 . Super leadership: Leading others to lead themselves , Berkeley , CA : Prentice-Hall .
  • Marsh , D. 1999 . Post War British politics in perspective , London : Polity Press .
  • Marsh , D. and Smith , M.J. 2001 . There is more than one way to do political science: On different ways to study policy networks . Political Studies , 49 ( 3 ) : 528 – 541 . doi: 10.1111/1467-9248.00325
  • Meira , J. , Kartalis , N.D. , Tamenyi , M. and Cullen , J. 2010 . Management controls and inter-firm relationships: A review . Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change , 6 ( 1 ) : 149 – 169 . doi: 10.1108/18325911011025731
  • Misener , K. , Doherty , A. and Hamm-Kerwin , S. 2010 . Learning from the experiences of older adult volunteers in sport: A serious leisure perspective . Journal of Leisure Research , 42 : 267 – 290 .
  • Nichols , G. and Ojala , E. 2009 . Understanding the management of sports events volunteers through psychological contract theory . VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations , 20 ( 4 ) : 369 – 387 . doi: 10.1007/s11266-009-9097-9
  • Nichols , G. , & Padmore , J. 2005 . Who are the volunteers in sports clubs? Sheffield University Management School , working paper .
  • Nichols , G. and Shepherd , M. 2006 . Volunteering in sport: The use of ratio analysis to analyse volunteering and participation . Managing Leisure , 11 : 205 – 216 . doi: 10.1080/13606710600893684
  • Nichols , G. , Taylor , P. , James , M. , Holmes , K. , King , L. and Garrett , R. 2005 . Pressures on the UK voluntary sport sector . International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations , 16 ( 1 ) : 33 – 50 . doi: 10.1007/s11266-005-3231-0
  • Oliga , J.C. 1989 . Power, ideology and control , London : Plenum Press .
  • Ouchi , W.G. 1977 . The relationship between organizational structure and organizational control . Administrative Science Quarterly , 22 : 95 – 112 . doi: 10.2307/2391748
  • Papadimitriou , D. 2002 . Amateur structures and their effect on performance: The case of Greek voluntary sport clubs . Managing Leisure , 7 ( 4 ) : 205 – 219 . doi: 10.1080/1360671021000056570
  • Pauline , G. and Pauline , J.S. 2009 . Volunteer motivation and demographic influences at a professional tennis event . Team Performance Management , 15 ( 3/4 ) : 172 – 184 . doi: 10.1108/13527590910964946
  • Pearce , J. 1993 . Volunteers: The organizational behavior of unpaid workers , London : Routledge .
  • Pearson , K. 1982 . Conflicting interests in organizational goals in voluntary associations . Sportwissenscaft , 11 : 169 – 182 .
  • Perrow , C.A. 1967 . A framework for the comparative analysis of organizations . American Sociological Review , 32 : 194 – 208 . doi: 10.2307/2091811
  • Perrow , C. 1995 . “ Why bureaucracy? ” . In Foundations of organizational communication: A reader , Edited by: Corman , S.R. , Banks , S.P. , Bantz , C.R. and Mayer , M.E. 28 – 50 . White Plains , NY : Longmans .
  • Pfister , G. 2006 . Gender issues in Danish sports organizations: Experiences, attitudes and evaluations . Nordic Journal of Women's Studies , 14 ( 1 ) : 27 – 40 . doi: 10.1080/08038740600789267
  • Phillips , N. , Lawrence , T.B. and Hardy , C. 2004 . Discourse and institutions . Academy of Management Review , 29 : 635 – 652 .
  • Pugh , D.S. , Hickson , D.J. , Hinings , C.R. , Macdonald , K.M. , Turner , C. and Lupton , T. 1963 . A conceptual scheme for organizational analysis . Administrative Science Quarterly , 8 ( 3 ) : 289 – 315 . doi: 10.2307/2390971
  • Reed , M.I. 1997 . In praise of duality and dualism: Rethinking agency and structure in organizational analysis . Organization Studies , 18 ( 1 ) : 21 – 42 . doi: 10.1177/017084069701800103
  • Reed , M. 2005 . Doing the loco-motion: Response to Contu and Wilmott's commentary on ‘The Realist turn in organization and management studies’ . Journal of Management Studies , 42 ( 8 ) : 1663 – 1673 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2005.00561.x
  • Reed , M. 2009 . “ Critical realism: Philosophy, method, or philosophy in search of a method? ” . In The Sage handbook of organizational research methods , Edited by: Buchanan , D.A. and Bryman , A. London : Sage .
  • Saeki , T. 1994 . The conflict between tradition and modernization in a sport organization: A sociological study of issues surrounding the organizational reformation of the all Japan Judo Federation . International Review for the Sociology of Sport , 29 ( 3 ) : 301 doi: 10.1177/101269029402900305
  • Said , E.W. 1994 . Culture and imperialism , New York , NY : Vintage Books .
  • Seippel , Ø. 2004 . The world according to voluntary sport organizations: Voluntarism, economy and facilities . International Review for the Sociology of Sport , 39 ( 2 ) : 223 – 232 . doi: 10.1177/1012690204043465
  • Seippel , Ø. 2005 . Sport, civil society and social integration . Journal of Civil Society , 1 ( 3 ) : 65 – 78 . doi: 10.1080/17448680500484483
  • Shibli , S. , Taylor , P. , Nichols , G. , Gratton , C. and Kokolakakis , T. 1999 . The characteristics of volunteers in UK sports clubs . European Journal for Sport Management , 6 ( special issue ) : 10 – 27 .
  • Simon , H. 1945 . Administrative behavior: A study of decision-making processes in administrative organization , 1st ed , New York , NY : Macmillan .
  • Slack , T. 1997 . Understanding sport organizations , Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics .
  • Sport England . 2003 . Sports volunteering in England in 2002: A summary report . London : Sport England .
  • Stopford , J.M. and Wells , L.T. 1972 . Managing the multinational enterprise , London : Longman .
  • Styre , A. 2008 . Management control in bureaucratic and postbureaucratic organizations: A lacanian perspective . Group and Organization Management , 33 ( 6 ) : 635 – 656 . doi: 10.1177/1059601108325697
  • Tankersley , W.B. 2000 . The impact of external control arrangements on organizational performance . Administration and Society , 32 ( 3 ) : 282 – 304 . doi: 10.1177/00953990022019434
  • Taylor , F.W. 1906 . On the art of cutting metals, paper no. 1119 . Transactions (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) , 27 : 31 – 350 .
  • Taylor , P. , Nichols , G. , Holmes , K. , James , M. , Gratton , C. , Garrett , R. and King , L. 2003 . Sports volunteering in England: A report for Sport England , Sheffield : Leisure Industries Research Centre .
  • Thompson , J.D. 1967 . Organizations in action , Maidenhead : McGraw Hill .
  • Thompson , D. . 1995 . The concise oxford dictionary of current English . Oxford : Clarendon Press .
  • Tiedens , L.Z. 2000 . “ Powerful emotions: The vicious cycle of social status positions and emotions ” . In Emotions in the workplace: Research: Theory and practice , Edited by: Ashkanasy , N.M. , Hartel , C.E.J. and Zerbe , W.J. 71 – 81 . Westport , CT : Quorum Books .
  • Torfing , J. 1999 . New theories of discourse , Oxford : Blackwell .
  • Tosi , H. 1983 . The organizational control structure . Journal of Business Research , 11 ( 3 ) : 271 – 279 . doi: 10.1016/0148-2963(83)90012-7
  • Tsoukas , H. 1993 . Analogical reasoning and knowledge generation in organisation theory . Organization Studies , 14 ( 3 ) : 323 – 346 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8551.1994.tb00080.x
  • Tsoukas , H. 1994 . What is management? An outline of a metatheory . British Journal of Management , 5 : 289 – 301 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8551.1994.tb00080.x
  • Van Maanen , J. , & Schein , E.H. 1979 . Towards a theory of organisational socialisation . In B.M. Straw , Research in organizational behaviour (Vol. 1 , pp. 209 – 264 .). Greenwich , CT : JAI Press .
  • Vos , S. , Breesch , D. , & Sheerder , J. 2011 . Undeclared work in non-profit sports clubs: A mixed methods approach for assessing the size and motives . VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Non-Profit Organizations , 23 ( 4 ), 846 – 869 . Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11266-011-9232-2
  • Woodward , J. 1965 . Industrial organisation, theory and practise , London : Oxford University Press .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.