2,472
Views
74
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Rival conceptions of rivalry: why some competitions mean more than others

&
Pages 227-248 | Received 30 Dec 2012, Accepted 30 Dec 2014, Published online: 23 Feb 2015

References

  • Armstrong, G., & Giulianotti, R. (Eds.). (2001). Fear and loathing in world football. Oxford: Berg.
  • Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 14, 20–39.
  • Baimbridge, M., Cameron, S., & Dawson, P. (1996). Satellite television and the demand for football: A whole new ball game. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 43, 317–333. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9485.1996.tb00848.x
  • Bale, J. (1986). Sport and national identity: A geographical view. International Journal of the History of Sport, 3(1), 18–41. doi:10.1080/02649378608713587
  • Benkwitz, A., & Molnar, G. (2012). Interpreting and exploring football fan rivalries: An overview. Soccer & Society, 13, 479–494. doi:10.1080/14660970.2012.677224
  • Bettencourt, B. A., Charlton, K., Dorr, N., & Hume, D. L. (2001). Status differences and in-group bias: A meta-analytic examination of the effects of status stability, status legitimacy, and group permeability. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 520–542. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.4.520
  • Bourdieu, P. (1985). The social space and the genesis of groups. Theory and Society, 14(6), 723–744. doi:10.1007/BF00174048
  • Bourdieu, P. (1987). What makes a social class? On the theoretical and practical existence of groups. Berkeley Journal of Sociology, 32, 1–17.
  • Boyd, D. W., & Boyd, L. A. (1998). The home field advantage: Implications for the pricing of tickets to professional team sporting events. Journal of Economics and Finance, 22(2–3), 169–179. doi:10.1007/BF02771486
  • Boyd, T. C., & Krehbiel, T. C. (2003). Promotion timing in major league baseball and the stacking effects of factors that increase game attractiveness. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 12, 173–183.
  • Brewer, M. B. (1991). The social self: On being the same and different at the same time. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 475–482. doi:10.1177/0146167291175001
  • Brewer, M. B. (1993). Social identity, distinctiveness, and in-group homogeneity. Social Cognition, 11(1), 150–164. doi:10.1521/soco.1993.11.1.150
  • Branscombe, N. R., & Wann, D. L. (1994). Collective self-esteem consequences of outgroup derogation when a valued social identity is on trial. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24, 641–657. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420240603
  • Buraimo, B. (2007). Stadium attendance and television audience demand in English league football. Managerial and Decision Economics, Early view. Retrieved on May 18, 2008, from http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/116838514/PDFSTART
  • Butler, M. R. (2002). Interleague play and baseball attendance. Journal of Sports Economics, 3, 320–334. doi:10.1177/152700202237498
  • Campbell, D. T. (1965). Ethnocentric and other altruistic motives. In D. Levine (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation (pp. 283–311). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Campbell, R. M., Aiken, D., & Kent, A. (2004). Beyond BIRGing and CORFing: Continuing the exploration of fan behavior. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 13, 151–157.
  • Chen, M. (1996). Competitor analysis and interfirm rivalry: Toward a theoretical integration. Academy of Management Review, 21, 100–134.
  • Cialdini, R. B., Borden, R. J., Thorne, A., Walker, M. R., Freeman, S., & Sloan, L. R. (1976). Basking in reflected glory: Three (football) field studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 366–375. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.34.3.366
  • Cook, S. W. (1985). Experimenting on social issues: The case of school desegregation. American Psychologist, 40, 452–460. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.40.4.452
  • Coyne, I. T. (1997). Sampling in qualitative research. Purposeful and theoretical sampling; merging or clear boundaries? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26, 623–630. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.t01-25-00999.x
  • Creswell, J. W., Plano Clark, V. L., Gutmann, M. L., & Hanson, W. E. (2003). Advanced mixed methods research designs. In A. Tashakkori & C. Teddlie (Eds.), Handbook of mixed methods in social & behavioral research (pp. 209–240). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Dalakas, V., & Melancon, J. P. (2012). Fan identification, schadenfreude toward hated rivals, and the mediating effects of Importance of Winning Index (IWIN). Journal of Services Marketing, 26(1), 51–59. doi:10.1108/08876041211199724
  • Dietz-Uhler, B. (1999). Defensive reactions to group-relevant information. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 2(1), 17–29. doi:10.1177/1368430299021002
  • Dmowski, S. (2013). Geographic typology of European football rivalries. Soccer & Society, 14, 331–343. doi:10.1080/14660970.2013.801264
  • Elias, N., & Scotson, J. (1994). The established and the outsiders: A sociological enquiry into community problems (2nd edition). London: Sage.
  • ESPN. (2010, March 5). Gordon: NASCAR needs some rivalries to stir it up. Associated Press. Retrieved February 2, 2015, from http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?id=4969912
  • Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117–140. doi:10.1177/001872675400700202
  • Finn, G. P. T., & Giulianotti, R. (2000). Football culture: Local contests, global visions. Portland, OR: Frank Cass.
  • Ford, J. K., MacCallum, R. C., & Tait, M. (1986). The application of exploratory factor analysis in applied psychology: A critical review and analysis. Personnel Psychology, 39, 291–314. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1986.tb00583.x
  • Fort, R., & Maxcy, J. (2003). “Competitive balance in sports leagues: An introduction”. Journal of Sports Economics, 4, 154–160. doi:10.1177/1527002503004002005
  • García, J., & Rodríguez, P. (2002). The determinants of football match attendance revisited: Empirical evidence from the Spanish football league. Journal of Sports Economics, 3, 18–38.
  • Gimeno, J., & Woo, C. Y. (1999). Multimarket contact, economies of scope, and firm performance. Academy of Management Journal, 42, 239–259. doi:10.2307/256917
  • Giulianotti, R., & Armstrong, G. (2002). Avenues of contestation. Football hooligans running and ruling urban spaces. Social Anthropology, 10, 211–238. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8676.2002.tb00055.x
  • Goertz, G., & Diehl, P. F. (1993). Enduring rivalries: Theoretical constructs and empirical patterns. International Studies Quarterly, 37(2), 147–171. doi:10.2307/2600766
  • Goffman, E. (1959/1998). The presentation of self in everyday life. In C. Lemert & A. Branaman (Eds.), The Goffman reader (pp. 21–25). Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Goffman, E. (1967/2003). On face-work: An analysis of ritual elements in social interaction. Reflections: The SoL Journal, 4(3), 7–13.
  • Goodger, J. M., & Goodger, B. C. (1989). Excitement and representation: Toward a sociological explanation of the significance of sport in modern society. Quest, 41, 257–272. doi:10.1080/00336297.1989.10483974
  • Goodhead, G. (2003). Us vs them: Journeys to the world's greatest football derbies. New York, NY: Viking.
  • Gorsuch, R. L. (1990). Common factor analysis versus component analysis: Some well and little known facts. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25(1), 33–39. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr2501_3
  • Groza, M. D. (2010). NCAA conference realignment and football game day attendance. Managerial and Decision Economics, 31, 517–529. doi:10.1002/mde.1506
  • Hassan, D. (2006). Sport, identity, and the people of the Irish border lands. New Hibernia Review, 10(2), 26–43. doi:10.1353/nhr.2006.0039
  • Hausman, J. A., & Leonard, G. K. (1997). Superstars in the National Basketball Association: Economic value and policy. Journal of Labor Economics, 15, 586–624. doi:10.1086/209839
  • Havard, C. T. (2014). Glory out of reflected failure: The examination of how rivalry affects sport fans. Sport Management Review, 17, 243–253. doi:10.1016/j.smr.2013.09.002
  • Havard, C. T., Gray, D. P., Gould, J., Sharp, L. A., & Schaffer, J. J. (2013). Development and validation of the Sport Rivalry Fan Perception Scale (SRFPS). Journal of Sport Behavior, 36, 45–65.
  • Havard, C. T., Wann, D. L., & Ryan, T. D. (2013). Investigating the impact of conference realignment on rivalry in intercollegiate athletics. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 22, 224–234.
  • Hewstone, M., Rubin, M., & Willis, H. (2002). Intergroup bias. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 575–604. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135109
  • Hogg, M. A. (1992). The social psychology of group cohesiveness: From attraction to social identity. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • Hogg, M. A. (2003). Social identity. In M. Leary, & J. P. Tangey (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (pp. 462–479). New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Hogg, M. A. (2005). The social identity perspective. In S. A. Wheelan (Ed.), The handbook of group research and practice (pp. 133–158). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Hogg, M. A. (2006). Social identity theory. In P. J. Burke, Contemporary social psychological Theories (pp. 111–136). Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Hogg, M. A., & Abrams, D. (1988). Social identifications: A social psychology of intergroup relations and group processes. London: Routledge.
  • Hogg, M. A., & Terry, D. J. (2000). Social identity and self-categorization processes in organizational contexts. Academy of Management Review, 25, 121–140.
  • Holmes, M. (1994). Symbols of national identity and sport: The case of the Irish football team. Irish Political Studies, 9(1), 81–98. doi:10.1080/07907189408406525
  • Humphreys, B. R. (2002). Alternative measures of competitive balance in sports leagues. Journal of Sports Economics, 3(2), 133–148. doi:10.1177/152700250200300203
  • Jackson, D. A. (1993). Stopping rules in principal components analysis: A comparison of heuristical and statistical approaches. Ecology, 74, 2204–2214. doi:10.2307/1939574
  • Jetten, J., Spears, R., & Manstead A. S. R. (1998). Defining dimensions of distinctiveness: Group variability makes a difference to differentiation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1481–1492. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1481
  • Jones, I. (2000). A model of serious leisure identification: The case of football fandom. Leisure Studies, 19, 283–298. doi:10.1080/02614360050118841
  • Kesenne, S. (2002). The monopsonistic player labour market in a win-maximising league. European Sport Management Quarterly, 2, 180–187. doi:10.1080/16184740208721921
  • Kilduff, G. J., Elfenbein, H. A., & Staw, B. M. (2010). The psychology of rivalry: A relationally dependent analysis of competition. Academy of Management Journal, 53, 943–969. doi:10.5465/AMJ.2010.54533171
  • Kryk, J. (2004). Natural enemies: Major college football's oldest, fiercest rivalry - Michigan vs. Notre Dame. Lanham, MD: Taylor Trade.
  • Lock, D., Taylor, T., & Darcy, S. (2011). In the absence of achievement: The formation of new team identification. European Sport Management Quarterly, 11, 171–192. doi:10.1080/16184742.2011.559135
  • Luellen, T. B., & Wann, D. L. (2010). Rival salience and sport team identification. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 19, 97–106.
  • Madrigal, R., & Chen, J. (2008). Moderating and mediating effects of team identification in regard to causal attributions and summary judgments following a game outcome. Journal of Sport Management, 22, 717–733.
  • Marks, J. (1998). The French national team and national identity: 'Cette France d'un "bleu metis"'. Sport in Society, 1(2), 41–57.
  • Marzorati, G. (2011, August 23). The fierce intimacy of tennis rivalries. New York Times Magazine Online. Retrieved August 24, 2011, from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/28/magazine/the-fierce-intimacy-of-tennis-rivalries.html
  • McCarthy, M. (2007, December 5). Coaching bonuses take unusual form. USA Today. Retrieved on May 18, 2008, from http://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/football/2007-12-05-coaching-bonuses_N.htm?csp=34
  • McCauley, C. (2001). The psychology of group identification and the power of ethnic nationalism. In D. Chirot & M. Seligman (Eds.), Ethnopolitical warfare: Causes, consequences, and possible solutions (pp. 343–362). Washington, DC: APA Books.
  • McDonald, M., & Rascher, D. A. (2000). Does bat day make cents?: The effect of promotions on the demand for baseball. Journal of Sport Management, 14, 8–27.
  • McGinnis, L. P., & Gentry, J. W. (2009). Underdog consumption: An exploration into meanings and motives. Journal of Business Research, 62, 191–199. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.01.026
  • Morley, B., & Thomas, D. (2007). Attendance demand and core support: Evidence from limited-overs cricket. Applied Economics, 39, 2085–2097. doi:10.1080/00036840600707225
  • Moskalenko, S., McCauley, C., & Rozin, P. (2006). Group identification under conditions of threat: College students’ attachment to country, family, ethnicity, religion, and university before and after September 11, 2001. Political Psychology, 27(1), 77–97. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2006.00450.x
  • Mullen, B., Brown, R., & Smith, C. (1992). Ingroup bias as a function of salience, relevance, and status: An integration. European Journal of Social Psychology, 22(2), 103–122. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420220202
  • Noel, J. G., Wann, D. L., & Branscombe, N. R. (1995). Peripheral ingroup membership status and public negativity toward outgroups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(1), 127–137. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.68.1.127
  • Norwood, S. H. (2010). Corporate Cowboys and blue-collar bureaucrats: The Dallas-Washington football rivalry. In D. K. Wiggins & R. P. Rodgers (Eds.), Rivals: Legendary matchups that made sports history (pp. 265–289). Fayetteville, AR: University of Arkansas Press.
  • Otten, S., & Moskowitz, G. B. (2000). Evidence for implicit evaluative in-group bias: Affect-biased spontaneous trait inference in a minimal group paradigm. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36(1), 77–89. doi:10.1006/jesp.1999.1399
  • Paton, D., & Cooke, A. (2005). Attendance at county cricket: An economic analysis. Journal of Sports Economics, 6(1), 24–45. doi:10.1177/1527002503261487
  • Paul, R. J. (2003). Variations in NHL attendance: The impact of violence, scoring, and regional rivalries. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 62, 345–364. doi:10.1111/1536-7150.00216
  • Russell, R. A., & Leung, J. M. Y. (1994). Devising a cost effective schedule for a baseball league. Operations Research, 42, 614–625. doi:10.1287/opre.42.4.614
  • Sachdev, I., & Bourhis, R. Y. (1991). Power and status differentials in minority and majority group relations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 21(1), 1–24. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420210102
  • Sherif, M., Harvey, O. J., White, B. J., Hood, W. R., & Sherif, C. W. (1954). Experimental study of positive and negative intergroup attitudes between experimentally produced groups: Robbers cave study. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma.
  • Smart, D. L., & Wolfe, R. A. (2003). The contribution of leadership and human resources to organizational success: An empirical assessment of performance in Major League Baseball. European Sport Management Quarterly, 3, 165–188. doi:10.1080/16184740308721949
  • Smith, M., & King, B. (2012, November 12). Rivalries, ratings and revenue. Street & Smith's Sports Business Journal, 15(30), 1.
  • Snyder, C. R., Lassegard, M., & Ford, C. E. (1986). Distancing after group success and failure: Basking in reflected glory and cutting off reflected failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 382–388. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.2.382
  • Spaaij, R., & Geilenkirchen, M. (2011). Ta(l)king sides: Ethical and methodological challenges in comparative fieldwork on avid football rivalries. Soccer and Society, 12, 633–651. doi:10.1080/14660970.2011.599583
  • Stets, J. E., & Burke, P. J. (2000). Identity theory and social identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63, 224–237. doi:10.2307/2695870
  • Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (2nd ed., pp. 7–24). Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall.
  • Thompson, W. R. (2001). Identifying rivals and rivalries in world politics. International Studies Quarterly, 45, 557–586. doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00214
  • Trail, G., Robinson, M., Dick, R., & Gillentine, A. (2003). Motives and points of attachment: Fans versus spectators in intercollegiate athletics. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 12, 217–227.
  • Vaccaro, M. (2005). Emperors and idiots: The hundred year rivalry between the Yankees and Red Sox, from the very beginning to the end of the curse. United States of America: Doubleday.
  • Vidacs, B. (2000). Football in Cameroon: A vehicle for the expansion and contraction of identity. In G. P. T. Finn & R. Giulianotti (Eds.), Football culture: Local contests, global visions (pp. 100–117). Portland, OR: Frank Cass.
  • Wann, D. L., & Grieve, F. G. (2005). Biased evaluations of in-group and out-group spectator behavior at sporting events: The importance of team identification and threats to social identity. The Journal of Social Psychology, 145, 531–546. doi:10.3200/SOCP.145.5.531-546
  • Wann, D. L., Melnick, M. J., Russell, G. W., & Pease, D. G. (2001). Sport fans: The psychology and social impact of spectators. London: Routledge.
  • Welki, A. M., & Zlatoper, T. J. (1999). U.S. Professional football game-day attendance. Atlantic Economic Journal, 27, 285–298. doi:10.1007/BF02299579
  • Wilson, P., & Sim, B. (1995). The demand for semi-pro league football in Malaysia 1989–91: A panel data approach. Applied Economics, 27(1), 131–138. doi:10.1080/00036849500000015
  • Zimbalist, A. S. (2002). Competitive balance in sports leagues: An introduction. Journal of Sports Economics, 3(2), 111–121. doi:10.1177/152700250200300201

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.