1,588
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The Appraisal of Intrusive Thoughts in Relation to Obsessional–Compulsive Symptoms

&
Pages 98-110 | Received 19 Jul 2010, Accepted 01 Dec 2010, Published online: 12 Apr 2011

References

  • American Psychiatric Association . 1994 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 4th ed. , Washington, DC : Author .
  • American Psychiatric Association . 2000 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 4th ed., text rev. , Washington, DC : Author .
  • Amir , N. , Cashman , L. and Foa , E. B. 1997 . Strategies of thought control in obsessive-compulsive disorder . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 35 : 775 – 777 .
  • Antony , M. M. 2001 . “ Measures for obsessive-compulsive disorder ” . In Practitioner's guide to empirically based measures of anxiety , Edited by: Antony , M. M. , Orsillo , S. M. and Roemer , L. 219 – 244 . New York : Kluwer Academic .
  • Arntz , A. , Voncken , M. and Goosen , A. C. A. 2007 . Responsibility and obsessive-compulsive disorder: An experimental test . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 45 : 425 – 435 .
  • Barrett , P. M. and Healy , L. J. 2003 . An examination of the cognitive processes involved in childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 41 : 285 – 299 .
  • Beck , A. T. , Steer , R. A. , Ball , R. and Ranieri , W. F. 1996 . Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories–IA and –II in psychiatric outpatients . Journal of Personality Assessment , 67 : 588 – 597 .
  • Beck , A. T. , Steer , R. A. and Brown , G. K. 1996 . Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II , San Antonio, TX : Psychological Corporation .
  • Bouchard , C. , Rheaume , J. and Ladouceur , R. 1999 . Responsibility and perfectionism in OCD: An experimental study . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 37 : 239 – 248 .
  • Coles , M. E. , Mennin , D. S. and Heimberg , R. G. 2001 . Distinguishing obsessive features and worries: The role of thought-action fusion . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 39 : 947 – 960 .
  • Cougle , J. R. , Lee , H.-J. and Salkovskis , P. M. 2007 . Are responsibility beliefs inflated in non-checking OCD patients? . Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 21 : 153 – 159 .
  • Foa , E. B. , Amir , N. , Bogert , K. V. A. , Molnar , C. and Przeworski , A. 2001 . Inflated perception of responsibility for harm in obsessive-compulsive disorder . Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 15 : 259 – 275 .
  • Foa , E. B. , Hupper , J. D. , Leiberg , S. , Langer , R. , Kichic , R. , Hajcak , G. and Salkovskis , P. M. 2002 . The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory: Development and validation of a short version . Psychological Assessment , 14 : 485 – 496 .
  • Foa , E. B. , Kozak , M. J. , Coles , M. E. , Amir , N. and Salkovskis , P. M. 1998 . The validation of a new obsessive-compulsive disorder scale: The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory . Psychological Assessment , 10 : 206 – 214 .
  • Freeston , M. H. , Ladouceur , R. , Gagnon , F. and Thibodeau , N. 1993 . Beliefs about obsessional thoughts . Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioural Assessment , 15 : 1 – 21 .
  • Freeston , M. H. , Ladouceur , R. , Thibodeau , N. and Gagnon , F. 1991 . Cognitive intrusions in a non-clinical population: I. Associations with depressive, anxious, and compulsive symptoms . Behavior Research and Therapy , 29 : 585 – 597 .
  • Freeston , M. H. , Ladouceur , R. , Thibodeau , N. and Gagnon , F. 1992 . Cognitive intrusions in a non-clinical population: II. Associations with depressive, anxious, and compulsive symptoms . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 30 : 236 – 271 .
  • Gillis , M. M. , Haaga , D. A. F. and Ford , G. T. 1995 . Normative values for the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Fear Questionnaire, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, and Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory . Psychological Assessment , 7 : 450 – 455 .
  • Goodman , W. K. , Price , L. H. , Rasmussen , S. A. , Mazure , C. , Delgado , P. , Heninger , G. R. and Charney , D. S. 1989 . The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: II. Validity . Archives of General Psychiatry , 46 : 1012 – 1016 .
  • Goodman , W. K. , Price , L. H. , Rasmussen , S. A. , Mazure , C. , Fleischmann , R. L. , Hill , C. L. and Charney , D. S. 1989 . The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: I. Development, use, and reliability . Archives of General Psychiatry , 46 : 1006 – 1011 .
  • Julien , D. , O'Conner , K. P. and Aardema , F. 2009 . Intrusions related to obsessive-compulsive disorder: A question of content or context? . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 65 : 709 – 722 .
  • Luce , K. H. , Winzelberg , A. J. , Das , S. , Osborne , M. I. , Bryson , S. W. and Taylor , C. B. 2007 . Reliability of self-report: Paper versus online administration . Computers in Human Behavior , 23 : 1384 – 1389 .
  • Meyer , T. J. , Miller , M. L. , Metzger , R. L. and Borkovec , T. D. 1990 . Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 28 : 487 – 495 .
  • Norton, P. J. 2006 . Diagnostic measures and underlying constructs: An analysis of correspondence . Anxiety, Stress, and Coping , 19 : 227 – 239 .
  • Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group . 2005 . Psychometric validation of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire and Interpretation of Intrusions Inventory: Part 2. Factor analyses and testing of a brief version . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 43 : 1527 – 1542 .
  • Preacher , K. J. , Curran , P. J. and Bauer , D. J. 2006 . Computational tools for probing interaction effects in multiple linear regression, multilevel modeling, and latent curve analysis . Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics , 31 : 437 – 448 .
  • Purdon , C. and Clark , D. A. 1993 . Obsessive intrusive thoughts in nonclinical subjects: Part I. Content and relation with depressive, anxious and obsessional symptoms . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 31 : 713 – 720 .
  • Purdon , C. and Clark , D. A. 1994 . Perceived control and appraisal of obsessional intrusive thoughts: A replication and extension . Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , 22 : 269 – 285 .
  • Rachman , S. 1993 . Obsessions, responsibility and guilt . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 31 : 149 – 154 .
  • Rachman , S. 1997 . A cognitive theory of obsessions . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 35 : 793 – 802 .
  • Rachman , S. and de Silva , P. 1978 . Abnormal and normal obsessions . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 16 : 233 – 248 .
  • Rassin , E. , Merckelbach , H. , Muris , P. and Spaan , V. 1999 . Thought-action fusion as a causal factor in the development of intrusions . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 37 : 231 – 237 .
  • Rassin , E. and Muris , P. 2006 . Abnormal and normal obsessions: A reconsideration . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 45 : 1065 – 1070 .
  • Salkovskis , P. M. 1985 . Obsessional-compulsive problems: A cognitive-behavioural analysis . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 23 : 571 – 583 .
  • Salkovskis , P. M. 1989 . Cognitive-behavioural factors and the persistence of intrusive thoughts in obsessional problems . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 27 : 677 – 682 .
  • Salkovskis , P. M. 1998 . “ Psychological approaches to the understanding of obsessional problems ” . In Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Theory, research, and treatment , Edited by: Swinson , R. P. , Antony , M. M. , Rachman , S. and Richter , M. A. 33 – 50 . New York : Guilford Press .
  • Salkovskis , P. M. and Campbell , P. 1994 . Thought suppression induces intrusion in naturally occurring negative intrusive thoughts . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 32 : 1 – 8 .
  • Salkovskis , P. M. and Harrison , J. 1984 . Abnormal and normal obsessions: A replication . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 22 : 549 – 552 .
  • Salkovskis , P. M. , Wroe , A. L. , Gledhill , A. , Morrison , N. , Forrester , E. , Richards , C. and Thorpe , S. 2000 . Responsibility attitudes and interpretations are characteristic of obsessive compulsive disorder . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 38 : 347 – 372 .
  • Segal , D. L. , Coolidge , F. L. , Cahill , B. S. and O'Riley , A. A. 2008 . Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) among community-dwelling older adults . Behavior Modification , 32 : 3 – 20 .
  • Shafran , R. and Rachman , S. 2004 . Thought-action fusion: A review . Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry , 35 : 87 – 107 .
  • Shafran , R. , Thordarson , D. S. and Rachman , S. 1996 . Thought-action fusion in obsessive compulsive disorder . Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 10 : 379 – 391 .
  • Smári , J. and Hólmsteinsson , H. E. 2001 . Intrusive thoughts, responsibility attitudes, thought-action fusion, and chronic thought suppression in relation to obsessive-compulsive symptoms . Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , 29 : 13 – 20 .
  • Steketee , G. , Frost , R. and Bogart , K. 1996 . The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: Interview versus self-report . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 34 : 675 – 684 .
  • Tolin , D. F. , Abramowitz , J. S. , Przeworski , A. and Foa , E. B. 2002 . Thought suppression in obsessive-compulsive disorder . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 40 : 1255 – 1274 .
  • Tolin , D. F. , Worhunsky , P. , Brady , R. E. and Maltby , N. 2007 . The relationship between obsessive beliefs and thought-control strategies in a clinical sample . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 31 : 307 – 318 .
  • Vispoel , W. P. , Boo , J. and Bleiler , T. 2001 . Computerized and paper-and-pencil versions of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: A comparison of psychometric features and respondent preferences . Educational and Psychological Measurement , 61 : 461 – 474 .
  • Wells , A. and Davies , M. I. 1994 . The Thought Control Questionnaire: A measure of individual differences in the control of unwanted thoughts . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 32 : 871 – 878 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.