Lack of a Benign Interpretation Bias in Social Anxiety Disorder

References

• American Psychiatric Association . 1994 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 4th ed. , Washington, DC : Author . doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349
   Google Scholar
• Amir , N. , Beard , C. and Bower , E. 2005 . Interpretation bias and social anxiety . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 29 : 433 – 443 . doi:10.1007/s10608-005-2834-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amir , N. , Beard , C. and Przeworksi , A. 2005 . Resolving ambiguity: The effect of experience on interpretation of ambiguous events in generalized social phobia . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 114 : 402 – 408 . doi:10.1037/0021-843X.114.3.402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amir , N. , Foa , E. B. and Coles , M. E. 1998 . Negative interpretation bias in social phobia . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 36 : 945 – 957 . doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00060-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , S. L. , Heinrichs , N. , Kim , H. J. and Hofmann , S. G. 2002 . The Liebowitz social anxiety scale as a self-report instrument: A preliminary psychometric analysis . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 40 : 701 – 715 . doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00060-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beard , C. and Amir , N. 2008 . A multi-session interpretation modification program: Changes in interpretation and social anxiety symptoms . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 46 : 1135 – 1141 . doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.05.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beard , C. and Amir , N. 2009 . Interpretation in social anxiety: When meaning precedes ambiguity . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 33 : 406 – 415 . doi:10.1007/s10608-009-9235-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. , Steer , R. A. and Brown , G. K. 1996 . Manual for the Beck depression inventory-II , San Antonio, TX : Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , D. M. and Wells , A. 1995 . “ A cognitive model of social phobia ” . In Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment , Edited by: Heimberg , R. G. , Liebowitz , M. R. , Hope , D. A. and Schneider , F. R. 69 – 93 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Constans , J. I. , Penn , D. L. , Ihen , G. H. and Hope , D. A. 1999 . Interpretive biases for ambiguous stimuli in social anxiety . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 37 : 643 – 651 . doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00180-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox , B. J. , Ross , L. , Swinson , R. P. and Direnfeld , D. M. 1998 . A comparison of social phobia outcome measures in cognitive-behavioral group therapy . Behavior Modification , 22 : 285 – 297 . doi:10.1177/01454455980223004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• First , M. B. , Spitzer , R. L. , Gibbon , M. and Williams , J. B. W. 1994 . Structured clinical interview for axis I DSM-IV disorders: Patient edition , New York, NY : State Psychiatric Institute Biometrics Research Department .
   Google Scholar
• Fresco , D. M. , Coles , M. E. , Heimberg , R. G. , Liebowitz , M. R. , Hami , S. , Stein , M. B. and Goetz , D. 2001 . The Liebowitz social anxiety scale: A comparison of the psychometric properties of self-report and clinician-administered formats . Psychological Medicine , 31 : 1025 – 1035 . doi:10.1017/S0033291701004056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grey , S. and Mathews , A. 2000 . Effects of training on interpretation of emotional ambiguity . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 53A : 1143 – 1162 . doi:10.1080/02724980050156335
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazlett-Stevens , H. and Borkovec , T. D. 2004 . Interpretive cues and ambiguity in generalized anxiety disorder . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 42 : 881 – 892 . doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00204-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heimberg , R. G. , Horner , K. J. , Juster , H. R. , Safren , S. A. , Brown , E. J. , Schneier , F. R. and Liebowitz , M. R. 1999 . Psychometric properties of the Liebowitz social anxiety scale . Psychological Medicine , 29 : 199 – 212 . doi:10.1017/S0033291798007879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsch , C. R. and Clark , D. M. 2004 . Information-processing bias in social phobia . Clinical Psychology Review , 24 : 799 – 825 . doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.07.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsch , C. and Mathews , A. 1997 . Interpretative inferences when reading about emotional events . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 35 : 1123 – 1132 . doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(97)80006-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsch , C. R. and Mathews , A. 2000 . Impaired positive inferential bias in social phobia . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 109 : 705 – 712 . doi:10.1037/0021-843X.109.4.705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kashdan , T. B. , Weeks , J. W. and Savostyanova , A. A. 2011 . Whether, how, and when social anxiety shapes positive experiences and events: A self-regulatory framework and treatment implications . Clinical Psychology Review , 31 : 786 – 799 . doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.03.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liebowitz , M. R. 1987 . Social phobia . Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry , 22 : 141 – 173 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mennin , D. S. , Fresco , D. M. , Heimberg , R. G. , Schneier , F. R. , Davies , S. O. and Liebowitz , M. R. 2002 . Screening for social anxiety disorder in the clinical setting: Using the Liebowitz social anxiety scale . Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 16 : 661 – 673 . doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(02)00134-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulhus , D. L. 1991 . “ Measurement and control of response bias ” . In Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes , Edited by: Robinson , J. P. , Shaver , P. R. and Wrightsman , L. S. 17 – 59 . San Diego, CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ramanaiah , N. V. , Franzen , M. and Schill , T. 1983 . A psychometric study of the state-trait anxiety inventory . Journal of Personality Assessment , 47 : 531 – 535 . doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4705_14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapee , R. M. and Heimberg , R. G. 1997 . A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia . Behavior Research and Therapy , 35 : 741 – 756 . doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00022-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards , A. and French , C. C. 1992 . An anxiety-related bias in semantic activation when processing threat/neutral homographs . The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 45A : 503 – 525 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rytwinski , N. K. , Fresco , D. M. , Heimberg , R. G. , Coles , M. E. , Liebowitz , M. R. , Cissell , S. , … and Hofmann , S. G. 2009 . Screening for social anxiety disorder with the self-report version of the Liebowitz social anxiety scale . Depression and Anxiety , 26 : 34 – 38 . doi:10.1002/da.20503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson , G. B. and Kang , H. 1994 . “ Inhibitory processes in the recognition of homograph meanings ” . In Inhibitory processes in attention, memory, and language , Edited by: Dagenbach , D. and Carr , T. H. 359 – 382 . San Diego, CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Spielberger , C. , Gorsuch , R. , Lushene , R. , Vagg , P. R. and Jacobs , G. A. 1983 . Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory: STAI (Form Y) , Palo Alto, CA : Consulting Psychologist Press .
   Google Scholar
• Staley , C. S. and Lawyer , S. R. 2010 . Behavioral activation and CBT as an intervention for coexistent major depression and social phobia for a biracial client with diabetes . Clinical Case Studies , 9 : 63 – 73 . doi:10.1177/1534650109355187
   Google Scholar
• Steer , R. and Clark , D. 1997 . Psychometric characteristics of the beck depression inventory-II with college students . Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development , 30 : 128 – 136 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veale , D. 2008 . Behavioural activation for depression . Advances in Psychiatric Treatment , 14 : 29 – 36 . doi:10.1192/apt.bp.107.004051
   Google Scholar