References
- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
- Attkisson, C. C., & Zwick, R. (1982). The client satisfaction questionnaire. Psychometric properties and correlations with service utilization and psychotherapy outcome. Evaluation and Program Planning, 5, 233–237. http://doi.org/10.1016/0149-7189(82)90074-X 10.1016/0149-7189(82)90074-X
- Bachem, R., & Maercker, A. (2013). Ist es noch mein Zuahuse? Ratgeber um nach einem Einbruch zurück in das gewohnte Leben zu finden. Bern: Mobiliar.
- Baumeister, H., & Kufner, K. (2009). It is time to adjust the adjustment disorder category. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 22, 409–412. http://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e32832cae5e 10.1097/YCO.0b013e32832cae5e
- Baumeister, H., Maercker, A., & Casey, P. (2009). Adjustment disorder with depressed mood. Psychopathology, 42, 139–147. http://doi.org/10.1159/000207455
- Beaton, A., Cook, M., Kavanagh, M., & Herrington, C. (2000). The psychological impact of burglary. Psychology, Crime & Law, 6, 33–43. http://doi.org/10.1080/10683160008410830
- Botella, C., Baños, R., Rey, B., Alcañiz, M., Guillen, V., Quero, S., & Garcia-Palacios, A. (2006). Using an adaptive display for the treatment of emotional disorders: A preliminary analysis of effectiveness. In CHI 2006 (pp. 586–591). Montréal: ACM. http://doi.org/10.1145/1125451.1125574
- Caballero, M. A., Ramos, L., & Saltijeral, M. T. (2000). El trastorno por estrés postraumático y otras reacciones en las víctimas del robo a casa [Posttraumatic stress disorder and other reactions in victims of burglary]. Salud Mental, 23, 8–17.
- Casey, P. (2014). Adjustment disorder: New developments. Current Psychiatry Reports, 16(6), 1–8. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-014-0451-2
- Casey, P., Jabbar, F., O’Leary, E., & Doherty, A. M. (2015). Suicidal behaviours in adjustment disorder and depressive episode. Journal of Affective Disorders, 174, 441–446. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.003 10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.003
- Christensen, H., Griffiths, K. M., & Farrer, L. (2009). Adherence in internet interventions for anxiety and depression: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 11, e13. http://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1194
- Could, R. A., George, A. C., Gould, R. A., & Clum, G. A. (1993). A meta-analysis of self-help treatment approaches. Clinical Psychology Review, 13, 169–186. http://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7358(93)90039-O
- Crawford, J. R., & Henry, J. D. (2003). The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS): Normative data and latent structure in a large non-clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42, 111–131. http://doi.org/10.1348/014466503321903544
- Cuijpers, P., Donker, T., Johansson, R., Mohr, D. C., van Straten, A., & Andersson, G. (2011). Self-guided psychological treatment for depressive symptoms: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 6, e21274. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021274 10.1371/journal.pone.0021274
- Dannemann, S., Einsle, F., Kämpf, F., Joraschky, P., Maercker, A., & Weidner, K. (2010). Anpassungsstörungen nach einem neuen diagnostischen Konzept bei Patienten einer psychosomatischen Poliklinik – Beschwerden, Veränderungsbereitschaft und Psychotherapiemotivation [New diagnostic concept of adjustment disorders in psychosomatic outpatients]. Zeitschrift für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, 56, 231–243. http://doi.org/10.13109/zptm.2010.56.3.231 10.13109/zptm.2010.56.3.231
- Dempster, A. P., Laird, N. M., & Rubin, D. B. (1977). Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), 39(1), 1–38.
- Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Herbert, C., & Mayou, R. (2003). A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 1024–1032. http://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024 10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024
- Einsle, F., Köllner, V., Dannemann, S., & Maercker, A. (2010). Development and validation of a self-report for the assessment of adjustment disorders. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 15, 584–595. http://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2010.487107
- Evans, S. C., Reed, G. M., Roberts, M. C., Esparza, P., Watts, A. D., Ritchie, P. L. J., … Saxena, S. (2013). Psychologists’ perspectives on the diagnostic classification of mental disorders: Results from the WHO-IUPsyS Global Survey. International Journal of Psychology, 48, 177–193. http://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2013.804189 10.1080/00207594.2013.804189
- Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1149–1160. http://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149 10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
- Febbraro, G. A. R., Clum, G. A., Roodman, A. A., & Wright, J. H. (1999). The limits of bibliotherapy: A study of the differential effectiveness of self-administered interventions in individuals with panic attacks. Behavior Therapy, 30, 209–222. http://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7894(99)80004-5 10.1016/S0005-7894(99)80004-5
- Glaesmer, H., Romppel, M., Brähler, E., Hinz, A., & Maercker, A. (2015). Adjustment disorder as proposed for ICD-11: Dimensionality and symptom differentiation. Psychiatry Research, 229, 940–948. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.010 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.010
- Gradus, J. L., Qin, P., Lincoln, A. K., Miller, M., Lawler, E., & Lash, T. L. (2010). The association between adjustment disorder diagnosed at psychiatric treatment facilities and completed suicide. Clinical Epidemiology, 2, 23–28. http://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S9373 10.2147/CLEP
- Hannöver, W., Dogs, C. P., & Kordy, H. (2000). Patientenzufriedenheit–ein Maß für Behandlungserfolg? [Patient satisfaction: A measure for success of treatment?]. Psychotherapeut, 45, 292–300. http://doi.org/10.1007/s002780000094
- Haug, T., Nordgreen, T., Öst, L. G., & Havik, O. E. (2012). Self-help treatment of anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis and meta-regression of effects and potential moderators. Clinical Psychology Review, 32, 425–445. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.04.002 10.1016/j.cpr.2012.04.002
- Hellström, K., & Öst, L.-G. (1995). One-session therapist directed exposure vs two forms of manual directed self-exposure in the treatment of spider phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 959–965. http://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(95)00028-V 10.1016/0005-7967(95)00028-V
- Henry, J. D., & Crawford, J. R. (2005). The short-form version of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS-21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 227–239. http://doi.org/10.1348/014466505X29657 10.1348/014466505X29657
- Hirai, M., & Clum, G. A. (2005). An Internet-based self-change program for traumatic event related fear, distress, and maladaptive coping. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 631–636. http://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20071 10.1002/(ISSN)1573-6598
- Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991). Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 12–19. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.59.1.12 10.1037/0022-006X.59.1.12
- Jorm, A. F., & Griffiths, K. M. (2006). Population promotion of informal self-help strategies for early intervention against depression and anxiety. Psychological Medicine, 36, 3–6. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291705005659
- Kaukinen, C. (2002). The help-seeking decisions of violent crime victims: An examination of the direct and conditional effects of gender and the victim–offender relationship. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 17, 432–456. http://doi.org/10.1177/0886260502017004006 10.1177/0886260502017004006
- Kessler, R. C., Demler, O., Frank, R. G., Olfson, M., Pincus, H. A., Walters, E. E., … Zaslavsky, A. M. (2005). Prevalence and treatment of mental disorders, 1990 to 2003. New England Journal of Medicine, 352, 2515–2523. http://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa043266 10.1056/NEJMsa043266
- Knaevelsrud, C., & Maercker, A. (2007). Internet-based treatment for PTSD reduces distress and facilitates the development of a strong therapeutic alliance: A randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Psychiatry, 7, 13. http://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-7-13 10.1186/1471-244X-7-13
- Lewis, C., Pearce, J., & Bisson, J. (2012). Efficacy, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of self-help interventions for anxiety disorders: Systematic review. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 200, 15–21. http://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.084756 10.1192/bjp.bp.110.084756
- Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales (Vol. 33). Sydney: Psychology Foundation.
- Maercker, A., Bachem, R., & Simmen-Janevska, K. (2015). Adjustment disorders. In R. L. Cautin & S. O. Lilienfeld (Eds.), Encyclopedia of clinical psychology (Vol. X, pp. 1–6). Chichester: Wiley.
- Maercker, A., Brewin, C. R., Bryant, R. A., Cloitre, M., Reed, G. M., van Ommeren, M., … Llosa, A. E. (2013). Proposals for mental disorders specifically associated with stress in the International Classification of Diseases-11. The Lancet, 381, 1683–1685. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62191-6 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62191-6
- Maercker, A., Einsle, F., & Kollner, V. (2007). Adjustment disorders as stress response syndromes: A new diagnostic concept and its exploration in a medical sample. Psychopathology, 40, 135–146. http://doi.org/10.1159/000099290 10.1159/000099290
- Maercker, A., Forstmeier, S., Enzler, A., Krüsi, G., Hörler, E., Maier, C., & Ehlert, U. (2008). Adjustment disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depressive disorders in old age: Findings from a community survey. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49, 113–120. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.07.002 10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.07.002
- Mains, J. A., & Scogin, F. R. (2003). The effectiveness of self-administered treatments: A practice-friendly review of the research. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 237–246. http://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.10145 10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4679
- Mead, N., MacDonald, W., Bower, P., Lovell, K., Richards, D., Roberts, C., & Bucknall, A. (2005). The clinical effectiveness of guided self-help versus waiting-list control in the management of anxiety and depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 35, 1633–1643. http://doi.org/10.1017/s003329170500560x 10.1017/S003329170500560X
- Menchola, M., Arkowitz, H. S., & Burke, B. L. (2007). Efficacy of self-administered treatments for depression and anxiety. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38, 421–429. http://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.38.4.421 10.1037/0735-7028.38.4.421
- Mitchell, A. J., Chan, M., Bhatti, H., Halton, M., Grassi, L., Johansen, C., & Meader, N. (2011). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorder in oncological, haematological, and palliative-care settings: A meta-analysis of 94 interview-based studies. The Lancet Oncology, 12, 160–174. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70002-X 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70002-X
- Nyenhuis, N., Golm, D., & Kröner-Herwig, B. (2013). A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of self-help interventions in tinnitus. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 42, 159–169. http://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2013.803496 10.1080/16506073.2013.803496
- Pennebaker, J. W., & Chung, C. K. (2007). Expressive writing, emotional upheavals, and health. In H. Friedman & R. Silver (Eds.), Handbook of Health Psychology (pp. 263–284). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Rasmussen, P. T., & Tomm, K. (1992). Guided letter writing: A long brief therapy method whereby clients carry out their own treatment. Journal of Strategic and Systemic Therapies, 11(4), 1–18.
- Rozental, A., Andersson, G., Boettcher, J., Ebert, D. D., Cuijpers, P., Knaevelsrud, C., … Carlbring, P. (2014). Consensus statement on defining and measuring negative effects of Internet interventions. Internet Interventions, 1, 12–19. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2014.02.001
- Sareen, J., Jagdeo, A., Cox, B. J., Clara, I., ten Have, M., Belik, S.-L., … Stein, M. B. (2007). Perceived Barriers to mental health service utilization in the United States, Ontario, and the Netherlands. Psychiatric Services, 58, 357–364.10.1176/ps.2007.58.3.357
- Schafer, J. A., Huebner, B. M., & Bynum, T. S. (2006). Fear of crime and criminal victimization: Gender-based contrasts. Journal of Criminal Justice, 34, 285–301. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2006.03.003 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2006.03.003
- Smyth, J., & Helm, R. (2003). Focused expressive writing as self-help for stress and trauma. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 227–235. http://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.10144 10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4679
- Spek, V., Cuijpers, P. I. M., Nyklícek, I., Riper, H., Keyzer, J., & Pop, V. (2007). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety: A meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 37, 319–328. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291706008944 10.1017/S0033291706008944
- Stein, D. J., McLaughlin, K. A., Koenen, K. C., Atwoli, L., Friedman, M. J., Hill, E. D., … Kessler, R. C. (2014). DSM-5 and ICD-11 definitions of posttraumatic stress disorder: Investigating “narrow” and “broad” approaches. Depression and Anxiety, 31, 494–505. http://doi.org/10.1002/da.22279 10.1002/da.2014.31.issue-6
- Strain, J., & Diefenbacher, A. (2008). The adjustment disorders: The conundrums of the diagnoses. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49, 121–130. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.10.002 10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.10.002
- Strain, J., & Friedman, M. J. (2011). Considering adjustment disorders as stress response syndromes for DSM-5. Depression and Anxiety, 28, 818–823. http://doi.org/10.1002/da.20845 10.1002/da.v28.9
- Van der Klink, J. J. L., Blonk, R. W. B., Schene, A. H., & Van Dijk, F. J. H. (2003). Reducing long term sickness absence by an activating intervention in adjustment disorders: A cluster randomised controlled design. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 60, 429–437. http://doi.org/10.1136/oem.60.6.429 10.1136/oem.60.6.429
- van Straten, A., & Cuijpers, P. (2009). Self-help therapy for insomnia: A meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 13, 61–71.10.1016/j.smrv.2008.04.006
- Waller, I., & Okihiro, N. R. (1978). Burglary: The victim and the public. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
- Wang, P. S., Lane, M., Olfson, M., Pincus, H. A., Wells, K. B., & Kessler, R. C. (2005). Twelve-Month Use of Mental Health Services in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 629–640. http://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.629 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.629
- Wang, Z., Kueffer, A., Wang, J., & Maercker, A. (2014). Use of an Internet-Based Self-Help Program for Trauma Victims: Evaluation of Dropout Rates and Their Predictors. VERHALTENSTHERAPIE, 24, 6–14. http://doi.org/10.1159/000358472
- Wang, Z., Wang, J., & Maercker, A. (2013). Chinese My Trauma Recovery, A Web-Based Intervention for Traumatized Persons in Two Parallel Samples: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15, e213. http://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2690 10.2196/jmir.2690
- Williams, C., & Martinez, R. (2008). Increasing Access to CBT: Stepped Care and CBT Self-Help Models in Practice. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 36, 675–683. http://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465808004864 10.1017/S1352465808004864
- World Health Organization (1992). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: Clinical description and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization.