Meta-analysis of the efficacy and acceptability of cognitive-behavioural therapy for Arab adult populations experiencing anxiety, depression or post-traumatic stress disorder

References

• Abudabbeh, N., & Hays, P. A. (2006). Cognitive behavioral therapy with people of Arab heritage. In P. A. Hays & G. Y. Iwamasa (Eds.), Culturally responsive cognitive-behavioral therapy: Assessment, practice, and supervision (pp. 141–159). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/11433-00010.1037/11433-000
   Google Scholar
• Acarturk, C., Konuk, E., Cetinkaya, M., Senay, I., Sijbrandij, M., Cuijpers, P., & Aker, T. (2015). EMDR for Syrian refugees with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: Results of a pilot randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 6, 27414–27414. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v6.27414
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Al-Balkhi, A. (1479/2013). Abu-Zayd Al-Balkhi’s sustenance of the soul: The cognitive behavior therapy of a ninth century physician. (M. Badri, Trans.). London: The International Institute of Islamic Thought.
   Google Scholar
• Al-Darmaki, F., Thomas, J., & Yaaqeib, S. (2016). Mental health beliefs amongst Emirati female college students. Community Mental Health Journal, 52(2), 233–238. doi:10.1007/s10597-015-9918-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Kindi, Y. (873/2002). The epistle of Ya’qu¯b ibn Isha¯q al-Kindi¯ on the device for dispelling sorrows. (G. Jayyusi-Lehn, Trans.). In British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies (Vol. 29, pp. 121–135). Routledge. doi:10.1080/1353019022000012632
   Google Scholar
• Al-Krenawi, A., & Graham, J. (1999). Gender and biomedical/traditional mental health utilization among the Bedouin-Arabs of the Negev. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 23(2), 219–243. doi:10.1023/A:1005455809283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Krenawi, A., & Graham, J. R. (2000). Culturally sensitive social work practice with Arab clients in mental health settings. Health and Social Work, 25(1), 9–22. doi:10.1093/hsw/25.1.9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Sahel, R., & Al-Khawajah, J. (2012). Cognitive behaviour therapy in the Middle East: 2. In F. Naeem & D. Kingdon (Eds.), Cognitive behaviour therapy in non-western countries (pp. 103–115). New York, NY: Nova Science.
   Google Scholar
• Alghamdi, M., Hunt, N., & Thomas, S. (2015). The effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy with traumatised firefighters in Saudi Arabia: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 66, 64–71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.01.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson, G., & Titov, N. (2014). Advantages and limitations of internet-based interventions for common mental disorders. World Psychiatry, 13(1), 4–11. doi:10.1002/wps.20083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avicenna. (1037/1984). A treatise on the canon of medicine of Avicenna (O. C. Gruner, Trans.). London: Luzac.
   Google Scholar
• Barrera, A. Z., Wickham, R. E., & Muñoz, R. F. (2015). Online prevention of postpartum depression for Spanish- and English-speaking pregnant women: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 2(3), 257–265. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.06.002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Beck, J. S. (1995). Cognitive therapy: Basics and beyond. New York, NY: Guildford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Butler, A. C., Chapman, J. E., Forman, E. M., & Beck, A. T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17–31. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlbring, P., Andersson, G., Cuijpers, P., Riper, H., & Hedman-Lagerlöf, E. (2018). Internet-based vs. face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy for psychiatric and somatic disorders: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 47(1), 1–18. doi:10.1080/16506073.2017.1401115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro, F. G., Barrera, M., & Holleran Steiker, L. K. (2010). Issues and challenges in the design of culturally adapted evidence-based interventions. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6(1), 213–239. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-033109-132032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, I., Zou, J., Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Li, S., Johnston, L., … Hunt, C. (2012). Culturally attuned Internet treatment for depression amongst Chinese Australians: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136(3), 459–468. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.11.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dear, B. F., Staples, L. G., Terides, M., Karin, E., Zou, J., Johnston, L., … Titov, N. (2015). Transdiagnostic versus disorder-specific and clinician-guided versus self-guided treatment for generalised anxiety disorder: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 36, 63–77. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.09.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez, E., Salem, D., Swift, J. K., & Ramtahal, N. (2015). Meta-analysis of dropout from cognitive behavioral therapy: Magnitude, timing, and moderators. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 83(6), 1108–1122. doi:10.1037/ccp0000044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gearing, R. E., Schwalbe, C. S., MacKenzie, M. J., Brewer, K. B., Ibrahim, R. W., Olimat, H. S., … Al-Krenawi, A. (2012). Adaptation and translation of mental health interventions in Middle Eastern Arab countries: A systematic review of barriers to and strategies for effective treatment implementation. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 59(7), 671–681. doi:10.1177/0020764012452349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene, C. J., Morland, L. A., Durkalski, V. L., & Frueh, B. C. (2008). Noninferiority and equivalence designs: Issues and implications for mental health research. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21(5), 433–439. doi:10.1002/jts.20367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., Nugent, M. M., Alberts, N. M., Staples, L., Dear, B. F., & Titov, N. (2016). Transdiagnostic Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy in Canada: An open trial comparing results of a specialized online clinic and nonspecialized community clinics. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 42(Suppl. C), 19–29. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.05.006
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamdan-Mansour, A. M., Constantino, R. E., Farrell, M., Doswell, W., Gallagher, M. E., Safadi, R., … Banimustafa, R. (2011). Evaluating the mental health of Jordanian women in relationships with intimate partner abuse. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 32(10), 614–623. doi:10.3109/01612840.2011.580494
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamdan-Mansour, A. M., Puskar, K., & Bandak, A. G. (2009). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on depressive symptomatology, stress and coping strategies among Jordanian University students. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 30(3), 188–196. doi:10.1080/01612840802694577
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., & Lindefors, N. (2012). Cognitive behavior therapy via the Internet: A systematic review of applications, clinical efficacy and cost–effectiveness. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research, 12(6), 745–764. doi:10.1586/erp.12.67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrera-Mercadal, P., Montero-Marin, J., Plaza, I., Medrano, C., Andrés, E., López-Del-Hoyo, Y., … García-Campayo, J. (2015). The efficacy and pattern of use of a computer-assisted programme for the treatment of anxiety: A naturalistic study using mixed methods in primary care in Spain. Journal of Affective Disorders, 175, 184–191. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.060
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, J. P. T., Altman, D. G., Gøtzsche, P. C., Jüni, P., Moher, D., Oxman, A. D., … Sterne, J. A. C. (2011). The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ, 343, d5928. doi:10.1136/bmj.d5928
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, J. P. T., & Green, S. (2005). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (4.2.5). Chichester: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. British Medical Journal, 327, 557. doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hijazi, A. M. (2012). Narrative exposure therapy to treat traumatic stress in Middle Eastern refugees: A clinical trial (3527991 PhD). Wayne State University, Ann Arbor. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global database. Retrieved from http://simsrad.net.ocs.mq.edu.au/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1095536603?accountid=12219
   Google Scholar
• Hijazi, A. M., Lumley, M. A., Ziadni, M. S., Haddad, L., Rapport, L. J., & Arnetz, B. B. (2014). Brief narrative exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress in Iraqi refugees: A preliminary randomized clinical trial. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27(3), 314–322. doi:10.1002/jts.21922
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J. J., Sawyer, A. T., & Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(5), 427–440. doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9476-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kayrouz, R. (2016). Prevalence and treatment of anxiety and depression in Arab people and the potential of Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy. Sydney: Macquarie University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1250462
   Google Scholar
• Kayrouz, R., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Gandy, M., Fogliati, V. J., Sheehan, J., & Titov, N. (2015). A feasibility open trial of guided Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression amongst Arab Australians. Internet Interventions, 2(1), 32–38. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2014.12.001
   Google Scholar
• Kayrouz, R., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Keyrouz, L., Nehme, E., Laube, R., & Titov, N. (2014). Intergenerational and cross-cultural differences in emotional wellbeing, mental health service utilisation, treatment seeking preferences and acceptability of psychological treatments for Arab Australians. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 61(5), 484–491. doi:10.1177/0020764014553004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kayrouz, R., Dear, B. F., Karin, E., Fogliati, V. J., & Titov, N. (2016). A pilot study of a clinician-guided Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression among Arabs in Australia, presented in both English and Arabic languages. Internet Interventions, 5, 5–11. doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2016.06.002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kayrouz, R., Dear, B. F., Karin, E., Gandy, M., Fogliati, V. J., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2016). A pilot study of self-guided Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression among Arabs. Internet Interventions, 3, 18–24. doi:10.1186/2046-4053-4-1
   Google Scholar
• Knaevelsrud, C., Brand, J., Lange, A., Ruwaard, J., & Wagner, B. (2015). Web-based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in war-traumatized Arab patients: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17(3), e71. doi:10.2196/jmir.3582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leon, A. C., Davis, L. L., & Kraemer, H. C. (2011). The role and interpretation of pilot studies in clinical research. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45(5), 626–629. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.10.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maimonides, M. (1204/1964). Moses Maimonides’ two treatises on the regimen of health: Fī Tadbīr al-Sihhah and Maqālah fi Bayān Ba’d al-A’rād wa-al-Jawāb ‘anhā (A. Bar-Sela, H. E. Hoff, E. Faris, & M. Maimonides, Trans.). In Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (Vol. 54, pp. 3–50). Philadelphia, PA: American Philosophical Society.
   Google Scholar
• Marcus, D. K., O’Connell, D., Norris, A. L., & Sawaqdeh, A. (2014). Is the Dodo bird endangered in the 21st century? A meta-analysis of treatment comparison studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(7), 519–530. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMillan, D., Gilbody, S., & Richards, D. (2010). Defining successful treatment outcome in depression using the PHQ-9: A comparison of methods. Journal of Affective Disorders, 127(1–3), 122–129. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.04.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., … Group, P.-P. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Systematic Reviews, 4(1), e1000326. doi:10.1186/2046-4053-4-1
   Google Scholar
• Mokdad, A. H., Jaber, S., Aziz, M. I. A., AlBuhairan, F., AlGhaithi, A., AlHamad, N. M., … Murray, C. J. L. (2014). The state of health in the Arab world, 1990–2010: An analysis of the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. The Lancet, 383(9914), 309–320. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62189-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, L. K., Dorsey, S., Haroz, E., Lee, C., Alsiary, M. M., Haydary, A., … Bolton, P. (2014). A common elements treatment approach for adult mental health problems in low- and middle-income countries. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 21(2), 111–123. doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2013.06.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neria, Y., Bravova, M., & Halper, J. M. (2010). Trauma and PTSD among civilians in the Middle East. PTSD Research Quarterly, 21(4), 1–7. Retrieved from https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/newsletters/research-quarterly/v21n4.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Neuner, F., Onyut, P. L., Ertl, V., Odenwald, M., Schauer, E., & Elbert, T. (2008). Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder by trained lay counselors in an African refugee settlement: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(4), 686–694. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.76.4.686
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Klaschik, C., Karunakara, U., & Elbert, T. (2004). A comparison of narrative exposure therapy, supportive counseling, and psychoeducation for treating posttraumatic stress disorder in an African refugee settlement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(4), 579–587. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.72.4.579
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neyeloff, J. L., Fuchs, S. C., & Moreira, L. B. (2012). Meta-analyses and Forest plots using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet: Step-by-step guide focusing on descriptive data analysis. BMC Research Notes, 5, 52. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-5-52
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NICE. (2009). Depression: Treatment and management of depression in adults. Clinical Guideline 90. Retrieved from https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg90/resources/depression-in-adults-recognition-and-management-pdf-975742636741
   Google Scholar
• NICE. (2011). Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults: Management. Clinical Guideline 113. Retrieved from https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg113/resources/generalised-anxiety-disorder-and-panic-disorder-in-adults-management-pdf-35109387756997
   Google Scholar
• Okasha, T., & Boutros, N. N. (2010). A synopsis of recent influential papers published in psychiatric journals from the Arab World. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 3(4), 244–248. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2010.08.011
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Okasha, T., & Elkholy, H. (2012). A synopsis of recent influential papers published in psychiatric journals (2010–2011) from the Arab World. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 5(2), 175–178. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2012.05.001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ouafia, B., & Malik, B. (2010). Cognitive and behavioral treatment of the panic disorder with agoraphobia. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 13, 117–118. doi:10.1017/S1461145710000635
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Păsărelu, C. R., Andersson, G., Bergman Nordgren, L., & Dobrean, A. (2017). Internet-delivered transdiagnostic and tailored cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 46(1), 1–28. doi:10.1080/16506073.2016.1231219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PROSPERO International Propsective Register of Systematic Reviews. (2016). Systematic review of the efficacy and the acceptability of cognitive behavioural therapy among Arab populations experiencing anxiety, depression or PTSD. Retrieved from https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42016039222
   Google Scholar
• Razi, I. (1209/1992). Imam Razi’s ‘Ilm Al-Khlaq: English translation of hid Kitab Al-Nafs Wa’l-Ruh Wa Sharh Quwahuma [Book on the soul and the spirit and their faculties]. (M. S. H. Ma’sumi, Trans.). New Delhi: Kitab Bhavan.
   Google Scholar
• Rhazes. (925/1950). The spiritual physick of Rhazes. (A. J. Arberry, Trans.). London: Butler & Tanner.
   Google Scholar
• Sijbrandij, M., Kunovski, I., & Cuijpers, P. (2016). Effectiveness of Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-anlaysis. Depression and Anxiety, 33(9), 783–791. doi:10.1002/da.22533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenmark, H., Catani, C., Neuner, F., Elbert, T., & Holen, A. (2013). Treating PTSD in refugees and asylum seekers within the general health care system. A randomized controlled multicenter study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51(10), 641–647. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.07.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, R. E., & Chambless, D. L. (2009). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders in clinical practice: A meta-analysis of effectiveness studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(4), 595–606. doi:10.1037/a0016032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takriti, A., & Zakaria, Z. (1989). Panic disorder: Alprazolam versus cognitive therapy. Arab Journal of Psychiatry, 1, 12–21. Retrieved from http://www.arabjpsychiat.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7:supplement-vol1-nd-1-november1989&catid=1:volumes-a-articles&Itemid=2#03%20Abstract:_Panic_disorder,_Alprazolam_versus_cognitive_therapy_
   Google Scholar
• Takriti, Y., El-Sayeh, H. G., & Adams, C. E. (2005). Internet-based search of randomised trials relevant to mental health originating in the Arab world. BMC Psychiatry, 5, 30–37. doi:10.1186/1471-244x-5-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taloyan, M., Alinaghizadeh, H., & Löfvander, M. (2013). Short-term cognitive-behavioral treatment in multicultural primary care of patients with longstanding backache. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 54(5), 371–375. doi:10.1111/sjop.12061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, J., & Ashraf, S. (2011). Exploring the Islamic tradition for resonance and dissonance with cognitive therapy for depression. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 14(2), 183–190. doi:10.1080/13674676.2010.517190
   Google Scholar
• Titov, N. (2011). Internet-delivered psychotherapy for depression in adults. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 24, 18–23. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32833ed18f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Staples, L. G., Bennett-Levy, J., Klein, B., Rapee, R. M., … Nielssen, O. B. (2017). The first 30 months of the MindSpot Clinic: Evaluation of a national e-mental health service against project objectives. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 51(12), 1227–1239. doi:10.1177/0004867416671598
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Staples, L. G., Bennett-Levy, J., Klein, B., Rapee, R. M., … Nielssen, O. B. (2015). MindSpot Clinic: An accessible, efficient, and effective online treatment service for anxiety and depression. Psychiatric Services, 66(10), 1043–1050. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201400477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Staples, L. G., Terides, M. D., Karin, E., Sheehan, J., … McEvoy, P. M. (2015). Disorder-specific versus transdiagnostic and clinician-guided versus self-guided treatment for major depressive disorder and comorbid anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 35, 88–102. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.08.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Ballegooijen, W., Cuijpers, P., van Straten, A., Karyotaki, E., Andersson, G., Smit, J. H., … Riper., H. (2014). Adherence to internet-based and face-to-face cognitive behavioural therapy for depression: A meta-analysis. PloS One, 9(7), e100674. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, B., Brand, J., Schulz, W., & Knaevelsrud, C. (2012). Online working alliance predicts treatment outcome for posttraumatic stress symptoms in Arab war-traumatized patients. Depress Anxiety, 29(7), 646–651. doi:10.1002/da.21962
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, B., Schulz, W., & Knaevelsrud, C. (2012). Efficacy of an Internet-based intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder in Iraq: A pilot study. Psychiatry Research, 195(1–2), 85–88. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.07.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, R., Derrick, S., Claire, M., & Jackie, J. (2008). Impact of culture on the experience of panic symptoms in Arab and Australian patients at a psychology clinic. Australian Psychologist, 43(2), 127–131. doi:10.1080/00050060701477757
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walpole, S. C., McMillan, D., House, A., Cottrell, D., & Mir, G. (2013). Interventions for treating depression in Muslim patients: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 145(1), 11–20. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.06.035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wampold, B. E., Mondin, G. W., Moody, M., Stich, F., Benson, K., & Ahn, H.-N. (1997). A meta-analysis of outcome studies comparing bona fide psychotherapies: Empirically, “All must have prizes”. Psychological Bulletin, 122(3), 203–215. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.122.3.203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss, W. M., Murray, L. K., Zangana, G. A. S., Mahmooth, Z., Kaysen, D., Dorsey, S., … Bolton, P. (2015). Community-based mental health treatments for survivors of torture and militant attacks in Southern Iraq: A randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry, 15, 249. doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0622-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organisation. (2010). Global burden of disease study. Retrieved from http://www.healthdata.org/search-gbd-data?s=%22Mental%20and%20behavioral%20disorders%22
   Google Scholar