The effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy in chronic neck pain: A systematic review with meta-analysis

References

• Åkerblom, S., Perrin, S., Rivano Fischer, M., & McCracken, L. M. (2015). The mediating role of acceptance in multidisciplinary cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic pain. The Journal of Pain: Official Journal of the American Pain Society, 16(7), 606–615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2015.03.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexanders, J., Anderson, A., & Henderson, S. (2015). Musculoskeletal physiotherapists’ use of psychological interventions: A systematic review of therapists’ perceptions and practice. Physiotherapy, 101(2), 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2014.03.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen, T. E., Ravn, S. L., Armfield, N., Maujean, A., Requena, S. S., & Sterling, M. (2021). Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy and exercise for chronic whiplash with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomised controlled trial. Pain, 162(4), 1221–1232. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkins, D., Best, D., Briss, P. A., Eccles, M., Falck-Ytter, Y., Flottorp, S., Guyatt, G. H., Harbour, R. T., Haugh, M. C., Henry, D., Hill, S., Jaeschke, R., Leng, G., Liberati, A., Magrini, N., Mason, J., Middleton, P., Mrukowicz, J. … Zaza, S. (2004). Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ, 328(7454), 1490. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7454.1490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beltran-Alacreu, H., López de Uralde-Villanueva, I., Fernández-Carnero, J., & La Touche, R. (2015). Manual therapy, therapeutic patient education, and therapeutic exercise, an effective multimodal treatment of nonspecific chronic neck pain: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation / Association of Academic Physiatrists, 94(10 Suppl 1), 887–897. https://doi.org/10.1097/phm.0000000000000293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borenstein, M., Higgins, J. P., Hedges, L. V., & Rothstein, H. R. (2017). Basics of meta-analysis: I(2) is not an absolute measure of heterogeneity. Research Synthesis Methods, 8(1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brage, K., Ris, I., Falla, D., Søgaard, K., & Juul-Kristensen, B. (2015). Pain education combined with neck- and aerobic training is more effective at relieving chronic neck pain than pain education alone–A preliminary randomized controlled trial. Manual Therapy, 20(5), 686–693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2015.06.003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Broderick, J. E., Keefe, F. J., Schneider, S., Junghaenel, D. U., Bruckenthal, P., Schwartz, J. E., Kaell, A. T., Caldwell, D. S., McKee, D., & Gould, E. (2016). Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain is effective, but for whom? Pain, 157(9), 2115–2123. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carleton, R. N., Thibodeau, M. A., Teale, M. J., Welch, P. G., Abrams, M. P., Robinson, T., Asmundson, G. J., & Baradaran, H. R. (2013). The center for epidemiologic studies depression scale: A review with a theoretical and empirical examination of item content and factor structure. PLoS One, 8(3), e58067. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, J. O. S., & Cheng, S. T. (2019). Effectiveness of physical and cognitive-behavioural intervention programmes for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PLoS One, 14(10), e0223367. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleland, J. A., Childs, J. D., & Whitman, J. M. (2008). Psychometric properties of the neck disability index and numeric pain rating scale in patients with mechanical neck pain. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 89(1), 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook, C. E. (2008). Clinimetrics corner: The Minimal Clinically Important Change Score (MCID): A necessary pretense. The Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 16(4), E82–83. https://doi.org/10.1179/jmt.2008.16.4.82E
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cox, L. G., Kidgell, D. J., & Iles, R. A. (2019). Neck-specific strengthening exercises and cognitive therapy for chronic neck pain: A systematic review. Physical Therapy Reviews, 24(6), 335–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/10833196.2019.1664081
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Morton, N. A. (2009). The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the methodological quality of clinical trials: A demographic study. The Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, 55(2), 129–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-95140970043-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Zoete, R. M., Armfield, N. R., McAuley, J. H., Chen, K., & Sterling, M. (2021). Comparative effectiveness of physical exercise interventions for chronic non-specific neck pain: A systematic review with network meta-analysis of 40 randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 55(13), 730–742. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102664
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deeks, J. J., Higgins, J. P., & Altman, D. G. (2022). Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.3 (updated February 2022). Cochrane. www.training.cochrane.org/handbook
   Google Scholar
• Duggan, C., Parry, G., McMurran, M., Davidson, K., & Dennis, J. (2014). The recording of adverse events from psychological treatments in clinical trials: Evidence from a review of NIHR-funded trials. Trials, 15(1), 335. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-15-335
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunne, R. L., Kenardy, J., & Sterling, M. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of PTSD in the context of chronic whiplash. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 28(9), 755–765. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0b013e318243e16b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehde, D. M., Dillworth, T. M., & Turner, J. A. (2014). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for individuals with chronic pain: Efficacy, innovations, and directions for research. The American Psychologist, 69(2), 153–166. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez, M., Hartvigsen, J., Ferreira, M. L., Refshauge, K. M., Machado, A. F., Lemes Í, R., Maher, C. G., & Ferreira, P. H. (2015). Advice to stay active or structured exercise in the management of sciatica: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 40(18), 1457–1466. https://doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000001036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godfrey, E., Wileman, V., Galea Holmes, M., McCracken, L. M., Norton, S., Moss-Morris, R., Noonan, S., Barcellona, M., & Critchley, D. (2020). Physical therapy informed by acceptance and commitment therapy (PACT) versus usual care physical therapy for adults with chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Pain: Official Journal of the American Pain Society, 21(1–2), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2019.05.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grantham, B., Korakakis, V., & O’Sullivan, K. (2021). Does blood flow restriction training enhance clinical outcomes in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physical Therapy in Sport: Official Journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine, 49, 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.01.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustavsson, C., & von Koch, L. (2006). Applied relaxation in the treatment of long-lasting neck pain: A randomized controlled pilot study. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine: Official Journal of the UEMS European Board of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, 38(2), 100–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/16501970510044025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guyatt, G., Oxman, A. D., Akl, E. A., Kunz, R., Vist, G., Brozek, J., Norris, S., Falck-Ytter, Y., Glasziou, P., DeBeer, H., Jaeschke, R., Rind, D., Meerpohl, J., Dahm, P., & Schünemann, H. J. (2011). GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 64(4), 383–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guyatt, G. H., Thorlund, K., Oxman, A. D., Walter, S. D., Patrick, D., Furukawa, T. A., Johnston, B. C., Karanicolas, P., Akl, E. A., Vist, G., Kunz, R., Brozek, J., Kupper, L. L., Martin, S. L., Meerpohl, J. J., Alonso-Coello, P., Christensen, R., & Schunemann, H. J. (2013). GRADE guidelines: 13. Preparing summary of findings tables and evidence profiles-continuous outcomes. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 66(2), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, A., Richmond, H., Copsey, B., Hansen, Z., Williamson, E., Jones, G., Fordham, B., Cooper, Z., & Lamb, S. (2018). Physiotherapist-delivered cognitive-behavioural interventions are effective for low back pain, but can they be replicated in clinical practice? A systematic review. Disability & Rehabilitation, 40(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2016.1236155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M. J., & Welch, V. A. (2022a). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.3 (updated february 2022). Cochrane.
   Google Scholar
• Higgins, Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M. J., & Welch, V. A. (2022b). Chapter 13. Bias due to missing results. In M. J. Page, J. Higgins, & J. A. Sterne (Eds.), Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.3. Cochrane.
   Google Scholar
• Higgins, Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Page, M. J., & Welch, V. A. (2022). Chapter 10. meta-analyses. In J. J. Deeks, J. Higgins, & D. G. Altman (Eds.), Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.3 (updated february 2022). Cochrane.
   Google Scholar
• Ho, E. K., Chen, L., Simic, M., Ashton-James, C. E., Comachio, J., Wang, D. X. M., Hayden, J. A., Ferreira, M. L., & Ferreira, P. H. (2022). Psychological interventions for chronic, non-specific low back pain: Systematic review with network meta-analysis. BMJ, 376, e067718. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-067718
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoffmann, T. C., Glasziou, P. P., Boutron, I., Milne, R., Perera, R., Moher, D., Altman, D. G., Barbour, V., Macdonald, H., Johnston, M., Lamb, S. E., Dixon-Woods, M., McCulloch, P., Wyatt, J. C., Chan, A. W., & Michie, S. (2014). Better reporting of interventions: Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. BMJ, 348(mar07 3), g1687. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g1687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J., Sawyer, A. T., & Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(5), 427–440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-012-9476-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoy, D., March, L., Woolf, A., Blyth, F., Brooks, P., Smith, E., Vos, T., Barendregt, J., Blore, J., Murray, C., Burstein, R., & Buchbinder, R. (2014). The global burden of neck pain: Estimates from the global burden of disease 2010 study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 73(7), 1309–1315. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javdaneh, N., Letafatkar, A., Shojaedin, S., & Hadadnezhad, M. (2020). Scapular exercise combined with cognitive functional therapy is more effective at reducing chronic neck pain and kinesiophobia than scapular exercise alone: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 34(12), 1485–1496. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215520941910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karagiannis, C., Savva, C., Mamais, I., Efstathiou, M., Monticone, M., & Xanthos, T. (2017). Eccentric exercise in ischemic cardiac patients and functional capacity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 60(1), 58–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2016.10.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karanasios, S., Korakakis, V., Whiteley, R., Vasilogeorgis, I., Woodbridge, S., & Gioftsos, G. (2021). Exercise interventions in lateral elbow tendinopathy have better outcomes than passive interventions, but the effects are small: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 2123 subjects in 30 trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 55(9), 477–485. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazantzis, N., Luong, H. K., Usatoff, A. S., Impala, T., Yew, R. Y., & Hofmann, S. G. (2018). The processes of cognitive behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 42(4), 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-018-9920-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerns, R. D., Sellinger, J., & Goodin, B. R. (2011). Psychological treatment of chronic pain. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 7(1), 411–434. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-090310-120430
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Knoerl, R., Lavoie Smith, E. M., & Weisberg, J. (2016). Chronic pain and cognitive behavioral therapy: An integrative review. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 38(5), 596–628. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945915615869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korakakis, V., Whiteley, R., Tzavara, A., & Malliaropoulos, N. (2018). The effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in common lower limb conditions: A systematic review including quantification of patient-rated pain reduction. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(6), 387–407. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097347
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leak, A. M., Cooper, J., Dyer, S., Williams, K. A., Turner-Stokes, L., & Frank, A. O. (1994). The Northwick Park neck pain questionnaire, devised to measure neck pain and disability. British Journal of Rheumatology, 33(5), 469–474. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/33.5.469
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lemes, Í. R., Ferreira, P. H., Linares, S. N., Machado, A. F., Pastre, C. M., & Netto, J. J. (2016). Resistance training reduces systolic blood pressure in metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(23), 1438–1442. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-094715
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-79679400075-u
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludvigsson, M. L., Peterson, G., Dedering, Å., & Peolsson, A. (2016). One- and two-year follow-up of a randomized trial of neck-specific exercise with or without a behavioural approach compared with prescription of physical activity in chronic whiplash disorder. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine: Official Journal of the UEMS European Board of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, 48(1), 56–64. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludvigsson, M. L., Peterson, G., O’Leary, S., Dedering, Å., & Peolsson, A. (2015). The effect of neck-specific exercise with, or without a behavioral approach, on pain, disability, and self-efficacy in chronic whiplash-associated disorders: A randomized clinical trial. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 31(4), 294–303. https://doi.org/10.1097/ajp.0000000000000123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luque-Suarez, A., Martinez-Calderon, J., & Falla, D. (2019). Role of kinesiophobia on pain, disability and quality of life in people suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(9), 554–559. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098673
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maher, C. G., Sherrington, C., Herbert, R. D., Moseley, A. M., & Elkins, M. (2003). Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating quality of randomized controlled trials. Physical Therapy, 83(8), 713–721. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/83.8.713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, R. P., Kori, S. H., & Todd, D. D. (1991). The tampa scale: A measure of kinisophobia. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 7(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199103000-00053
   Google Scholar
• Monticone, M., Ambrosini, E., Cedraschi, C., Rocca, B., Fiorentini, R., Restelli, M., Gianola, S., Ferrante, S., Zanoli, G., & Moja, L. (2015). Cognitive-behavioral Treatment for Subacute and Chronic Neck Pain: A cochrane review. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 40(19), 1495–1504. https://doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000001052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monticone, M., Ambrosini, E., Rocca, B., Cazzaniga, D., Liquori, V., Pedrocchi, A., & Vernon, H. (2017). RETRACTED: Group-based multimodal exercises integrated with cognitive-behavioural therapy improve disability, pain and quality of life of subjects with chronic neck pain: A randomized controlled trial with one-year follow-up. Clinical Rehabilitation, 31(6), 742–752. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215516651979
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monticone, M., Ambrosini, E., Vernon, H., Rocca, B., Finco, G., Foti, C., & Ferrante, S. (2018). Efficacy of two brief cognitive-behavioral rehabilitation programs for chronic neck pain: Results of a randomized controlled pilot study. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 54(6), 890–899. https://doi.org/10.23736/s1973-9087.18.05206-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monticone, M., Baiardi, P., Vanti, C., Ferrari, S., Nava, T., Montironi, C., Rocca, B., Foti, C., & Teli, M. (2012). Chronic neck pain and treatment of cognitive and behavioural factors: Results of a randomised controlled clinical trial. European Spine Journal, 21(8), 1558–1566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-012-2287-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moseley, A. M., Rahman, P., Wells, G. A., Zadro, J. R., Sherrington, C., Toupin-April, K., Brosseau, L., & Hübscher, M. (2019). Agreement between the cochrane risk of bias tool and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale: A meta-epidemiological study of randomized controlled trials of physical therapy interventions. PLoS One, 14(9), e0222770. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222770
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Overdevest, G. M., Jacobs, W., Vleggeert-Lankamp, C., Thomé, C., Gunzburg, R., & Peul, W. (2015). Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, Cd010036. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010036.pub2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Overmeer, T., Peterson, G., Landén Ludvigsson, M., & Peolsson, A. (2016). The effect of neck-specific exercise with or without a behavioral approach on psychological factors in chronic whiplash-associated disorders: A randomized controlled trial with a 2-year follow-up. Medicine (Baltimore), 95(34), e4430. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000004430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E. … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pato, U., DiStefano, G., Fravi, N., Arnold, M., Curatolo, M., Radanov, B. P., Ballinari, P., & Sturzenegger, M. (2010). Comparison of randomized treatments for late whiplash. Neurology, 74(15), 1223–1230. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181d8ffe0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellicciari, L., Bonetti, F., DiFoggia, D., Monesi, M., & Vercelli, S. (2016). Patient-reported outcome measures for non-specific neck pain validated in the Italian-language: A systematic review. Archives of Physiotherapy, 6(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40945-016-0024-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Phillips, R., Hazell, L., Sauzet, O., & Cornelius, V. (2019). Analysis and reporting of adverse events in randomised controlled trials: A review. British Medical Journal Open, 9(2), e024537. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024537
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pitsillides, A., Stasinopoulos, D., & Giannakou, K. (2021). The effects of cognitive behavioural therapy delivered by physical therapists in knee osteoarthritis pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 25, 157–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.11.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabin, R., & de Charro, F. (2001). EQ-5D: A measure of health status from the EuroQol group. Annals of Medicine, 33(5), 337–343. https://doi.org/10.3109/07853890109002087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safiri, S., Kolahi, A.-A., Hoy, D., Buchbinder, R., Mansournia, M. A., Bettampadi, D., Ashrafi-Asgarabad, A., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Smith, E., Sepidarkish, M., Cross, M., Qorbani, M., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Woolf, A. D., March, L., Collins, G., & Ferreira, M. L. (2020). Global, regional, and national burden of neck pain in the general population, 1990-2017: Systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2017. BMJ, 368, m791. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m791
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schroll, J. B., Moustgaard, R., & Gøtzsche, P. C. (2011). Dealing with substantial heterogeneity in cochrane reviews. Cross-sectional study. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 11(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-11-22
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Söderlund, A., & Lindberg, P. (2007). Cognitive behavioural components in physiotherapy management of chronic whiplash associated disorders (WAD)–a randomised group study. Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro ed ergonomia, 29(1 Suppl A), A5–11.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sullivan, M. J., Thorn, B., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Keefe, F., Martin, M., Bradley, L. A., & Lefebvre, J. C. (2001). Theoretical perspectives on the relation between catastrophizing and pain. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 17(1), 52–64. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-200103000-00008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taimela, S., Takala, E. P., Asklöf, T., Seppälä, K., & Parviainen, S. (2000). Active treatment of chronic neck pain: A prospective randomized intervention. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 25(8), 1021–1027. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200004150-00018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terwee, C. B., Roorda, L. D., Dekker, J., Bierma-Zeinstra, S. M., Peat, G., Jordan, K. P., Croft, P., & de Vet, H. C. (2010). Mind the MIC: Large variation among populations and methods. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 63(5), 524–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.08.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, D. P., Oldham, J. A., & Woby, S. R. (2016). Does adding cognitive-behavioural physiotherapy to exercise improve outcome in patients with chronic neck pain? A randomised controlled trial. Physiotherapy, 102(2), 170–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2015.04.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, D. P., & Woby, S. R. (2018). The processes underpinning reductions in disability among people with chronic neck pain. A preliminary comparison between two distinct types of physiotherapy intervention. Disability & Rehabilitation, 40(7), 779–783. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2016.1276638
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vernon, H., & Mior, S. (1991). The neck disability index: A study of reliability and validity. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 14(7), 409–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vonk, F., Verhagen, A. P., Twisk, J. W., Köke, A. J., Luiten, M. W., & Koes, B. W. (2009). Effectiveness of a behaviour graded activity program versus conventional exercise for chronic neck pain patients. European Journal of Pain, 13(5), 533–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.06.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waddell, G., Newton, M., Henderson, I., Somerville, D., & Main, C. J. (1993). A Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and the role of fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic low back pain and disability. Pain, 52(2), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(93)90127-b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westaway, M. D., Stratford, P. W., & Binkley, J. M. (1998). The patient-specific functional scale: Validation of its use in persons with neck dysfunction. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 27(5), 331–338. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1998.27.5.331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whale, K., Wylde, V., Beswick, A., Rathbone, J., Vedhara, K., & Gooberman-Hill, R. (2019). Effectiveness and reporting standards of psychological interventions for improving short-term and long-term pain outcomes after total knee replacement: A systematic review. British Medical Journal Open, 9(12), e029742. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheeler, A. H., Goolkasian, P., Baird, A. C., & Darden, B. V., 2nd. (1999). Development of the Neck Pain and Disability Scale. Item analysis, face, and criterion-related validity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 24(13), 1290–1294. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199907010-00004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wicksell, R. K., Ahlqvist, J., Bring, A., Melin, L., & Olsson, G. L. (2008). Can exposure and acceptance strategies improve functioning and life satisfaction in people with chronic pain and Whiplash‐Associated Disorders (WAD)? A randomized controlled trial. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 37(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506070802078970
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams, A. C., Eccleston, C., & Morley, S. (2012). Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 11(11), Cd007407. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007407.pub3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xu, Y., Song, Y., Sun, D., Fekete, G., & Gu, Y. (2020). Effect of multi-modal therapies for kinesiophobia caused by musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 9439. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, B. A., Walker, M. J., Strunce, J. B., Boyles, R. E., Whitman, J. M., & Childs, J. D. (2009). Responsiveness of the neck disability index in patients with mechanical neck disorders. The Spine Journal: Official Journal of the North American Spine Society, 9(10), 802–808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2009.06.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361–370. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar