How to Preserve the Broadcasting License Fee: the Case of Norway

References

• Ala-Fossi M. & Hujanen, T. (2010). ‘The Rise and Fall of Public Service Media Fee Proposal in Finland’, Arbeitspapier, Heft 269, Cologne: Institut für Rundfunkökonomie an der Universität zu Köln
   Google Scholar
• Alstad, T. E. (2007). ‘Lisens eller lån?’ [Licence fee or loan?], in Dagens Næringsliv, 03.01, 51
   Google Scholar
• Association of Commercial Television in Europe (ACT) (2004). Safeguarding the Future of the European Audiovisual Market. http://www.aereurope.org/images /PolicyPDFs/public%20sector%202004.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Bardoel, J. & Lowe, G. F. (2008). ‘From Public Service Broadcasting to Public Service Media. The Core Challenge’ in Lowe, G. F. & Bardoel, J. (eds) From Public Service Broadcasting to Public Service Media. RIPE@2007. Göteborg: Nordicom, 9–29
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, J. (2008). ‘Interfacing the Nation: Remediating Public Service Broadcasting in the Digital Television Age’, Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 14 (3): 277–294
   Google Scholar
• Born, G. (2005). ‘Digitising Democracy’, The Political Quarterly, 76 (s1): 102–23
   Google Scholar
• Brevini, B. (2010). ‘Towards PSB 2.0? Applying the PSB ethos to online media in Europe: A comparative study of PSB’s internet policies in Spain, Italy and Britain,’ European Journal of Communication, 25 (4): 348–365
   Google Scholar
• Donders, K. & Pauwels, C. (2010). ‘What if Competition Policy Assists the Transfer from Public Service Broadcasting to Public Service Media? An Analysis of EU State Aid Control and its Relevance for Public Broadcasting’, in Gripsrud, J. & Moe, H. (eds) The Digital Public Sphere: Challenges for Media Policy. Gothenburg: Nordicom, 117–132
   Google Scholar
• EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) (2005). State Aid – Financing of NRK – Letter According to Article 17(2) in Part II of Protocol 3 to the Surveillance and Court Agreement, Date: 12.05
   Google Scholar
• Elgesem, D., Moe, H., Sjøvaag, H., Stavelin, E., Agdestein, M., Laberg, J., Lorgen, L. & Losnegaard, G. S. (2010). NRKs nyhetstilbud på Internett i 2009 [The NRK’s online news in 2009]. Report to the Norwegian Media Authority. Bergen: University of Bergen
   Google Scholar
• Facebook (2011). Vi skal fjerne TV-lisensen, og vi trenger deg for å få det til! [We’re going to get rid of the licence fee, and we need you to make it happen!], http://www.facebook.com /group.php?gid=41645784174
   Google Scholar
• Familie-og kulturkomiteen [The Committee on Family and Cultural Affairs] (2008). Innstilling fra familie-og kulturkomiteen om NRK-plakaten ‘Noe for alle. Alltid’ [Submission from the committee on family and cultural affairs on the NRK manifesto]. Innst. S. nr. 169 (2007–2008)
   Google Scholar
• Freedman, D. (2010). ‘Media Policy Silences: The Hidden Face of Communications Decision Making’, The International Journal of Press/Politics 15 (3): 344–362
   Google Scholar
• Gabrielsen, T. S. & Vagstad, S. (2007). ‘Noe mer enn en regnskapsteknisk endring?’ [Something more than a formal change to accounting?], Dagens Næringsliv, 11.01, 63
   Google Scholar
• Gram, T. (2001). ‘NRK satser på utdanning’ [The NRK goes for education], in Propaganda. http://www.propaganda-as.no/tekst.cfm?id= 34233
   Google Scholar
• Harrison, J. & Wessels, B. (2005). ‘A New Public Service Communication Environment? Public Service Broadcasting Values in the Reconfiguring Media’, New Media & Society 7 (6): 834–53
   Google Scholar
• Jakubowicz, K. (2008). ‘Public Service Broadcasting in the 21st Century. What Chance for a New Beginning?’, in Lowe, G. F. & Bardoel, J. (eds) From Public Service Broadcasting to Public Service Media. RIPE@2007. Göteborg: Nordicom, 29–51
   Google Scholar
• Kampanje (2009). Delt i synet på NRK-lisens [Divided on the NRK licence fee issue], http://www.kampanje.com/medier/article5243053.ece
   Google Scholar
• Kampanje (2011a). Medietilsynet mer uavhengig [The Media Authority gains more independence], http://www.kampanje.com/medier/article5503739.ece
   Google Scholar
• Kampanje (2011b). Flere betaler lisensen med glede [More people pay the licence fee with pleasure], http://www.kampanje.com/medier/article5535979.ece
   Google Scholar
• Kampanje (2011c). -Kan ikke banne på at Høyre vil fjerne lisensen [Cannot swear that the Conservative party will abolish the licence fee], http://www.kampanje.com /medier/article5632857.ece
   Google Scholar
• Karppinen, K. & Moe, H. (2012). ‘What We Talk About When We Talk About Document Analysis’ in Puppis, M. & Just, N. (eds) Trends in Communication Policy Research: New Theories, Methods and Subjects. Bristol: Intellect Books
   Google Scholar
• Lilleborge, M. T. (2011). ‘The public service remit in Norway; what’s in and what’s out?’ in Donders, K. & Moe, H. (eds) Exporting the Public Value Test: The Regulation of Public Broadcasters’ New Media Services Across Europe. Gothenburg: Nordicom, 95–106
   Google Scholar
• MedieNorge/SSB (2011). Radiolytting fordelt på ulike radiokanaler [Radio listening, different channels], http://medienorge.uib.no/?cat=statistikk&medium=radio&query ID=240
   Google Scholar
• MedieNorge/TNS Gallup (2011a). TV-kanalenes seertall per år [The TV channels’ viewer numbers per year], http://medienorge.uib.no/?cat=statistikk&medium=tv&query ID=219
   Google Scholar
• MedieNorge/TNS Gallup (2011b). Daglig dekning for nasjonale mediehus [Daily reach for national media houses].
   Google Scholar
• Mendel, T. (2000). Public service broadcasting. A comparative legal survey. Kuala Lumpur: UNESCO, Asia Pacic Institute for Broadcasting Development. http://www.unesco.org/webworld/publications/mendel/jaya_index.html
   Google Scholar
• Moe, H. (2009). Public Broadcasters, the Internet, and Democracy. Comparing Policy and Exploring Public Service Media Online. Bergen: University of Bergen
   Google Scholar
• Moe, H. (2011). ‘Defining Public Service beyond Broadcasting: The Legitimacy of Different Approaches’ International Journal of Cultural Policy 17 (1): 52–68
   Google Scholar
• Moe, H. (2012). ‘Between Public Service and Commercial Venture: The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation on the Web 1994–2000’, in Burns, M. & Brügger, N. (eds) Histories of Public Service Broadcasters on the Web, Peter Lang, 75–88
   Google Scholar
• Moe, H. & Syvertsen, T. (2009). ‘Researching Public Service Broadcasting’ in Wahl-Jorgensen, K. & Hanitzsch, T. (eds) Handbook of Journalism Studies. New York, London: Routledge, 398–412
   Google Scholar
• Mossin, B. Å. (2006). ‘NRK vil ha avgift på PC og mobiltelefon’ [The NRK wants licence fee on PCs and mobile phones], Journalisten (11), 8–9
   Google Scholar
• Murdock, G. (2005). ‘Building the Digital Commons’, in Lowe, G. F. & Jauert, P. (eds) Cultural Dilemmas in Public Service Broadcasting. Göteborg: Nordicom, 213–31
   Google Scholar
• Musgrave, R. A. (1959). The Theory of Public Finance. New York: McGraw-Hill
   Google Scholar
• NRK (1995). Tidssignalet, extra issue, June. Oslo: NRK
   Google Scholar
• NRK Aktivum (2006). Et bredt spekter av varer og tjenester [A broad spectrum of goods and services], www.nrk.no/informasjon/organisasjonen/nrk_aktivum/2733537.html
   Google Scholar
• NRK (2010). NRK kutter nettreklame [NRK abandons online adverts], http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/kultur/1.7053523
   Google Scholar
• NTB (2008). -Takk og farvel til TV-lisensen [Thank you and goodbye to the licence fee], http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.5240127
   Google Scholar
• OECD (2010). GDP per head, US $, current prices, current PPPs, http://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?queryid=558
   Google Scholar
• Regjeringen [Government] (2007). Kringkasting i en digital fremtid [Broadcasting in a digital future]. St. meld. nr 30 (2006–2007)
   Google Scholar
• Scott, J. (1990). A Matter of Record. Documentary Sources in Social Research. Cambridge: Polity Press
   Google Scholar
• Skogerbø, E. (1996). Privatising the Public Interest -Conflicts and Compromises in Norwegian Media Politics 1980–1993. Department of Media and Communication. Oslo, University of Oslo
   Google Scholar
• Strømmen, N. P. (1999). Forretninger i allmennhetens tjeneste – en analyse av sekundæraktivitetene i NRK [Business in the public interest – an analysis of the NRK’s secondary activities]. Oslo: University of Oslo
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, C. M., Gil-Egui, G. & Pileggi, M. S. (2004). ‘The City Park as a Public Good Reference for Internet Policy Making’, Information, Communication & Society, 7 (3): 337–63.
   Google Scholar
• Thoresen, H. & Bolstad, E. (2011). ‘Ex ante limits public broadcasting and gives the public less attractive services’ in Donders, K. & Moe, H. (eds) Exporting the Public Value Test: The Regulation of Public Broadcasters’ New Media Services Across Europe. Gothenburg: Nordicom, 107–116
   Google Scholar
• Van den Bulck, H. (2008). ‘Can PSB Stake its Claim in a Media World of Digital Convergence? The Case of the Flemish PSB Management Contract Renewal from an International Perspective’, Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 14 (3): 335–349
   Google Scholar
• Wekre, H. (2006). ‘NRK-serie blir temapark’ [NRK series becomes theme park], in Kampanje. http://www.kampanje.com/markedsf_ring/article102021.ece
   Google Scholar
• Østbye, H. (2007). ‘The Norwegian Media Landscape’, in Terzis, G. (ed.) European Media Governance: National and Regional Dimensions. Bristol: Intellect, 157–69
   Google Scholar
• Østbye, H., Helland, K., Knapskog, K. & Larsen, L. O. (2007). Metodebok for mediefag, 3. Utgave [Methods for media studies, 3rd edition]. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget
   Google Scholar