1,497
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Why are traditional newspaper publishers still surviving in the digital era? The impact of long-term trends on the Flemish newspaper industry’s financing, 1990–2014

&
Pages 82-115 | Received 15 Jul 2016, Accepted 31 Jan 2017, Published online: 07 Apr 2017

References

  • Albarran, A. B. (2010). The Media Economy. New York, London: Routledge.
  • An, S., Jin, H. S., & Simon, T. (2006). Ownership structure of publicly traded newspaper companies and their financial performance. Journal of Media Economics, 19(2), 119–136. doi:10.1207/s15327736me1902_3
  • Anand, J. (2005). M&A Strategies in matured and declining industries: Theoretical perspectives and implications. In C. L. Cooper & S. Finkelstein (Eds.), Advances in mergers and acquisitions (Volume 4, pp. 163–179). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Associatie van Communicatieprofessionals (ACP). (1992). De Belgische reclame in haar economische context 1991/1992. Brussel: Associatie van Communicatieprofessionals (ACP).
  • Badillo, P.-Y., & Bourgeois, D. (2016). Switzerland. In E. Noam & International Media Concentration Collaboration (Eds.), Who Owns the World’s Media? Media Ownership and Concentration Around The World (pp. 385–386). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Bakker, P. (2008). The simultaneous rise and fall of free and paid newspapers in Europe. Journalism Practice, 2(3), 427–443. doi:10.1080/17512780802281164
  • Berger, B., Matt, C., Steininger, D. M., & Hess, T. (2015). It is not just about competition with “Free”: Differences between content formats in consumer preferences and willingness to pay. Journal of Management Information Systems, 32(3), 105–128. doi:10.1080/07421222.2015.1095038
  • Berry, S., & Waldfogel, J. (2010). Product quality and market size. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 58(1), 1–31. doi:10.1111/joie.2010.58.issue-1
  • Berte, K. (2010). Reclame in een digitaal medialandschap: Uitdagingen, knelpunten en opportuniteiten voor reclame op interactieve digitale televisie. Gent: Universiteit Gent.
  • Beyers, H. (2005). De Vlaamse kranten op het net: Een korte geschiedenis. Cursusbijlage Structuur en werking van de pers en de audiovisuele media. Academiejaar 2005-2006. Antwerpen: Universiteit van Antwerpen.
  • Biltereyst, D., & Van Gompel, R. (1997). Crisis and renewal of the Fourth Estate: On the post-war development of the Flemish newspaper press. Communications: The European Journal of Communication Research, 27(3), 275–300.
  • Björkroth, T., & Grönlund, M. (2011). Newspaper market concentration, competitive pressure and financial performance: The case of Finland. Journal of Media Business Studies, 8(3), 19–50. doi:10.1080/16522354.2011.11073525
  • Blankenburg, W., & Ozanich, G. (1993). The effects of public ownership on the financial performance of newspaper corporations. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 70(1), 68–75. doi:10.1177/107769909307000108
  • Boczkowski, P. J. (2004). Digitizing the news: Innovation in online newspapers. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Bond, S. (2015, December 9). Blendle micropayments platform to launch in US. Financial Times.
  • Boone, C., Carroll, G. R., & van Witteloostuijn, A. (2004). Size, differentiation and the performance of Dutch daily newspapers. Industrial and Corporate Change, 13(1), 117–148. doi:10.1093/icc/13.1.117
  • Boumans, J. W. (2016). Outsourcing the news? An empirical assessment of the role of sources and news agencies in the contemporary news landscape. Amsterdam: Universiteit van Amsterdam.
  • Brock, G. (2013). Out of print: Newspapers, journalism and the business of news in the digital age. London: Kogan Page.
  • Brüggemann, M., Esser, F., & Humprecht, E. (2012). The strategic repertoire of publishers in the media crisis: The “Five C” scheme in Germany. Journalism Studies, 13(5–6), 742–752. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2012.664336
  • Busterna, J. (1988). Concentration and the Industrial Organisation Model. In R. G. Picard, J. P. Winter, M. E. McCombs, & S. Lacy (Eds.), Press Concentration and Monopoly: New Perspectives on Newspaper Ownership and Operation (pp. 35–54). Norwood: Ablex Publishing.
  • Chen, R., Thorson, E., & Lacy, S. (2005). The impact of newsroom investment on newspaper revenues and profits: Small and medium newspapers, 1998-2002. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 82(3), 516–532. doi:10.1177/107769900508200303
  • Cho, H., Martin, H. J., & Lacy, S. (2006). An industry in transition: Entry and exit in daily newspaper markets, 1987-2003. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 83(2), 381–396. doi:10.1177/107769900608300210
  • Cho, S., Thorson, E., & Lacy, S. (2004). Increased Circulation Follows Investments in Newsroom. Newspaper Research Journal, 25(4), 26–39.
  • Corden, W. M. (1953). The maximisation of profit by a newspaper. Review of Economic Studies, 20, 181–190. doi:10.2307/2295888
  • Cory, P. (2015). Teuton vs. Titans. Columbia Journalism Review, 53(5), 44–49.
  • De Bens, E. (1995). Het Profiel van de Vlaamse dagbladjournalist. In E. Hollander, P. Rutten, C. van der Linden, & J. Stappers (Eds.), Communication culture community: Liber amicorum James Stappers (pp. 263–277). Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum.
  • De Bens, E. (2001). De Pers in België: het Verhaal van de Belgische Dagbladpers van Gisteren, Vandaag en Morgen (2nd ed.). Leuven: Lannoo Campus.
  • De Bens, E., & Paulussen, S. (2003). De impact van het internet op de journalistiek. In D. Biltereyst & Y. Peeren (Eds.), Nieuws, democratie en burgerschap: Onderzoek over hedendaagse nieuwsmedia (pp. 201–219). Gent: Academia Press.
  • De Bens, E., & Raeymaeckers, K. (2010). De Pers in België: Het Verhaal van de Belgische Dagbladpers Gisteren, Vandaag en Morgen (3rd ed.). Leuven: Lannoo Campus.
  • De Preter, W. (2015, February 12). Persgroep kan overname Mecom helemaal afronden. De Tijd.
  • De Schryvere, S. (1992). De evolutie van de Oplage van de Belgische Dagbladpers: 1960-1990. Gent: Rijksuniversiteit Gent.
  • De Tijd. (1997, October 11). De negatieve spiraal en de uitweg. De Tijd.
  • Diallo, A., & Tomek, G. (2015). The interpretation of HH-Index output value when used as Mobile Market Competitiveness Indicator. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(12), 48–53. doi:10.5539/ijbm.v10n12p48
  • Dimmick, J. (2006). Media Competition and Levels of Analysis. In A. B. Albarran, S. H. Chang, & M. O. Wirth (Eds.), Handbook of Media Management and Economics (pp. 345–362). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Edge, M. (2014). Newspapers’ Annual Reports Show Chains Profitable. Newspaper Research Journal, 35(4), 66–82. doi:10.1177/073953291403500406
  • Ernst & Young. (1991). Sectoriële analyse van de schrijvende pers in Vlaanderen. Ernst & Young.
  • Esteban-Bravo, M., Vidal-Sanz, J. M., & Yildirim, G. (2015). Historical impact of technological change on the US mass media advertising expenditure. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 100, 306–316. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2015.07.018
  • Fan, Y. (2013). Ownership consolidation and product characteristics: A study of the U.S. daily newspaper market. American Economic Review, 103(5), 1598–1628. doi:10.1257/aer.103.5.1598
  • Fetscherin, M., & Knolmayer, G. (2004). Business models for content delivery: An empirical analysis of the newspaper and magazine industry. International Journal on Media Management, 6(1/2), 4–11.
  • George, L. M. (2008). The internet and the market for daily newspapers. B. E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 8(1), 26. doi:10.2202/1935-1682.1944
  • George, L. M. (2015). Digital technology, disruption and the market for news. In R. G. Picard & S. S. Wildman (Eds.), Handbook on the Economics of the Media (pp. 259–273). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Green, S. B. (2010). How many subjects does it take to do a regression analysis: How many subjects does it take to do regression analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 26(3), 499–510. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr2603_7
  • Greene, W. H. (2003). Econometric Analysis (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Grueskin, B., Seave, A., & Graves, L. (2011). The story so far: What we know about the business of digital journalism. Columbia Journalism School, Tow Center for Digital Journalism. Retrieved from http://cjrarchive.org/img/posts/report/The_Story_So_Far.pdf
  • Halbheer, D., Stahl, F., Koenigsberg, O., & Lehmann, D. R. (2014). Choosing a digital content strategy: How much should be free? International Journal of Research in Marketing, 31(2), 192–206. doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2013.10.004
  • Hauttekeete, L. (2004). De tabloidisering van kranten: mythe of feit? De ontwikkeling van een meetinstrument en een onderzoek naar de tabloidisering van Vlaamse kranten. Gent: Universiteit Gent.
  • Hendriks, P. (1999). Newspapers: A lost cause? Strategic Management of Newspaper Firms in the United States and the Netherlands. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Jung, J. (2003). The bigger, the better? Measuring the financial health of media firms. International Journal on Media Management, 5(4), 237–250. doi:10.1080/14241270309390040
  • Karimi, J., & Walter, Z. (2015). The role of dynamic capabilities in responding to digital disruption: A factor-based study of the newspaper industry. Journal of Management Information Systems, 32(1), 39–81. doi:10.1080/07421222.2015.1029380
  • Kind, H. J., Nilssen, T., & Sørgard, L. (2009). Business models for media firms: Does competition matter for how they raise revenue? Marketing Science, 28(6), 1112–1128. doi:10.1287/mksc.1090.0514
  • Krumsvik, A. H. (2012). Why old media will be funding journalism in the future. Journalism Studies, 13(5–6), 729–741. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2012.664331
  • Küng, L., Newman, N., & Picard, R. G. (2016). Online news. In J. Bauer & M. Latzer (Eds.), Handbook on the Economics of the Internet (pp. 443–457). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Lacy, S., Diddi, A., & Thorson, E. (2006). Small dailies’ profit margins half those of medium dailies. Newspaper Research Journal, 27(3), 22–36. doi:10.1177/073953290602700303
  • Leurdijk, A., Nieuwenhuis, O., & Slot, M. (2012). Statistical, Ecosystems and Competitiveness Analysis of the Media and Content Industries: The Newspaper Industry. Luxembourg: European Commission, Joint Research Centre. Retrieved from https://www.tno.nl/media/2819/newspaper_publishing_industry_jrc69881.pdf
  • Levy, D. A. L., & Nielsen, R. K. (Eds.). (2010). The changing business of journalism and its implications for democracy. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
  • Lewis, J., Williams, A., Franklin, B., Thomas, J., & Mosdell, N. (2008). The quality and independence of British journalism: Tracking the changes over 20 years. Cardiff: Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://www.mediawise.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Quality-Independence-of-British-Journalism.pdf
  • Lewis, R. (1995). Relationship between newspaper subscription price and circulation, 1971-1992. Journal of Media Economics, 8(1), 25–41. doi:10.1207/s15327736me0801_3
  • Lischka, J. A., Kienzler, S., & Mellmann, U. (2014). Sales drive advertising expenditures: Evidence for consumer packaged and durable goods in Germany. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 6(1), 31–44. doi:10.5539/ijms.v6n1p31
  • Ludwig, J. (2000). The essential economic problem of the media: Working between market failure and cross-financing. Journal of Media Economics, 13(3), 187–200. doi:10.1207/S15327736ME1303_3
  • Martin, H. J. (1998). Measuring newspaper profits: Developing a standard of comparison. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 75(3), 500–517. doi:10.1177/107769909807500306
  • McQuail, D. (1992). Media Performance: Mass Communication and the Public Interest. London: Sage.
  • Mees, M., & Poppe, J. (1991). De Belgische reclamebestedingen in 1990. Mediagids, Reclame, aflevering, 20, 1–10.
  • Napoli, P. M. (2010). Audience Evolution: New technologies and the transformation of media audiences. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Nationale Bank van België (NBB). (2016). Economische projecties voor België – Voorjaar 2016. NBB Economisch Tijdschrift. Retrieved from https://www.nbb.be/doc/ts/publications/economicreview/2016/ecotijdi2016_h1.pdf
  • NDP Nieuwsmedia. (2004-2016). Jaarverslag 2003-2015. Amsterdam: NDP Nieuwsmedia. Retrieved from http://www.ndpnieuwsmedia.nl/jaarverslag/
  • Niewold, B., van der Werf, B., Punt, B., Yperlaan, O., Wynia, J., den Ouden, M., & Kuijpers, V. (2010). Onderzoek naar mediabestedingen in Nederland. In opdracht van de ministeries van OCW en EZ. Amsterdam, Diemen: TNS Nipo, Nielsen. Retrieved from https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/binaries/rijksoverheid/documenten/rapporten/2010/05/12/onderzoek-naar-mediabestedingen-in-nederland-tns-nipo-en-nielsen/213341a.pdf
  • Noam, E. (2009). Media Ownership and Concentration in America. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Noam, E., & International Media Concentration Collaboration. (2016). Who Owns the World’s Media? Media Ownership and Concentration Around The World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Ooghe, H., Vander Blauwhede, H., & Van Wymeersch, C. (2012). Handboek financiële analyse van de onderneming: Theorie en toepassing op de jaarrekening volgens Belgian GAAP en IFRS (4th ed.). Antwerpen: Intersentia.
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2010). News in the Internet Age: New Trends in News Publishing. Paris: OECD Publishing. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264088702-en
  • Ozanich, G. W. (2006). Media Finance and Valuation. In A. B. Albarran, S. M. Chan-Olmsted, & M. O. Wirth (Eds.), Handbook of Media Management and Economics (pp. 601–621). New York, London: Routledge.
  • Park, R. E. (1923). The Natural History of the Newspaper. American Journal of Sociology, 29(3), 273–289. doi:10.1086/213596
  • Pattabhiramaiah, A., Sriram, S., & Sridhar, S. (2014). Rising Prices under Declining Preferences: The case of the U.S. Print Newspaper Industry. Unpublished manuscript.
  • Paulussen, S. (2007). CAR als middel voor primaire journalistiek. Tijdschrift Voor Communicatiewetenschap, 35(3), 219–231. doi:10.1347/tijd.35.3.219
  • Paulussen, S., & De Clercq, M. (2005). Eigen berichtgeving. Bevindingen en beperkingen van sociologische enquêtes bij journalisten. In F. Saeys & H. Verstraeten (Eds), De media in maatschappelijk perspectief (pp. 69–90). Gent: Academia Press.
  • Paulussen, S., & Raeymaeckers, K. (2010). Journalisten: Profiel van een beroepsgroep. Tielt: Lannoo.
  • Pew Research Center. (2016). State of the News Media 2016. Retrieved from http://www.journalism.org/files/2016/06/State-of-the-News-Media-Report-2016-FINAL.pdf
  • Picard, R. G. (1991). The effect of price increases on newspaper circulation: A case study of inelasticity of demand. Newspaper Research Journal, 12(3), 64–75.
  • Picard, R. G. (2001). Effects of recessions on advertising expenditures: An exploratory study of economic downturns in nine developed nations. Journal of Media Economics, 14(1), 1–14. doi:10.1207/S15327736ME1401_01
  • Picard, R. G. (2002). The Economics and Financing of Media Companies. New York: Fordham University Press.
  • Picard, R. G. (2004). The Economics of the Daily Newspaper Industry. In A. Alison, J. Owers, R. Carveth, C. A. Hollifield, & A. N. Greco (Eds.), Media Economics: Theory and Practice. 3rd. (pp. 109–125). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Picard, R. G. (2008). Shifts in newspaper advertising expenditures and their implications for the future of newspapers. Journalism Studies, 9(5), 704–716. doi:10.1080/14616700802207649
  • Picard, R. G., & Rimmer, T. (1999). Weathering a recession: Effects of size and diversification on newspaper companies. Journal of Media Economics, 14(1), 1–18. doi:10.1207/S15327736ME1401_01
  • Picard, R. G., & van Weezel, A. (2008). Capital and control: Consequences of different forms of newspaper ownership. International Journal on Media Management, 10(1), 22–31.
  • Picone, I., & Pauwels, C. (2013). Belgium: Big Changes in a Small News Economy. In P. Murschetz (Ed.), State aid for newspapers: Theories, Cases, Actions (pp. 149–162). Heidelberg: Springer.
  • Porter, M. E. (1979). How competitive forces shape strategy. Harvard Business Review, 57(2), 137–145.
  • Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive strategy: techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. New York: The Free Press.
  • Puppis, M. (2009). Media regulation in small states. International Communication Gazette, 71(1–2), 7–17. doi:10.1177/1748048508097927
  • Raeymaeckers, K., Heinderyckx, F., De Vuyst, S., Libert, M., De Maeyer, J., De Dobbelaer, R., … De Keyser, J. (2013). De Belgische journalist in 2013: een zelfportret. Gent: Academia Press.
  • Rink, D. R., & Swan, J. E. (1979). Product life cycle research: A literature review. Journal of Business Research, 7(3), 219–242. doi:10.1016/0148-2963(79)90030-4
  • Rochet, J.-C., & Tirole, J. (2002). Platform competition in two-sided markets. Journal of the European Economic Association, 1(4), 990–1029. doi:10.1162/154247603322493212
  • Romeo, C. J., & Canes, A. (2012). A theory of quality competition in newspaper joint operating agreements. Antitrust Bulletin, 57(2), 367–408. doi:10.1177/0003603X1205700206
  • Rothmann, W., & Koch, J. (2014). Creativity in strategic lock-ins: The newspaper industry and the digital revolution. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 83, 66–83. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2013.03.005
  • Russi, L., Siegert, G., Gerth, M. A., & Krebs, I. (2014). The relationship of competition and financial commitment revisited: A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis in European newspaper markets. Journal of Media Economics, 27(2), 60–78. doi:10.1080/08997764.2014.903958
  • Saeys, F. (2007). Statuut, organisatie en financiering van de openbare televisieomroep in Vlaanderen. In A. Dhoest & H. Van den Bulck (Eds.), Publieke televisie in Vlaanderen: Een geschiedenis (pp. 23–52). Gent: Academia Press.
  • Scherer, F. M., & Ross, D. (1990). Industrial market structure and economic performance (3 ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Siles, I., & Boczkowski, P. J. (2012). Making sense of the newspaper crisis: A critical assessment of existing research and an agenda for future work. New Media & Society, 14(8), 1375–1394. doi:10.1177/1461444812455148
  • Slaatta, T. (2015). Print versus digital in Norwegian newspapers. Media, Culture & Society, 37(1), 124–133. doi:10.1177/0163443714553566
  • Soloski, J. (2005). Taking Stock Redux: Corporate Ownership and Journalism of Publicly Traded Newspaper Companies. In R. G. Picard (Ed.), Corporate Governance of Media Companies (pp. 59–76). Jönköping: Jönköping International Business School.
  • Soloski, J. (2013). Collapse of the US newspaper industry: Goodwill, leverage and bankruptcy. Journalism, 14(3), 309–329. doi:10.1177/1464884912472016
  • Sutton, T. (2004). Corporate Financial Accounting and Reporting (2nd ed.). Essex: Pearson Education.
  • Tang, Y. E., Shrihari, H. S., Thorson, E., & Mantrala, M. K. (2011). The bricks that build the clicks: Newsroom investments and newspaper online performance. International Journal on Media Management, 13(2), 107–128. doi:10.1080/14241277.2011.568420
  • Thurman, W. N., & Fisher, M. E. (1988). Chickens, eggs, and causality, or which came first? American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 70, 237–238. doi:10.2307/1242062
  • Van Cayseele, P., & Vanormelingen, S. (2009). Prices and Network Effects in Two-Sided Markets: the Belgian Newspaper Industry. Working Papers Hogeschool-Universiteit Brussel, Faculteit Economie en Management (No 2009/06). Retrieved from https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/406809/1/09HRP06.pdfFeb
  • van Cuilenburg, J. (2000). On Measuring Media Competition and Media Diversity Concepts, Theories and Methods. In R. G. Picard (Ed.), Measuring Media Content, Quality, and Diversity (pp. 51–84). Turku: Media Economics, Content and Diversity Project and Media Group, Business Research and Development Centre, Turku School of Economics and Business Administration.
  • Van den Bulck, H., Tambuyzer, S., & Ackx, S. (2011). Readers’ responses to product+ strategies of print media brands: Increasing readership or commoditization of print media? International Journal of Media Management, 13, 71–85. doi:10.1080/14241277.2010.545362
  • van der Wurff, R., Bakker, P., & Picard, R. G. (2008). Economic growth and advertising expenditures in different media in different countries. Journal of Media Economics, 21(1), 28–52. doi:10.1080/08997760701806827
  • van Dreunen, D. (2016). The Netherlands. In E. Noam International Media Concentration Collaboration (Eds.), Who Owns the World’s Media? Media Ownership and Concentration Around The World (pp. 206–230). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • van Kranenburg, H. L. (2001). Economic effects of consolidations of publishers and newspapers in the Netherlands. Journal of Media Economics, 14(2), 61–76. doi:10.1207/S15327736ME1402_01
  • van Kranenburg, H. L. (2007). Strategic options for the newspaper publishing companies. In P. E. Grossmark (Ed.), Advances in Media Communications and Media Research: Volume 3 (pp. 85–97). New York: Nova Science Publishers.
  • van Kranenburg, H. L., Palm, F. C., & Pfann, G. A. (1998). Exit and survival in a concentrating industry: The case of daily newspapers in the Netherlands. Review of Industrial Organisation, 21(3), 283–303. doi:10.1023/A:1020459120444
  • Van Leuven, S., Deprez, A., & Raeymaeckers, K. (2014). Towards more balanced news access? A study on the impact of cost-cutting and Web 2.0 on the mediated public sphere. Journalism, 15(7), 850–867. doi:10.1177/1464884913501837
  • van Moorsel, M., He, Z.-L., Oltmans, E., & Huibers, T. (2012). Incumbent heterogeneity in creative destruction: a study of three Dutch newspaper organisations. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 24(10), 1051–1070. doi:10.1080/09537325.2012.723689
  • Vlaamse Regulator voor de Media. (VRM). (2014). Mediaconcentratie in Vlaanderen: Rapport 2014. Brussel: VRM. Retrieved from http://www.vrmrapporten.be/sites/default/files/pdfversions/mediaconcentratierapport_2014.pdf
  • Vlaamse Nieuwsmedia, Les Journaux Francophones Belges, & The Ppress. (2014). Naar een duurzaam economisch model voor Belgische uitgevers van kranten en magazines: inzicht in het belang van licenties. Brussel: Vlaamse Nieuwsmedia, Les Journaux Francophones Belges, & The Ppress. Retrieved from http://vjv.vlaanderen/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/RAPPORT-Inzicht-in-het-belang-van-licenties_februari-2014-Belgische-cijfers.pdf
  • Vliegenthart, R. (2014). Moving up. Applying aggregate level time series analysis in the study of media coverage. Quality & quantity, 48, 2427–2445. doi:10.1007/s11135-013-9899-0
  • Vogel, H. L. (2015). Entertainment industry economics: a guide for financial analysis (9th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • WAN-IFRA. (2014). World Press Trends 2014. Paris: WAN-IFRA.
  • Wellens, G., Neels, L., Wauters, D., & Caudron, J. (2014). Het nieuwe TV kijken: een positieve kijk op televisie in Vlaanderen: het model Vlaanderen INC. Tielt: LannooCampus.
  • Winseck, D. (2011). Financialization and the “Crisis of the Media”: The Rise and Fall of (Some) Media Conglomerates in Canada. In D. Winseck & D. Y. Jin (Eds.), The Political Economy of Media: The Transformation of the Global Media Industries (pp. 142–166). London, New York: Bloomsbury Academic.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.