436
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Assessment of urban ventilation in typical Egyptian housing layouts from four eras using a multi-directional CFD analysis

ORCID Icon
Pages 453-481 | Received 23 Aug 2023, Accepted 24 Oct 2023, Published online: 08 Dec 2023

References

  • World Bank. Inclusive Cities. Available from: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/inclusive-cities#1.
  • World Health Organization Ambient (outdoor) air pollution. Sept 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ambient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health
  • AbdelRahman MM, Moustafa WS, Farag OM. Modelling of Egyptian low-cost-housing natural ventilation: integration of geometry, orientation and street width optimization. Urban Clim. 2017;21:318–331. doi: 10.1016/j.uclim.2017.08.002
  • He B-J, Ding L, Prasad DK. Enhancing urban ventilation performance through the development of precinct ventilation zones: a case study based on the greater Sydney, Australia. Sustainable Cities Soc. 2019;47:101472. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2019.101472
  • Ying X, Wang Y, Li W, et al. Group layout pattern and outdoor wind environment of enclosed Office buildings in Hangzhou. Energies. 2020;13(2):406. doi: 10.3390/en13020406
  • Asfour OS. Prediction of wind environment in different grouping patterns of housing blocks. Energy Build. 2010;42(11):2061–2069. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.06.015
  • Elgamal NF, Impact of street design on urban ventilation in hot dry climate using envi-met, case of greater cairo region. 1st International Conference on Towards a Better Quality of Life. 2017. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3163449
  • Fahmy M, Mahmoud S, Elwy I, et al. A review and insights for eleven years of urban Microclimate research Towards a New Egyptian ERA of low carbon, comfortable and energy-efficient housing typologies. Atmosphere. 2020;11(3):236. doi: 10.3390/atmos11030236
  • Golany GS. Ethics and urban design: culture, form, and environment. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1995.
  • Jiang Y, Wu C, Teng M. Impact of residential building layouts on microclimate in a high temperature and high humidity region. Sustainability. 2020;12(3):1046. doi: 10.3390/su12031046
  • Kubota T, Miura M, Tominaga Y, et al. Wind tunnel tests on the relationship between building density and pedestrian-level wind velocity: development of guidelines for realizing acceptable wind environment in residential neighborhoods. Build Environ. 2008;43(10):1699–1708. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2007.10.015
  • Peng Y, Gao Z, Buccolieri R, et al. Urban ventilation of typical residential streets and impact of building form variation. Sustainable Cities Soc. 2021;67:102735. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.102735
  • Fahmy M, Sharples S, Passive design for urban thermal comfort: a comparison between different urban forms in Cairo, Egypt. Plea 2008: The 25th Conference on Passive & Low Energy Architecture; 22-24 October 2008; Dublin, Ireland. 2008.
  • DeKay M, Brown GZ. Sun, wind, and light: architectural design strategies. 3rd ed. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons; 2014.
  • Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture. Cairo: 1800-2000 planning for the Capital city in the context of Egypt’s history and Development. In: Evin A, editor. The expanding metropolis: coping with the urban growth of Cairo. Singapore: Concept Media/The Aga Khan Award for Architecture; 1985. pp. 91–120.
  • Stewart DJ. Changing Cairo: the political economy of urban form. Int J Urban Reg Res. 1999;23(1):128–146. doi: 10.1111/1468-2427.00182
  • Elshahed M. Workers’ and popular housing in Mid-Twentieth-Century Egypt. In: Kılınç K Gharipour M editors. Social Housing in the Middle East: architecture, Urban Development, and transnational modernity. Bloomington: Indiana University Press; 2019pp. 64–87. doi:10.2307/j.ctvd58s1c.5
  • Abu-Lughod J. Cairo: 1001 years of the city victorious. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 1971. doi: 10.2307/j.ctv7n0cmg.
  • Ahmed KG. Residents’ socio-cultural dissatisfaction in the two stages of public housing in Cairo, Egypt: what has changed in the third ‘current’ one? Urban Des Int. 2012;17(3):159–177. doi: 10.1057/udi.2012.9
  • El-Batran M, Arandel C. A shelter of their own: informal settlement expansion in Greater Cairo and government responses. Environ Urban. 1998;10(1):217–232. doi: 10.1177/095624789801000109
  • Ghannam F. Remaking the Modern: space, relocation and the Politics of Identity in a Global Cairo. Berkeley: University of California Press; 2002.
  • Ibrahim SE. Cairo: a sociological profile. In: Evin A, editor The expanding metropolis: coping with the urban growth of Cairo. Singapore: CRoncept Media/The Aga Khan Award for Architecture; 1985. pp. 25–33.
  • Sims D, Urban Slums Reports: The case of Cairo, Egypt. UNDERSTANDING SLUMS: Case Studies for the Global Report on Human Settlements 2003. 2003, London: Development Planning Unit (DPU), University College London.
  • Ahmed KG, Design for the urban poor in Egypt: satisfying user needs or achieving the aspirations of professionals? The case of the Mubarak National housing Project for Youth, in Common Ground - Proceedings of the Design Research Society International Conference, Durling D Shackleton J, editors 2002, Staffordshire University Press: London, United Kingdom. p. 50–63.
  • New urban communities authority. Achievements. Available from: http://www.newcities.gov.eg/english/aboutUs/achievments/default.aspx.
  • CCKP. Egypt - Climatology. Climate Change Knowledge Portal; Available from: https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/egypt/climate-data-historical.
  • Agrawala S, Moehner A, El Raey M, et al. Development and climate change in Egypt. Paris: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development; 2004.
  • Iowa Environmental Mesonet.Weather/Climate information. Iowa State University. [cited 2023 Jun 1]. Available from:https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/agweather/
  • Lawrie LK, Crawley DB, Development Of Global Typical Meteorological Years (TMYx). 2022: http://climate.onebuilding.org.
  • Rodrigues Marques Sakiyama N, Frick J, Bejat T, et al. Using CFD to evaluate natural ventilation through a 3D parametric modeling approach. Energies. 2021;14(8):2197. doi: 10.3390/en14082197
  • Kastner P, Dogan T. A cylindrical meshing methodology for annual urban computational fluid dynamics simulations. J Build Perform Simu L. 2020;13(1):59–68. doi: 10.1080/19401493.2019.1692906
  • Hågbo T-O, Giljarhus KET, Hjertager BH. Influence of geometry acquisition method on pedestrian wind simulations. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn. 2021;215:104665. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2021.104665
  • Dogan T, Kastner P. Streamlined CFD simulation framework to generate wind-pressure coefficients on building facades for airflow network simulations. Building Simul. 2021;14(4):1189–1200. doi: 10.1007/s12273-020-0727-x
  • Chen G, Rong L, Zhang G. Unsteady-state CFD simulations on the impacts of urban geometry on outdoor thermal comfort within idealized building arrays. Sustainable Cities Soc. 2021;74:103187. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103187
  • Natanian J, Kastner P, Dogan T, et al. From energy performative to livable Mediterranean cities: an annual outdoor thermal comfort and energy balance cross-climatic typological study. Energy Build. 2020;224:110283. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110283
  • Tominaga Y, Mochida A, Yoshie R, et al. AIJ guidelines for practical applications of CFD to pedestrian wind environment around buildings. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn. 2008;96(10–11):1749–1761. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.058
  • Kastner P, Dogan T. Towards high-Resolution annual outdoor thermal comfort Mapping in urban design. in the 16th IBPSA Conference. 2019. Rome, Italy: IBPSA. 10.26868/25222708.2019.210458
  • Launder BE, Spalding DB. The numerical computation of turbulent flows. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng. 1974;3(2):269–289. doi: 10.1016/0045-7825(74)90029-2
  • Adanta D, Fattah IMR, Muhammad NM. Comparison of standard k-epsilon and SST k-omega turbulence model for breastshot waterwheel simulation. J Mech Sci Eng. 2020;7(2):039–044. doi: 10.36706/jmse.v7i2.44
  • Kumar N, Upadhaya S, Rohilla A. Evaluation of the turbulence models for the simulation of the flow over a tsentralniy aerogidrodinamicheskey institut (TsAGI)-12% airfoil. ssrgInt J Mech Eng. 2017;4(1):18–28. doi: 10.14445/23488360/IJME-V4I1P104
  • Spalart P, Allmaras S. A one-equation turbulence model for aerodynamic flows. In 30th aerospace sciences meeting and exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; 1992. doi: 10.2514/6.1992-439
  • Kastner P, Dogan T. Eddy3D: a toolkit for decoupled outdoor thermal comfort simulations in urban areas. Build Environ. 2022;212:108639. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108639
  • Buratti C, Palladino D. Mean age of air in natural ventilated buildings: experimental evaluation and CO2 prediction by artificial neural networks. Appl Sci. 2020;10(5):1730. DOI. doi: 10.3390/app10051730
  • Hang J, Sandberg M, Li Y. Age of air and air exchange efficiency in idealized city models. Build Environ. 2009;44(8):1714–1723. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.11.013
  • Mohammadi M, Tien PW, Calautit JK. Numerical evaluation of the use of vegetation as a shelterbelt for enhancing the wind and thermal comfort in peripheral and lateral-type skygardens in highrise buildings. Building Simul. 2023;16(2):243–261. doi: 10.1007/s12273-022-0943-7
  • Janssen WD, Blocken B, van Hooff T. Pedestrian wind comfort around buildings: comparison of wind comfort criteria based on whole-flow field data for a complex case study. Build Environ. 2013;59:547–562. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.10.012
  • Blocken B, Stathopoulos T, van Beeck JPAJ. Pedestrian-level wind conditions around buildings: review of wind-tunnel and CFD techniques and their accuracy for wind comfort assessment. Build Environ. 2016;100:50–81. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.02.004
  • Li B, Luo Z, Sandberg M, et al. Revisiting the ‘venturi effect’ in passage ventilation between two non-parallel buildings. Build Environ. 2015;94:714–722. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.10.023
  • Ok V, Yasa E, Özgunler M. An experimental study of the effects of surface openings on air flow caused by wind in courtyard buildings. Archit Sci Rev. 2008;51(3):263–268. doi: 10.3763/asre.2008.5131
  • Javanroodi K, Mahdavinejad M, Nik VM. Impacts of urban morphology on reducing cooling load and increasing ventilation potential in hot-arid climate. Appl Energy. 2018;231:714–746. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.116