‘The word isn't there!’: a Foucauldian approach to power negotiation in an instructional interaction across linguistic and cultural boundaries

References

• Antaki , C. and Widdicombe , S. 1998 . Identities in talk , Edited by: Antaki , C. and Widdicombe , S. London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson, M., & Heritage, J. (Eds.). (1984). Structures of Social Action: Studies in Conversation Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Axelson , E. R. and Madden , C. 1994 . “ Discourse strategies for ITAs across instructional contexts ” . In Discourse and performance of international teaching assistants , Edited by: Madden , C. and Myers , C. 153 – 187 . Alexandria , VA : TESOL .
   Google Scholar
• Bardovi-Harlig , K. and Hartford , B. S. 1990 . Congruence in native and nonnative conversations: Status balance in the academic advising session . Language Learning , 40 : 467 – 501 . (doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1990.tb00603.x)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bardovi-Harlig , K. and Hartford , B. S. 2005 . Interlanguage pragmatics , Edited by: Bardovi-Harlig , K. and Hartford , B. S. Mahwah , NJ : LEA .
   Google Scholar
• Beebe , L. and Giles , H. 1984 . Speech-accommodation theories: A discussion in terms of second Language acquisition . International Journal of the Sociology of Language , 46 : 5 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein , B. 1971 . Class, codes and control , Vol. 1 , London : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein , B. 1973 . Class, codes and control , Vol. 2 , London : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu , P. 1991 . Language and symbolic power , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , P. and Levinson , S. 1987 . Politeness: Some universals in language usage , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cameron, R., & Williams, J. (1997). Senténce to ten cents: A case study of relevance and communication success in nonnative-native speaker interactions in a medical setting. Applied Linguistics, 18(4), 415–445.
   Google Scholar
• Cargile , A. C. and Giles , H. 1998 . Language attitudes towards varieties of English: An American-Japanese context . Journal of Applied Communication Research , 26 : 338 – 356 . (doi:10.1080/00909889809365511)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiang , S.-Y. 2009a . Interformative meanings of signs: Brand naming and globalization in China . Social Semiotics , 19 ( 3 ) : 329 – 344 . (doi:10.1080/10350330903072680)
   Google Scholar
• Chiang , S.-Y. 2009b . Personal power and positional power in a power-full ‘I’: A discourse analysis of doctoral dissertation supervision . Discourse & Communication , 3 ( 3 ) : 255 – 271 . (doi:10.1177/1750481309337199)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiang , S.-Y. 2011 . Pursuing a response in office hour interactions between US college students and international teaching assistants . Journal of Pragmatics , 43 : 3316 – 3330 . (doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2011.07.001)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cothran , D. and Ennis , C. D. 1997 . Students’ and teachers’ perceptions of conflict and power . Teaching and Teacher Education , 13 ( 5 ) : 541 – 553 . (doi:10.1016/S0742-051X(97)85542-4)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crystal , D. 1997 . English as a global language , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Davies , A. 2003 . The native speaker: Myth and reality , Tonawanda , NY : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• Davies , A. and Elder , C. 2006 . Handbook of applied linguistics , New York : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Drew , P. and Heritage , J. 1992 . Talk at work: Interaction in institutional settings , Edited by: Drew , P. and Heritage , J. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Erickson , F. and Rittenberg , W. 1987 . Topic control and person control: A thorny problem for foreign physicians in interaction with American patients . Discourse Processes , 10 ( 4 ) : 401 – 415 . (doi:10.1080/01638538709544685)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foucault , M. 1977 . Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison , New York : Vintage Books .
   Google Scholar
• Foucault , M. 1978 . The archaeology of knowledge , London : Tavistock .
   Google Scholar
• Foucault , M. 1980 . “ Two lectures ” . In Michel Foucault power/knowledge, selected interviews and other writings 1972–1977 , Edited by: Gordon , C. 78 – 108 . London : Harvester Press .
   Google Scholar
• Foucault , M. 1997 . “ The subject and power ” . In Power , Edited by: Faubion , J. D. 326 – 49 . New York : The New Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fowler , R. and Kress , G. 1979 . “ Interviews ” . In Language and control , Edited by: Fowler , R. , Hodge , B. , Kress , G. and Trew , T. 89 – 110 . London : Routledge and Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Gaies , S. J. 1982 . Native speaker-nonnative speaker interaction among academic peers . Studies in Second Language Acquisition , 5 : 74 – 81 . (doi:10.1017/S0272263100004617)
   Google Scholar
• Gass , S. M. and Varonis , E. M. 1985 . Variation in native speaker speech modification to non-native speakers . Studies in Second Language Acquisition , 7 : 37 – 58 . (doi:10.1017/S0272263100005143)
   Google Scholar
• Giles , H. and Johnson , P. 1987 . Ethnolinguistic identity theory: A social psychological approach to language maintenance . International Journal of the Sociology of Language , 68 : 69 – 99 .
   Google Scholar
• Gravois , J. 2005 . Teach impediment . The Chronicle of Higher Education , 51 ( 31 ) : A10
   Google Scholar
• Greatbatch , D. 1992 . “ On the management of disagreement between news interviewee ” . In Talk at work: Interaction in institutional settings , Edited by: Drew , P. and Heritage , J. 268 – 302 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gumperz , J. 1990 . “ The conversation analysis of interethnic communication ” . In Developing communicative competence in a second language , Edited by: Scarcella , R. C. , Andersen , E. S. and Krashen , S. D. 223 – 239 . New York : Newbury House Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Halliday , M. A. K. 1977 . Language as social semiotic , Baltimore , MD : University Park Press .
   Google Scholar
• Harder , P. 1980 . Discourse as self-expression: On the reduced personality of the second language learner . Applied Linguistics , 1 ( 3 ) : 262 – 270 . (doi:10.1093/applin/1.3.262)
   Google Scholar
• Heritage , J. and Sefi , S. 1992 . “ Dilemmas of advice: Aspects of delivery and reception of advice in interactions between health visitors and first-time mothers ” . In Talk at work: Interaction in institutional settings , Edited by: Drew , P. and Heritage , J. 359 – 418 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hoekje , B. and Williams , J. 1994 . Communicative competence and the dilemma of international teaching assistant education . TESOL Quarterly , 26 : 243 – 269 . (doi:10.2307/3587005)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• House , J. , Kasper , G. and Ross , S. 2003 . Misunderstanding in social life: Discourse approaches to problematic talk , Edited by: House , J. , Kasper , G. and Ross , S. London : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Hutchby , I. 1996 . Power in discourse: The case of arguments on a British talk radio show . Discourse & Society , 7 ( 4 ) : 481 – 497 . (doi:10.1177/0957926596007004003)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itakura , H. 2001 . Describing conversational dominance . Journal of Pragmatics , 33 : 1859 – 1880 . (doi:10.1016/S0378-2166(00)00082-5)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koshik , I. 2005 . Beyond rhetorical questions: Assertive questions in everyday interaction , Amsterdam : John Benjamins .
   Google Scholar
• Kramsch , C. 1997 . The privilege of the nonnative speaker . PMLA , 112 ( 3 ) : 359 – 369 .
   Google Scholar
• Kramsch , C. 1999 . “ Global and local identities in the contract zone ” . In Teaching and learning English as a global language , Edited by: Gnutzmann , C. 131 – 143 . Tűbingen : Stauffenberg-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Long , M. 1981 . Linguistic and conversational adjustments to nonnative speakers . Studies in Second Language Acquisition , 5 : 177 – 193 . (doi:10.1017/S0272263100004848)
   Google Scholar
• Musumeci , D. 1996 . Teacher-learner negotiation in content-based instruction: Communication at cross-purposes? . Applied Linguistics , 17 : 286 – 325 . (doi:10.1093/applin/17.3.286)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers , C. 1994 . “ Question-based discourse in science labs: Issues for ITAs ” . In Discourse and performance of international teaching assistants , Edited by: Madden , C. and Myers , C. 83 – 103 . Alexandria , VA : TESOL .
   Google Scholar
• Park , J. E. 2007 . Co-construction of nonnative speaker identity in cross-cultural interaction . Applied Linguistics , 28 ( 3 ) : 339 – 360 . (doi:10.1093/applin/amm001)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pica , T. 1988 . Interlanguage adjustments as an outcome of NS–NNS interaction . Language Learning , 38 : 45 – 73 . (doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1988.tb00401.x)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickering , L. 2004 . The structure and function of intonational paragraphs in native and nonnative speaker instructional discourse . English for Specific Purposes , 23 ( 1 ) : 19 – 43 . (doi:10.1016/S0889-4906(03)00020-6)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piller , I. 2002 . Passing for a native speaker: Identity and success in second language learning . Journal of Sociolinguistics , 6 ( 2 ) : 179 – 206 . (doi:10.1111/1467-9481.00184)
   Google Scholar
• Pomerantz, A. (1984). Agreeing and disagreeing with assessment: Some features of preferred/dispreferred turn shapes. In J. M. Atkinson & J. Heritage (Eds.), Structure of social action: Studies in conversation analysis (pp. 57–101). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Power, C. (2005, March 7). Not the Queen's English. Newsweek, pp. 47–59.
   Google Scholar
• Reinhardt , J. 2010 . Directives in office hour consultations: A corpus-informed investigation of learner and expert usage . English for Specific Purposes , 29 ( 2 ) : 94 – 107 . (doi:10.1016/j.esp.2009.09.003)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin , D. 1991 . Effects of accented speech and culture-typical compliance-gaining style on subordinates’ impressions of managers . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 15 : 267 – 283 . (doi:10.1016/0147-1767(91)90002-X)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin , D. and Smith , K. A. 1990 . Effect of accent, ethnicity, and lecture topic on undergraduates’ perceptions of nonnative English speaking teaching assistants . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 14 ( 3 ) : 337 – 353 . (doi:10.1016/0147-1767(90)90019-S)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders , R. E. 1991 . “ The two-way relationship between talk in social interaction and actors’ goals and plans ” . In Understanding face-to-face interaction: Issues linking goals and discourse , Edited by: Tracy , K. 167 – 88 . Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Scarcella , R. C. 1983 . “ Discourse accent in second language performance ” . In Language transfer in language learning , Edited by: Gass , S. and Selinker , L. 306 – 329 . Rowley , MA : Newbury House .
   Google Scholar
• Schiffrin , D. 1987 . Discourse markers , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Scollon , R. and Wong-Scollon , S. 1991 . Topic confusion in English-Asian discourse . World Englishes , 10 ( 2 ) : 113 – 125 . (doi:10.1111/j.1467-971X.1991.tb00145.x)
   Google Scholar
• Selinker , L. and Douglas , D. 1985 . Wrestling with ‘context in interlanguage theory . Applied Linguistics , 6 : 190 – 207 . (doi:10.1093/applin/6.2.190)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw , P. A. and Bailey , K. M. 1990 . “ Cultural differences in academic settings ” . In Developing communicative competence in a second language , Edited by: Scarcella , R. C. , Andersen , E. S. and Krashen , S. D. 317 – 329 . New York : Newbury House .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , J. 1984 . Cross-cultural discourse as unequal encounter: Towards a pragmatics analysis . Applied Linguistics , 5 ( 3 ) : 226 – 235 . (doi:10.1093/applin/5.3.226)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , J. 1985 . The language of power: Towards a dynamic pragmatics . Journal of Pragmatics , 9 : 765 – 783 . (doi:10.1016/0378-2166(85)90003-7)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thonus , T. 1999 . Dominance in academic writing tutorials: Gender, language proficiency, and the offering of suggestions . Discourse & Society , 10 : 225 – 248 . (doi:10.1177/0957926599010002005)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thonus , T. 2002 . Tutor and student assessments of academic writing tutorials: What is success? . Assessing Writing , 8 : 110 – 134 . (doi:10.1016/S1075-2935(03)00002-3)
   Google Scholar
• Thonus , T. 2004 . ‘What are the differences? Tutor interactions with first and second language writers . Journal of Second Language Writing , 13 : 227 – 242 . (doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2004.04.012)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler , A. 1995 . The co-construction of cross-cultural miscommunication . Studies in Second Language Acquisition , 17 : 129 – 152 . (doi:10.1017/S0272263100014133)
   Google Scholar
• Van Dijk , T. A. 1996 . “ Discourse, power and access ” . In Texts and practices: Readings in critical discourse analysis , Edited by: Caldas-Coulthard , C. R. and Coulthard , M. 84 – 104 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Van Dijk , T. A. 2006 . Discourse and manipulation . Discourse & Society , 17 ( 3 ) : 359 – 383 . (doi:10.1177/0957926506060250)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waring , H. Z. 2005 . Peer tutoring in a graduate writing center: Identity, expertise, and advice resisting . Applied Linguistics , 26 ( 2 ) : 141 – 168 . (doi:10.1093/applin/amh041)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson , S. and Kitzinger , C. 2006 . Surprise as an interactional achievement: Reaction tokens in conversation . Social Psychology Quarterly , 69 ( 2 ) : 150 – 182 . (doi:10.1177/019027250606900203)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woken , M. and Swales , J. 1989 . “ Expertise and authority in native-nonnative conversation: The need for a variable account ” . In Variation in second language acquisition (Vol.1): Discourse and pragmatics , Edited by: Gass , S. , Madden , C. , Preston , D. and Selinker , L. 211 – 228 . Philadelphia , PA : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• Wong , J. 2000 . The token ‘Yeah’ in nonnative speaker English conversation . Research on Language and Social Interaction , 33 ( 1 ) : 39 – 67 . (doi:10.1207/S15327973RLSI3301_2)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuengler , J. and Bent , B. 1991 . Relative knowledge of content domain: An influence on native-nonnative conversation . Applied Linguistics , 12 : 397 – 415 . (doi:10.1093/applin/12.4.397)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar