Heteronormativity meets queering in physical education: the views of PE teachers and LGBTIQ+ students

References

• Act on Equality between Women and Men 609/1986; amendments up to 915/2016. Accessed 31 January 2019. https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/1986/en19860609.
   Google Scholar
• Alanko, K. 2014. Mitä kuuluu sateenkaarinuorille Suomessa? Nuorisotutkimusverkosto / Nuorisotutkimusseura, julkaisuja 146, verkkojulkaisuja 72 & Seta-julkaisuja 23.
   Google Scholar
• Annamma, S. A., D. D. Jackson, and D. Morrison. 2017. “Conceptualizing Color-evasiveness: Using Dis/ability Critical Race Theory to Expand a Color-blind Racial Ideology in Education and Society.” Race Ethnicity and Education 20 (2): 147–162.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayvazo, S., and S. Sutherland. 2009. “Uncovering the Secrets: Homophobia in Physical Education.” Action in Teacher Education 31 (3): 56–68.
   Google Scholar
• Berg, P. 2010. Ryhmïrajoja ja hierarkioita: etnografinen tutkimus peruskoulun ylïasteen liikunnanopetuksesta. Sosiaalipsykologisia tutkimuksia 22. Yliopistopaino.
   Google Scholar
• Berg, P., and M. Kokkonen. 2020. “‘Ei tehdä mitään numeroo’. Heteronormatiivisuus ja sukupuolen moninaisuus liikunnanopettajien puhetavoissa seksuaali- ja sukupuolivähemmistöihin kuuluvista oppilaista.” Kasvatus 51 (3): 343–355.
   Google Scholar
• Berg, P., and E. Lahelma. 2010. “The Gendering Processes in the Field of Physical Education.” Gender and Education 22 (1): 31–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. 1984. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. 1986. “The Forms of Capital.” In Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, edited by J. Richardson, 241–258. New York: Greenwood Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. 1990. The Logic of Practice. Cambridge: Polity.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P., and L. Wacquant. 1992. An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2006. “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77–101.
   Google Scholar
• Butler, J. 1990. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Calzo, J. P., A. L. Roberts, H. L. Corliss, E. A. Blood, E. Kroshus, and S. B. Austin. 2014. “Physical Activity Disparities in Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Youth Ages 12–22 Years old: Roles of Childhood Gender Nonconformity and Athletic Self-esteem.” Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine 47 (1): 17–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro-Atwater, S. A. 2016. “Color-blind Racial Ideology in K-12 Schools.” In The Myth of Racial Color Blindness: Manifestations, Dynamics, and Impact, edited by H. A. Neville, M. E. Gallardo, and D. W. Sue, 207–225. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Clarke, G. 2012. “Challenging Heterosexism, Homophobia and Transphobia in Physical Education.” In Equity and Inclusion in Physical Education and Sport, edited by G. Stidder, and H. Hayes, 107–121. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Coll, L., E. Enright, and M. O’Sullivan. 2014. “The Dangers of a Single Story: Heteronormativity in Physical Education.” In Sociocultural Issues in Physical Education: Case Studies for Teachers, edited by S. B. Flory, A. Tischler, and S. Sanders, 101–114. New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Coll, L., D. Ollis, and B. O’Keeffe. 2020. “Rebel Becomings: Queer(y)ing School Spaces with Young People.” In Schools as Queer Transformative Spaces: Global Narratives on Sexualities and Gender, edited by J. I. Kjaran, and H. Sauntson, 54–69. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Devís-Devís, J., S. Pereira-García, J. Fuentes-Miguel, E. López-Cañada, and V. Pérez-Samaniego. 2018a. “Opening Up to Trans Persons in Physical Education–Sport Tertiary Education: Two Case Studies of Recognition in Queer Pedagogy.” Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 23 (6): 623–635.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devís-Devís, J., S. Pereira-García, E. López-Cañada, V. Pérez-Samaniego, and J. Fuentes-Miguel. 2018b. “Looking Back into Trans Persons’ Experiences in Heteronormative Secondary Physical Education Contexts.” Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 23 (1): 103–116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzpatrick, K., and H. McGlashan. 2016. “Rethinking ‘Straight Pedagogy’: Gender, Sexuality and Physical Education.” In Social Justice in Physical Education: Critical Reflections and Pedagogies for Change, edited by D. B. Robinson and L. Randall, 102–121. Toronto: Canadian Scholar Press Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Gato, J., D. Leal, C. Moleiro, T. Fernandes, D. Nunes, I. Marinho, O. Pizmony-Levy, and C. Freeman. 2020. “‘The Worst Part Was Coming Back Home and Feeling Like Crying’: Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Trans Students in Portuguese Schools.” Frontiers in Psychology 10 (article 2936): 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Gill, D. L., R. G. Morrow, K. E. Collins, A. B. Lucey, and A. M. Schultz. 2010. “Perceived Climate in Physical Activity Settings.” Journal of Homosexuality 57 (7): 895–913.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GLSEN. 2013. The Experiences of LGBT Students in School Athletics (Research Brief). New York: GLSEN.
   Google Scholar
• Green, E. R. 2006. “Debating Trans Inclusion in the Feminist Movement: A Trans-positive Analysis.” Journal of Lesbian Studies 10 (1/2): 231–248.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greenspan, S. B., C. Griffith, and E. F. Murtagh. 2017. “LGBTQ Youths’ School Athletic Experiences: A 40-year Content Analysis in Nine Flagship Journals.” Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling 11 (3): 190–200.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jachyra, P. 2016. “Boys, Bodies, and Bullying in Health and Physical Education Class: Implications for Participation and Well-being.” Asia-Pacific Journal of Health, Sport and Physical Education 7 (2): 121–138.
   Google Scholar
• Johansson, N., P. Heikinaro-Johansson, and S. Palomäki. 2011. “Kohtaavatko peruskoulun opetussuunnitelman tavoitteet ja oppilaiden kiinnostus liikunnanopetuksessa.” In Taito- ja taideaineiden oppimistulokset-asiantuntijoiden arviointia, edited by S. Laitinen, and A. Hilmola, 247–248. Opetushallitus: Raportit ja selvitykset 11.
   Google Scholar
• Kokkonen, M. 2014. “Discrimination of Sexual and Gender Minorities in Sports and Exercise.” Publications of the National Sports Council 2014: 1.
   Google Scholar
• Kokkonen, M. 2015. “Sukupuoli ja seksuaalinen suuntautuneisuus koululiikunnan kompastuskivinä: kuvaileva kirjallisuuskatsaus.” Kasvatus 46 (5): 460–472.
   Google Scholar
• Kosciw, J. G., E. A. Greytak, A. D. Zongrone, C. M. Clark, and N. L. Truong. 2018. The 2017 National School Climate Survey: The Experiences of Lesbian, gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Youth in our Nation’s Schools. New York: GLSEN. Accessed 5 February 2020. https://www.glsen.org/sites/default/files/2019-10/GLSEN-2017-National-School-Climate-Survey-NSCS-Full-Report.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Landi, D. 2019. “LGBTQ Youth, Physical Education, and Sexuality Education: Affect, Curriculum, and (New) Materialism.” PhD. The University of Auckland. https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/handle/2292/47621.
   Google Scholar
• Landi, D., S. B. Flory, C. Safron, and R. Marttinen. 2020. “LGBTQ Research in Physical Education: A Rising Tide?” Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 25 (3): 259–273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsson, H., B. Fagrell, and K. Redelius. 2009. “Queering Physical Education. Between Benevolence Towards Girls and a Tribute to Masculinity.” Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 14 (1): 1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Larsson, H., M. Quennerstedt, and M. Öhman. 2014. “Heterotopias in Physical Education: Towards a Queer Pedagogy?” Gender and Education 26 (2): 135–150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsson, H., K. Redelius, and B. Fagrell. 2011. “Moving (in) the Heterosexual Matrix. On Heteronormativity in Secondary School Physical Education.” Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 16 (1): 67–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehtonen, J. 2003. Seksuaalisuus ja sukupuoli koulussa. Näkökulmana heteronormatiivusuus ja ei-heteroseksuaalisten nuorten kokemukset. Helsinki: Yliopistopaino & Nuorisotutkimusverkosto.
   Google Scholar
• Lehtonen, J. 2012. “Opettajien käsityksiä seksuaalisuuden kirjosta.” Nuorisotutkimus 30 (2): 21–32.
   Google Scholar
• Lehtonen, J. 2018. “Ei-heteroseksuaalisten poikien ja transnuorten kokemukset ja valinnat koulutuksessa.” In Poikatutkimus, edited by A. Kivijärvi, T. Huuki, and H. Lunabba, 121–145. Tampere: Vastapaino.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, A. 2001. “There is No ‘Race’ in the Schoolyard: Color-blind Ideology in an (Almost) All-white School.” American Educational Research Journal 38 (4): 781–811.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• lisahunter. 2019. “What a Queer Space is HPE, or is it yet? Queer Theory, Sexualities and Pedagogy.” Sport, Education and Society 24 (1): 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNay, L. 1999. “Gender, Habitus and the Field. Pierre Bourdieu and the Limits of Reflexivity.” Theory, Culture & Society 16 (1): 95–117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrow, R. G., and D. L. Gill. 2003. “Perceptions of Homophobia and Heterosexism in Physical Education.” Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 74 (2): 205–214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Core Curriculum for Basic Education. 2014. Finnish National Board for Education. Publications 2016:5. Helsinki: Finnish National Board for Education.
   Google Scholar
• Non-discrimination Act 1325/2014. Accessed 31 January 2019. https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/2014/en20141325.
   Google Scholar
• Olshan, J., T. Eimicke, and E. Belfort. 2016. “Gender Incongruity in Children With and Without Disorders of Sexual Differentiation.” Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 45 (2): 463–482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palomäki, S., and P. Heikinaro-Johansson. 2010. Liikunnan oppimistulosten seuranta-arviointi perusopetuksessa 2010. Opetushallitus: Koulutuksen seurantaraportit 2011, 4.
   Google Scholar
• Pérez-Samaniego, V., J. Fuentes-Miguel, S. Pereira-García, and J. Devís-Devís. 2016. “Abjection and Alterity in the Imagining of Transgender in Physical Education and Sport: A Pedagogical Approach in Higher Education.” Sport, Education and Society 21 (7): 985–1002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piedra, J., G. Ramírez-Macías, F. Ries, A. Rembrandt Rodríguez-Sánchez, and C. Phipps. 2016. “Homophobia and Heterosexism: Spanish Physical Education Teachers’ Perceptions.” Sport in Society 19 (8–9): 1156–1170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quay, J., J. Kokkonen, and M. Kokkonen. 2016. “Finnish Interpretations of Creative Physical Education.” Asia-Pacific Journal of Health, Sport and Physical Education 7 (2): 173–190.
   Google Scholar
• Reay, D. 2004. “‘It’s All Becoming a Habitus’: Beyond the Habitual use of Habitus in Educational Research.” British Journal of Sociology of Education 25 (4): 431–444.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, B. A. 2016. “Heteronormativity and Homonormativity.” In Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118663219.wbegss013.
   Google Scholar
• Skeggs, B. 1997. Formations of Glass and Gender: Becoming Respectable. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Skeggs, B. 2004. Class, Self, Culture. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Suurpää, L. 2005. “Suvaitsevaisuus. Sietämistä vai solidaarisuutta?” In Suomalainen vieraskirja. Kuinka käsitellä monikulttuurisuutta, edited by A. Rastas, L. Huttunen, and O. Löytty, 41–68. Tampere: Vastapaino.
   Google Scholar
• Swartz, D. L. 2016. “Bourdieu’s Concept of Field.” Oxford Bibliographies Online. Accessed 9 December 2020. https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199756384/obo-9780199756384-0164.xml.
   Google Scholar
• Sykes, H. 2004. “Pedagogies of Censorship, Injury, and Masochism: Teacher Responses to Homophobic Speech in Physical Education.” Journal of Curriculum Studies 36 (1): 75–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taavetti, R. 2015. ‘Olis siistiä, jos ei tarttis määritellä … ’. Kuriton ja tavallinen sateenkaarinuoruus. Helsinki: Nuorisotutkimusseura/Nuorisotutkimusverkosto, verkkojulkaisuja 81. Hybridit & Seta, Seta-julkaisuja 24.
   Google Scholar
• Tompkins, A. 2014. “Asterisk.” TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 1 (1–2): 26–27.
   Google Scholar
• Walters, S. D. 2014. The Tolerance Trap: How God, Genes, and Good Intentions are Sabotaging gay Equality. New York: NYU Press.
   Google Scholar
• Warner, M. 1991. “Introduction: Fear of a Queer Planet. Duke University Press.” Social Text 29: 3–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/466295.
   Google Scholar
• Warwick, I., P. Aggleton, and N. Douglas. 2001. “Playing it Safe: Addressing the Emotional and Physical Health of Lesbian and gay Pupils in the U.K.” Journal of Adolescence 24: 129–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whittle, S. 2006. “Foreword.” In The Transgender Studies Reader, edited by S. Stryker and S. Whittle. xi–xv. New York & London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Yli-Piipari, S. 2014. “Physical Education Curriculum Reform in Finland.” Quest (Grand Rapids, Mich) 66 (4): 468–484.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar