490
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Human Capital Externalities in Western Germany

Pages 139-165 | Received 01 Nov 2009, Accepted 01 Oct 2010, Published online: 13 Apr 2011

References

  • Acemoglu , D. 1996 . A micro-foundation for social increasing returns in human capital accumulation . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 111 : 779 – 804 .
  • Acemoglu , D. 1998 . Why do new technologies complement skills? Directed technical change and wage inequality . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 113 : 1055 – 1090 .
  • Acemoglu , D. and Angrist , J. 2000 . “ How large are human capital externalities? Evidence from compulsory schooling laws ” . In NBER Macroeconomics Annuals , Edited by: Bernanke , B. and Rogoff , K. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
  • Angrist , J. and Krueger , A. B. 2001 . Instrumental variables and the search for identification: from supply and demand to natural experiments . Journal of Economic Perspectives , 15 : 69 – 85 .
  • Arrow , K. 1962 . The economic implications of learning by doing . The Review of Economic Studies , 29 : 155 – 173 .
  • Baltagi , B. H. , Blien , U. and Wolf , K. 2009 . New evidence on the dynamic wage curve for Western Germany: 1980–2004 . Labour Economics , 16 : 47 – 51 .
  • Baum , C. F. , Schaffer , M. E. and Stillmann , S. 2003 . Instrumental variables and GMM: estimation and testing . The Stata Journal , 3 : 1 – 31 .
  • Beck , M. and Fitzenberger , B. 2004 . Changes in union membership over time: a panel analysis for West Germany . Labour , 18 : 329 – 362 .
  • Blanchflower , D. G. and Oswald , A. J. 1990 . The wage curve . Scandinavian Journal of Economics , 92 : 215 – 235 .
  • Blien , U. 2003 . Die Lohnkurve—Auswirkungen der regionalen Arbeitslosigkeit auf das Lohnniveau . Mitteilungen aus der Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung , 4 : 439 – 460 .
  • Brücker , H. Jahn , E. J. 2008 Migration and the Wage Curve: A New Approach to Measure the Wage and Employment Effects of Migration , IZA Discussion Paper No. 3423, Bonn, IZA .
  • Büttner , T. Rässler , S. 2008 Multiple Imputation of Right-Censored Wages in the German IAB Employment Sample Considering Heteroscedasticity , IAB Discussion Paper 44/2008, Nuremberg .
  • Carroll , R. 2004 . Nonlinear and nonparametric regression and instrumental variables . Journal of the American Statistical Association , 99 : 736 – 750 .
  • Ciccone , A. and Peri , G. 2006 . Identifying human-capital externalities: theory with applications . Review of Economic Studies , 73 : 381 – 412 .
  • Combes , P.-P. 2010 . “ Estimating agglomeration economies with history, geology, and worker effects ” . In Agglomeration Economics , Edited by: Glaeser , E. Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
  • Drews , N. 2006 Qualitätsverbesserung der Bildungsvariable in der IAB-Beschäftigtenstichprobe 1975–2001 , FDZ Methodenreport No. 5, Nuremberg, Federal Employment Agency .
  • Drews , N. 2007 Variablen der schwach anonymisierten Version der IAB-Beschäftigtenstichprobe 1975–2004 , FDZ Datenreport 3/2007, Nuremberg, Federal Employment Agency .
  • DuMond , J. M. , Hirsch , B. and MacPherson , D. A. 1999 . Wage differentials across labor markets and workers: does cost of living matter? . Economic Inquiry , 37 : 577 – 598 .
  • Duranton , G. 2006 . “ Human capital externalities in cities: identification and policy issues ” . In A Companion to Urban Economics , Edited by: Arnott , R. J. and MacMillan , D. P. Blackwell : Oxford .
  • Duranton , G. and Monastiriotis , V. 2002 . Mind the gaps: the evolution of regional earnings in the UK, 1982–1997 . Journal of Regional Science , 42 : 219 – 256 .
  • Felbermayr , G. , Geis , W. Kohler , W. 2008 Restrictive Immigration Policy in Germany: Pains and Gains Foregone? , CESIFO Working Paper No. 2316, Munich, CESIFO .
  • Fitzenberger , B. , Osikominu , A. and Völter , R. 2006 . Imputation rules to improve the education variable in the IAB employment subsample . Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften , 126 : 405 – 436 .
  • Florida , R. 2002 . The Rise of the Creative Class , New York : Basic Books .
  • Freisl , J. 1994 . Die berufliche und räumliche Mobilität auf dem Arbeitsmarkt: Eine vergleichende Studie über die Europäische Union und die USA , Munich : Tuduv-Verlagsgesellschaft .
  • Gartner , H. 2005 The Imputation of Wages above the Contribution Limit with the German IAB Employment Sample , FDZ Methodenreport 2, Nuremberg, Federal Employment Agency .
  • Haas , A. 2002 Regionale Mobilität am Arbeitsmarkt: Wohin nach der Berufsausbildung? Die Ost/West-Mobilität von jungen Fachkräften , IAB Kurzbericht 07/2002, Nuremberg, Federal Employment Agency .
  • Haas , A. and Möller , J. 2001 . Qualifizierungstrends und regionale Disparitäten . Mitteilungen aus der Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung , 34 : 139 – 151 .
  • Hackl , F. , Halla , M. and Pruckner , G. 2007 . Local compensation payments for agri-environmental externalities: a panel data analysis of bargaining outcomes . European Review of Agricultural Economics , 34 : 295 – 320 .
  • Haisken-DeNew , J. P. and Schmidt , C. M. 1997 . Interindustry and interregional differentials: mechanics and interpretation . The Review of Economics and Statistics , 79 : 516 – 521 .
  • Haisken-DeNew , J. P. and Schwarze , J. 1997 . Regionale Lohndisparitäten in Deutschland 1984–1994—Eine Analyse mit regionalisierten Daten des Sozio-Oekonomischen Panels . Informationen zur Raumentwicklung , 1 ( 2 ) : 51 – 61 .
  • et al. 2004 Die IAB-Regionalstichprobe 1975–2001: IABS-R01 , ZA-Information 55/2004, Nuremberg, Federal Employment Agency .
  • Hausman , J. A. 1978 . Specification tests in econometrics . Econometrica , 46 : 1251 – 1271 .
  • Heuermann , D. F. 2009a Career Networks and Job Matching—Evidence on the Microeconomic Foundations of Human Capital Externalities , IAAEG Discussion Paper 01/2009, University of Trier .
  • Heuermann , D. F. 2009b . Four essays on human capital externalities , mimeo : University of Trier .
  • Hillmert , S. 2004 Regional mobility in early adulthood: the impact of qualifications , Paper prepared for the Annual Meeting of the European Research Network on Transition in Youth, Nuremberg .
  • Hoxby , C. M. 2000 . Does competition among public schools benefit taxpayers? . American Economic Review , 90 : 1209 – 1238 .
  • Jovanovic , B. and Rob , R. 1989 . The growth and diffusion of knowledge . Review of Economic Studies , 56 : 569 – 582 .
  • Katz , L. F. and Murphy , K. M. 1992 . Changes in relative wages, 1963–87: supply and demand factors . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 107 : 35 – 78 .
  • Kelejian , H. H. 1971 . Two-stage least squares and econometric systems linear in parameters but nonlinear in the endogenous variable . Journal of the American Statistical Association , 66 : 373 – 374 .
  • Kirby , S. and Riley , R. 2008 . Estimating the external returns to human capital: evidence using repeated cross-sections . Labour Economics , 15 : 619 – 630 .
  • Kosfeld , R. , Eckey , H.-F. and Lauridsen , J. 2008 . Disparities in prices and income across German NUTS 3 regions . Applied Economics Quarterly , 54 : 123 – 141 .
  • Krueger , A. B. and Lindahl , M. 1999 . Education for growth in Sweden and the World . Swedish Economic Policy Review , 6 : 289 – 239 .
  • Lehmer , F. and Möller , J. 2009 . Interrelations between the urban wage premium and firm-size wage differentials: a micro data cohort analysis for Germany . Annals of Regional Science , 41 : 31 – 50 .
  • Lucas , R. E. 1988 . On the mechanics of economic development . Journal of Monetary Economics , 22 : 3 – 42 .
  • Mayer , G. 2004 Union Membership Trends in the United States , CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Services .
  • Marshall , A. 1890 . Principles of Economics , London : MacMillan .
  • Meager , N. 2009 . The role of training and skills development in active labor market policies . International Journal of Training and Development , 13 : 1 – 18 .
  • Möller , J. and Haas , A. 2003 . “ The agglomeration differential reconsidered: an investigation with German micro data 1984–1997 ” . In Innovation Clusters and Interregional Competition , Edited by: Bröcker , J. , Dohse , D. and Soltwedel , R. Berlin : Springer .
  • Monastiriotis , V. 2002 . Human capital and wages: evidence for external effects from the UK regions . Applied Economics Letters , 9 : 843 – 846 .
  • Moretti , E. 2004a . “ Human capital externalities in cities ” . In Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics Vol. 4:Cities and Geography , Edited by: Henderson , J. V. and Thisse , J.-F. Amsterdam, Elsevier–North Holland .
  • Moretti , E. 2004b . Estimating the social return to higher education: evidence from longitudinal and repeated cross-sectional data . Journal of Econometrics , 121 : 175 – 212 .
  • Moulton , B. R. 1990 . An illustration of a pitfall in estimating the effects of aggregate variables on micro units . The Review of Economics and Statistics , 72 : 334 – 338 .
  • Newey , W. K. 1990 . Efficient instrumental variables estimation of nonlinear models . Econometrica , 58 : 809 – 837 .
  • Newey , W. K. and West , K. D. 1987 . A simple, positive semi-definite, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation consistent covariance matrix . Econometrica , 55 : 703 – 708 .
  • Rauch , J. E. 1993 . Productivity gains from geographic concentration of human capital: evidence from the cities . Journal of Urban Economics , 34 : 380 – 400 .
  • Rogers , W. 1993 . sg17: Regression standard errors in clustered samples . Stata Technical Bulletin , 13 : 19 – 23 .
  • Roos , M. 2005 . How important is geography for agglomeration . Journal of Economic Geography , 5 : 605 – 622 .
  • Roos , M. 2006 . Regional price levels in Germany . Applied Economics , 38 : 1553 – 1566 .
  • Rosenthal , S. S. and Strange , W. C. 2008 . The attenuation of human capital spillovers . Journal of Urban Economics , 64 : 373 – 389 .
  • Schultz , T. P. 1988 . “ Education, investment, and returns ” . In Handbook of Development Economics Vol. 1 , Edited by: Chenery , H. and Srinivasan , T. N. Amsterdam : North-Holland .
  • Stoops , N. 2004 . Educational Attainment in the US, Annual Social and Economic Supplement , Department of Commerce, US Census Bureau .
  • Südekum , J. 2008 . Convergence of the skill composition across German regions . Regional Science and Urban Economics , 38 : 148 – 159 .
  • Wheeler , C. H. 2007 . Do localization economies derive from human capital externalities? . Annals of Regional Science , 41 : 31 – 50 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.