Seaport adaptation to climate change-related disasters: terminal operator market structure and inter- and intra-port coopetition

REFERENCES

• Balliauw, M., Kort, P., & Zhang, A. (2019). Capacity investment decisions of two competing ports under uncertainty: A strategic real options approach. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 122, 249–264. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2019.01.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basso, L. J., & Zhang, A. (2007). Congestible facility rivalry in vertical structures. Journal of Urban Economics, 61(2), 218–237. doi:10.1016/j.jue.2006.10.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, A., Inoue, S., Fischer, M., & Schwegler, B. (2012). Climate change impacts on international seaports: Knowledge, perceptions, and planning efforts among port administrators. Climatic Change, 110(1), 5–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, A., Inoue, S., Fischer, M., & Schwegler, B. (2012). Climate change impacts on international seaports: Knowledge, perceptions, and planning efforts among port administrators. Climatic Change, 110(1), 5–29. doi: 10.1007/s10584-011-0043-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, H. C., & Liu, S. M. (2014). Optimal concession contracts for landlord port authorities to maximise fee revenues. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 6(1), 26–45. doi: 10.1504/IJSTL.2014.057810
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cullinane, K., Song, D. W., & Gray, R. (2002). A stochastic frontier model of the efficiency of major container terminals in Asia: Assessing the influence of administrative and ownership structures. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 36(8), 743–762. doi: 10.1016/S0965-8564(01)00035-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esteban, M., Webersick, C., & Shibayama, T. (2009). Estimation of the economic costs of non adapting Japanese port infrastructure to a potential increase in tropical cyclone intensity. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 6. IOP Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Friedt, F. (2019). Natural disasters, aggregate trade resilience and local disruptions: Evidence from Hurricane Katrina, Working paper, Department of Economics, Macalester College, Saint Paul, MN.
   Google Scholar
• Fu, X., Homsombat, W., & Oum, T. H. (2011). Airport–airline vertical relationships, their effects and regulatory policy implications. Journal of Air Transport Management, 17(6), 347–353. doi: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2011.02.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu, X., & Zhang, A. (2010). Effects of airport concession revenue sharing on airline competition and social welfare. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 44(2), 119–138.
   Google Scholar
• IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). (2013). Climate change 2013: The physical science basis (summary for policymakers). Working Group I contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, Geneva.
   Google Scholar
• Kaselimi, E. N., Notteboom, T. E., & De Borger, B. (2011). A game theoretical approach to competition between multi-user terminals: The impact of dedicated terminals. Maritime Policy & Management, 38(4), 395–414. doi: 10.1080/03088839.2011.588260
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavirathna, C. A., Kawasaki, T., & Hanaoka, S. (2019). Intra-port coopetition under different combinations of terminal ownership. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 128, 132–148. doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2019.06.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keohane, R. O., & Victor, D. G. (2010). The regime complex for climate change. Discussion Paper, The Harvard Project on International Climate Agreements, Cambridge, MA, 2010-33.
   Google Scholar
• Lam, J. S., & Yap, W. Y. (2006). A measurement and comparison of cost competitiveness of container ports in Southeast Asia. Transportation, 33(6), 641–654. doi: 10.1007/s11116-006-7474-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Z. (1992). Ownership and productive efficiency: With reference to British ports (Ph.D. thesis). Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, S. M., Chen, H. C., Han, W., & Lin, Y. H. (2018). Optimal concession contracts for landlord port authorities to maximize fee revenues with minimal throughput requirements. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 109, 239–260. doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2017.08.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, N., Gong, Z., & Xiao, X. (2018). Disaster prevention and strategic investment for multiple ports in a region: Cooperation or not. Maritime Policy & Management, 45(5), 585–603. doi: 10.1080/03088839.2018.1454991
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Min, S., Zwiers, F., Zhang, X., & Hegerl, G. (2011). Human contribution to more-intense precipitation extremes. Nature, 470, 378–381. doi: 10.1038/nature09763
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mun, S., & Imai, Y. (2019). Emergence of global terminal operator and its welfare effects. Paper presented at ITEA conference, 2019, Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Ng, A. K., Becker, A., Cahoon, S., Chen, S. L., Earl, P., & Yang, Z. (2016). Time to act: The criticality of ports in adapting to the impacts posed by climate change. Climate Change and Adaptation Planning for Ports. Routledge, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Nicholls, R. J., Hanson, S., Herweijer, C., Patmore, N., Hallegatte, S., Corfee-Morlot, J., … Muir-Wood, R. (2008). Ranking port cities with high exposure and vulnerability to climate extremes: Exposure estimates. OECD Environment Working Paper No. 1, Paris. Retrieved from https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/ranking-port-cities-with-high-exposure-and-vulnerability-to-climate-extremes_011766488208
   Google Scholar
• Notteboom, T. (2006). Concession agreements as port governance tools. Research in Transportation Economics, 17, 437–455. doi: 10.1016/S0739-8859(06)17019-5
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2016). Adapting transport to climate change and extreme weather: Implications for infrastructure owners and network managers. Discussion Report of International Transport Forum, OECD: Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Randrianarisoa, L., Wang, K., & Zhang, A. (2020). Insights from recent economic modeling on port adaptation to climate change effects. In A. K. Y. Ng, J. Monios, & C. Jiang (Eds.), Maritime transport and regional sustainability, Chapter 4 (Vol. 4, pp. 45–71). Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Randrianarisoa, L., & Zhang, A. (2019). Adaptation to climate change effects and competition between ports: Invest now or later? Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 123, 279–322. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2019.03.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, H., McEvoy, D., Chhetri, P., Basic, F., & Mullett, J. (2013). Climate change guidelines for ports. Melbourne: National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility.
   Google Scholar
• Stenek, V., Amado, J., Connell, R., Palin, O., Wright, S., Pope, B., … Washington, R. (2011). Climate risk and business-ports; Terminal Marítimo Muelles el Bosque, Cartagena, Colombia, Executive Summary. International Finance Corporation, Washington, DC, 24.
   Google Scholar
• Stern, N. H. (2007). The economics of climate change: The Stern review. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• UNCTAD. (2017). Review of maritime transport 2017. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• Wan, Y., Zhang, A., & Li, K. X. (2018). Port competition with accessibility and congestion: A theoretical framework and literature review on empirical studies. Maritime Policy & Management, 45(2), 239–259. doi: 10.1080/03088839.2017.1403053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, K., & Zhang, A. (2018). Climate change, natural disasters and adaptation investments: Inter- and intra-port competition and cooperation. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 117, 158–189. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2018.08.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weitzman, M. L. (2009). On modeling and interpreting the economics of catastrophic climate change. Review of Economics and Statistics, 91(1), 1–19. doi: 10.1162/rest.91.1.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, Y. B., Fu, X., Ng, A. K., & Zhang, A. (2015). Port investments on coastal and marine disasters prevention: Economic modeling and implications. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 78, 202–221. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2015.04.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Z., Ng, A. K., Lee, P. T. W., Wang, T., Qu, Z., Rodrigues, V. S., … Lau, Y. Y. (2018). Risk and cost evaluation of port adaptation measures to climate change impacts. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 61, 444–458. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2017.03.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, H., & Zhang, A. (2012). Effects of high-speed rail and air transport competition on prices, profits and welfare. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 46, 1322–1333. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2012.09.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yip, T. L., Liu, J. J., Fu, X., & Feng, J. (2014). Modeling the effects of competition on seaport terminal awarding. Transport Policy, 35, 341–349. doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2014.04.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuen, A., Zhang, A., & Cheung, W. (2013). Foreign participation and competition: A way to improve the container port efficiency in China? Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 49, 220–231. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2013.01.026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, A., Fu, X., & Yang, H. (2010). Revenue sharing with multiple airlines and airports. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 44(8–9), 944–959. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2010.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, A., & Zhang, Y. (1996). Stability of a Cournot–Nash equilibrium: The multiproduct case. Journal of Mathematical Economics, 26, 441–462. doi: 10.1016/0304-4068(95)00760-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar