517
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Plant-Environment Interactions

How does the precipitation gradient interact with common disturbances to structure prairies?

Pages 10-18 | Received 08 Dec 2010, Accepted 10 Mar 2011, Published online: 21 Apr 2011

References

  • Adams , DE and Anderson , RC. 1978 . The response of a central Oklahoma grassland to burning . SW Nat. , 23 : 623 – 632 .
  • Adams , DE and Wallace , LL. 1984 . Nutrient and biomass allocation in five grass species in an Oklahoma tallgrass prairie . Am Midl Nat. , 113 : 170 – 181 .
  • Belsky , AJ. 1992 . Effects of grazing, competition, disturbance and fire on species composition and diversity in grassland communities . J Veg Sci. , 3 : 187 – 200 .
  • Blair , JM. 1997 . Fire, N availability and plant response in grasslands: a test of the transient maxima hypothesis . Ecology. , 78 : 2539 – 2568 .
  • Bragg , TB. 1995 . “ The physical environment of Great Plains grasslands ” . In The changing prairie , Edited by: Joern , J and Keeler , KH . 49 – 81 . Oxford , , UK : Oxford University Press .
  • Briggs , JM and Knapp , AK. 1995 . Interannual variability in primary production in tallgrass prairie: climate, soil moisture, topographic position, and fire as determinants of aboveground biomass . Am J Bot. , 82 : 1024 – 1030 .
  • Briggs , JM , Nellis , MD and Turner , CL. 1998 . “ A landscape perspective of patterns and processes in tallgrass prairie ” . In Grasslands dynamics: long-term ecological research in tallgrass prairie , Edited by: Knapp , AK , Briggs , JM , Hartnett , DC and Collins , SL . 265 – 279 . New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
  • Collins , SL. 1987 . Interaction of disturbances in tallgrass prairie: a field experiment . Ecology. , 68 : 1243 – 1250 .
  • Collins , SL and Adams , DE. 1983 . Succession in grasslands: thirty-two years of change in a central Oklahoma tall-grass prairie . Vegetatio. , 51 : 181 – 190 .
  • Collins , SL and Barber , SC. 1985 . Effects of disturbance on diversity in mixedgrass prairie . Vegetatio. , 64 : 87 – 94 .
  • Collins , SL and Uno , GE. 1985 . Seed predation, seed dispersal and disturbance in grasslands: a comment . Am Nat. , 125 : 866 – 872 .
  • Coppedge , BR , Engle , DM , Toepfer , CS and Shaw , JH. 1998 . Effects of seasonal fire, bison grazing and climatic variation on tallgrass prairie vegetation . Plant Ecol. , 139 : 235 – 246 .
  • Daniel JA. 2001 . The water resources and erosion watersheds, Fort Reno, OK . USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory Report GRL1-01 .
  • Fuhlendorf , SD and Engle , DM. 2001 . Restoring heterogeneity on rangelands: ecosystem management based on evolutionary grazing patterns . Bioscience. , 51 : 625 – 632 .
  • Gill , RA and Burke , IC. 1999 . Ecosystem consequences of plant form changes at three sites in the semiarid United States . Oecologia. , 121 : 551 – 563 .
  • Gleason , HA. 1926 . The individualistic concept of the plant association . Bull Torrey Bot Club. , 53 : 7 – 26 .
  • Glenn , SM and Collins , SL. 1993 . Experimental analysis of patch dynamics in tallgrass prairie plant communities . J Veg Sci. , 4 : 157 – 162 .
  • Grime , JP. 1995 . Functional types: a comment on Steneck and Dethier (1994) . Oikos. , 73 : 120 – 121 .
  • Haught , JA and Myster , RW. 2008 . Effects of species, density, season and prairie-type on seed predation in Oklahoma . Am Midl Nat. , 159 : 482 – 488 .
  • Howe , HF. 1994 . Response of early- and late-flowering plants to fire season in experimental prairies . Ecol Appl. , 4 : 121 – 133 .
  • Howe , HF and Brown , JS. 1999 . Effects of birds and rodents on synthetic tallgrass communities . Ecology. , 80 : 1776 – 1781 .
  • Hulbert , LC. 1988 . Causes of fire effects in tallgrass prairie . Ecology. , 69 : 46 – 58 .
  • Humphrey , LD and Schupp , EW. 2004 . Competition as a barrier to establishment of a native perennial grass (Elymus elymoides) in alien annual grass (Bromus tectorum) communities . J Arid Env. , 58 : 405 – 422 .
  • Kelting , RW. 1954 . Effects of moderate grazing on the composition and plant production of a native tallgrass prairie in central Oklahoma . Ecology. , 35 : 200 – 207 .
  • Kindscher , K and Wells , PV. 1995 . Prairie plant guilds: a multivariate analysis of prairie species based on ecological and morphological traits . Vegetatio. , 117 : 29 – 50 .
  • Knapp , AK , Briggs , JM and Hartnett , DC. 1998 . Grassland dynamics: long-term ecological research in Tallgrass prairie , Oxford , , UK : Oxford University Press .
  • Kyle , GP , Kulmatiski , A and Beard , KH. 2008 . Influence of pocket gopher mounds on nonnative plant establishment in a shrub steppe ecosystem . W N Am Nat. , 68 : 374 – 383 .
  • Ludwig , JA and Reynolds , JF. 1988 . Statistical ecology: a primer on methods and computing , New York , NY : Wiley & Sons .
  • Myster , RW. 2001 . Mechanisms of plant response to gradients and after disturbances . Bot Rev. , 67 : 441 – 452 .
  • Myster , RW. 2006 . Species-specific effects of grass litter mass and type on emergence of three tall grass prairie species . Ecoscience. , 13 : 95 – 99 .
  • Myster , RW. 2011 . Above-ground vs. below-ground interactive effects of mammalian herbivory on tallgrass prairie plant and soil parameters . J plant Inter. , 8 : 1 – 8 .
  • Myster , RW and Walker , LR. 1997 . Plant successional pathways on Puerto Rican landslides . J Trop Ecol. , 13 : 165 – 173 .
  • Netherland , L. 1979 . The effect of disturbances in tallgrass prairie sites on an index of diversity and equitability . SW Nat. , 24 : 267 – 274 .
  • Northup , BK and Daniel , JA. 2000 . The impacts of climate and management on species composition of a southern tallgrass prairie in Oklahoma . PNCGL. , 1 : 693 – 699 .
  • Ogle , SM , Ojima , D and Reiners , WA. 2004 . Modeling the impact of exotic annual brome grasses on soil organic carbon storage in a northern mixedgrass prairie . Biol Inva. , 6 : 365 – 377 .
  • Ogle , SM and Reiners , WA. 2003 . Impacts of exotic annual brome grass (Bromus spp.) on ecosystem properties of northern mixedgrass prairie . Am Midl Nat. , 149 : 46 – 58 .
  • Penfound , WT. 1955 . The relation of grazing to plant succession in the tallgrass prairie . Ecology. , 36 : 86 – 94 .
  • Pickett , STA and White , PS. 1985 . The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics , New York , NY : Academic Press .
  • Polley , HW and Collins , SL. 1984 . Relationships of vegetation and environment in Buffalo wallows . Am Midl Nat. , 112 : 178 – 186 .
  • Risser , PG , Birney , EC , Blocker , HD , May , SW , Parton , WJ and Wiens , JA. 1994 . The true prairie ecosystem , Stroudsburg , PA : Hutchinson Ross .
  • SAS 1985 . User's guide: statistics , 5th ed . Cary , NC : SAS Institute Inc .
  • Silletti , AM , Knapp , AK and Blair , JM. 2004 . Competition and coexistence in grassland codominants: responses to neighbor removal and resource availability . Can J Bot. , 82 : 450 – 460 .
  • Suding , KN. 2001 . The effect of spring burning on competitive ranking of prairie species . J Veg Sci. , 12 : 849 – 856 .
  • Towne , G and Owensby , C. 1984 . Long-term effects of annual burning at different dates in ungrazed Kansas tallgrass prairie . J Range Manag. , 37 : 392 – 397 .
  • Vinton , MA and Burke , IC. 1997 . Contingent effects of plant species on soils along a regional moisture gradient in the great plains . Oecologia. , 110 : 393 – 402 .
  • Wallace , LL. 1981 . Growth, morphology and gas exchange of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal Panicum coloratum L, a C4 grass species, under different clipping and fertilization regimes . Oecologia. , 49 : 272 – 278 .
  • Walter , H. 1973 . Vegetation of the earth and the ecological systems of the geo-biosphere , New York , NY : Springer-Verlag .
  • Weatherford JL , Myster RW . 2011b . Effects of species, water, and nitrogen on competition among three Prairie Grasses. Prairie Nat .
  • Weatherford , JL and Myster , RW. 2011a . Interactive effects of simulated grazing, species and below-ground resources water on competitive outcome among three prairie grasses . J Torr Bot Soc. , 138 : 107 – 119 .
  • Whittaker , RH. 1975 . Communities and ecosystems , New York , NY : Macmillan .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.