Salt stress regulates enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidative defense system in the edible part of carrot (Daucus carota L.)

References

• Abbas W, Ashraf M, Akram NA. 2010. Alleviation of salt-induced adverse effects in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) by glycinebetaine and sugarbeet extracts. Sci Hort. 125:188–195. 10.1016/j.scienta.2010.04.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbasi A, Hajirezaei M, Hofius D, Sonnewald U, Voll LM. 2007. Specific roles of α- and γ-tocopherol in abiotic stress responses of transgenic tobacco. Plant Physiol. 143:1720–1738. 10.1104/pp.106.094771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbaspour H. 2012. Effect of salt stress on lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzymes, and proline accumulation in pistachio plants. J Med Plants Res. 6:526–529. 10.5897/JMPR11.1710
   Google Scholar
• Afzal I, Basra SMA, Ahmed N, Farooq M. 2005. Optimization of hormonal priming techniques for alleviation of salinity stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Caderno de Pesquisa Serie Biol. 17:95–109.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmad P, Ashraf M, Azooz MM, Rasool S, Akram NA. 2013. Potassium starvation-induced oxidative stress and antioxidant defense responses in Brassica juncea. J Plant Interact. doi:10.1080/17429145.2012.747629
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akram NA, Ashraf M, Al-Qurainy F. 2011. Aminolevulinic acid-induced changes in yield and seed-oil characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants under salt stress. Pak J Bot. 43:2845–2852.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akram NA, Ashraf M, Al-Qurainy F. 2012. Aminolevulinic acid-induced changes in some key physiological attributes and activities of antioxidant enzymes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants under saline regimes. Sci Hort. 142:143–148. 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.05.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashraf M. 2009. Biotechnological approach of improving plant salt tolerance using antioxidants as markers. Biotechnol Adv. 27:84–93. 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.09.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashraf M, Akram NA. 2009. Improving salinity tolerance of plants through conventional breeding and genetic engineering: an analytical comparison. Biotechnol Adv. 27:744–752. 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.05.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backer H, Frank O, De Angells B, Feingold S. 1980. Plasma tocopherol in man at various times after ingesting free or ocetylaned tocopherol. Nutr Rep Int. 21:531–536.
   Google Scholar
• Bano S, Ashraf M, Akram NA, Al-Qurainy F. 2012. Regulation in some vital physiological attributes and antioxidative defense system in carrot (Daucus carota L.) under saline stress. J Appl Bot Food Qual. 85:105–115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batool A, Ashraf M, Akram NA, Al-Qurainy F. 2013. Salt-induced changes in the growth, key physicochemical and biochemical parameters and enzyme activities, and levels of non-enzymatic anti-oxidants in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.). J Hort Sci Biotechnol. 88:231–241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford MM. 1976. A rapid and sensitive for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein–dye binding. Anal Biochem. 72:248–254. 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmak I, Horst JH. 1991. Effects of aluminum on lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities in root tips of soybean (Glycine max). Physiol Plant. 83:463–468. 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb00121.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chance M, Maehly AC. 1955. Assay of catalases and peroxidases. Methods Enzymol. 2:764–817.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colla G, Rouphael Y, Leonardi C, Bie Z. 2010. Role of grafting in vegetable crops grown under saline conditions. Sci Hort. 127:147–155. 10.1016/j.scienta.2010.08.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davey MW, Van Montagu M, Inzé D, Sanmartin M, Kanellis A, Smirnoff N, Benzie IJJ, Strain JJ, Favell D, Fletcher J. 2000. Plant L-ascorbic acid: chemistry, function, metabolism, bioavailability and effects of processing. J Sci Food Agric. 80:825–860.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giannopolitis CN, Ries SK. 1977. Superoxide dismutase. I. Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiol. 59:309–314. 10.1104/pp.59.2.309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibberd MR, Turner NC, Storey R. 2002. Influence of saline irrigation on growth, ion accumulation and partitioning, and leaf gas exchange of carrot (Daucus carota L.). Ann Bot. 90:715–724. 10.1093/aob/mcf253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grieve CM, Grattan SR. 1983. Rapid assay for determination of water soluble quaternary ammonium compounds. Plant Soil. 70:303–307. 10.1007/BF02374789
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollander-Czytko H, Grabowski J, Sandorf I, Weckermann K, Weiler EW. 2005. Tocopherol content and activities of tyrosine aminotransferase and cystine lyase in Arabidopsis under stress conditions. J Plant Physiol. 162:767–770. 10.1016/j.jplph.2005.04.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu L, Huang Z, Liu S, Fu J. 2012. Growth response and gene expression in antioxidant-related enzymes in two bermudagrass genotypes differing in salt tolerance. J Am Soc Hort Sci. 137:134–143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamil M, Lee DB, Jung KY, Ashraf M, Lee SC, Rha ES. 2006. Effect of salt (NaCl) stress on germination and early seedling growth of four vegetables species. J Cent Eur Agric. 7:273–282.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar S, Dhingra A, Daniell H. 2004. Plastid-expressed betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene in carrot cultured cells, roots, and leaves confer enhanced salt tolerance. Plant Physiol. 136:2843–2854. 10.1104/pp.104.045187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Q, Li Y, Li C, Yu X. 2012. Enhanced ascorbic acid accumulation through overexpression of dehydroascorbate reductase confers tolerance to methyl viologen and salt stresses in tomato. Czech J Genet Plant Breed. 48:74–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maas EV, Hoffman GJ. 1977. Crop salt tolerance: current assessment. J Irrig Drain Div. 103:115–134.
   Google Scholar
• Mittler R. 2002. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends Plant Sci. 7:405–410. 10.1016/S1360-1385(02)02312-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M-Kalantari K, Oloumi H. 2005. Study the effects of CdCl2 on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant compounds content in Brassica napus. Iran J Sci Technol Trans A. 29:201–208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee SP, Choudhuri MA. 1983. Implications of water stress-induced changes in the levels of endogenous ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide in Vigna seedlings. Physiol Plant. 58:166–170. 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1983.tb04162.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neffati M, Sriti J, Hamdaoui G, Kchouk ME, Marzouk B. 2011. Salinity impact on fruit yield, essential oil composition and antioxidant activities of Coriandrum sativum fruit extracts. Food Chem. 124:221–225. 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.06.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noreen Z, Ashraf M. 2009. Assessment of variation in antioxidative defense system in salt treated pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars and its putative use as salinity tolerance markers. J Plant Physiol. 166:1764–1774. 10.1016/j.jplph.2009.05.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noreen Z, Ashraf M, Akram NA. 2010a. Salt-induced modulation in some key physio-biochemical processes and their use as selection criteria in potential vegetable crop pea (Pisum sativum L.). Crop Pasture Sci. 61:369–378. 10.1071/CP09255
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noreen Z, Ashraf M, Akram NA. 2010b. Salt-induced regulation of some key antioxidant enzymes and physio-biochemical phenomena in five diverse cultivars of turnip (Brassica rapa L.). J Agron Crop Sci. 196:273–285.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noreen Z, Ashraf M, Akram NA. 2012. Salt-induced regulation of photosynthetic capacity and ion accumulation in some genetically diverse cultivars of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). J Appl Bot Food Qual. 85:91–96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perveen S, Shahbaz M, Ashraf M. 2011. Modulation in activities of antioxidant enzymes in salt stressed and non-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants raised from seed treated with triacontanol. Pak J Bot. 43:2463–2468.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perveen S, Shahbaz M, Ashraf M. 2012. Changes in mineral composition, uptake and use efficiency of salt stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants raised from seed treated with triacontanol. Pak J Bot. 44:27–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleem A, Ashraf M, Akram NA. 2011. Salt (NaCl)-induced modulation in some key physio-biochemical attributes in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). J Agron Crop Sci. 197:202–213. 10.1111/j.1439-037X.2010.00453.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleem A, Ashraf M, Akram NA, Al-Qurainy F. 2012. Salinity-induced changes in the composition of some key enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, osmo-protectants, chlorophyll pigments and some inorganic elements in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) fruit. J Hort Sci Biotechnol. 87:271–277.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidhalter U, Oertli JJ. 1991. Germination and seedling growth of carrots under salinity and moisture stress. Plant Soil. 132: 243–251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahbaz M, Ashraf M, Al-Qurainy F, Harris PJC. 2012. Salt tolerance in selected vegetable crops. Crit Rev Plant Sci. 31:303–320. 10.1080/07352689.2012.656496
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahbaz M, Ashraf M, Athar HR. 2008. Does exogenous application of 24-epibrassinolide ameliorate salt induced growth inhibition in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Growth Regul. 55:51–64. 10.1007/s10725-008-9262-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaheen S, Naseer S, Ashraf M, Akram NA. 2013. Salt stress affects water relations, photosynthesis, and oxidative defense mechanisms in Solanum melongena L. J Plant Interact. 8:85–96. 10.1080/17429145.2012.718376
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorkheh K, Shiran B, Rouhi V, Khodambashi M, Sofo A. 2012. Salt stress induction of some key antioxidant enzymes and metabolites in eight Iranian wild almond species. Acta Physiol Plant. 34:203–213. 10.1007/s11738-011-0819-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tounekti T, Iker H, Maren M, Habib K, Sergi M. 2011. Kinetin applications alleviate salt stress and improve the antioxidant composition of leaf extracts in Salvia officinalis. Plant Physiol Biochem. 49:1165–1176. 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.07.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volden J, Bengtsson GB, Wicklund T. 2009. Glucosinolates, L-ascorbic acid, total phenols, anthocyanins, antioxidant capacities and colour in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. ssp. botrytis); effects of long-term freezer storage. Food Chem. 112:967–976. 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.07.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar