References
- Armbruster WS. 2017. The specialization continuum in pollination systems: diversity of concepts and implications for ecology, evolution and conservation. Funct Ecol. 31:88–100. doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12783.
- Boberg E, Ågren J. 2009. Despite their apparent integration, spur length but not perianth size affects reproductive success in the moth–pollinated orchid Platanthera bifolia. Funct Ecol. 23:1022–1028. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01595.x.
- Cordeiro GD, Pinheiro M, Dötterl S, Alves-dos-Santos I. 2016. Pollination of Campomanesia phaea (Myrtaceae) by night-active bees: a new nocturnal pollination system mediated by floral scent. Plant Biol. 19:132–139. doi:10.1111/plb.12520.
- Danieli-Silva A, de Souza JMT, Donatti AJ, Campos RP, Vicente-Silva J, Varassin GI. 2012. Do pollination syndromes cause modularity and predict interactions in a pollination network in tropical high-altitude grass land? Oikos. 121:35–43. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19089.x.
- Fenster CB, Armbruster WS, Wilson P, Dudash MR, Thomson JD. 2004. Pollination syndromes and floral specialization. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst. 35:375–403. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132347.
- Fægri KP, van der Piji L. 1971. The principal of pollination ecology. Oxford: Pergamann press.
- Fulton M, Hodges SA. 1999. Floral isolation between Aquilegia formosa and Aquilegia pubescens. Proc Roy Soc B-Biol Sic. 266:2247–2252. doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0915.
- Funamoto D, Ohashi K. 2017. Hidden floral adaptation to nocturnal moths in an apparently bee-pollinated flower, Adenophora tryphylla var. japonica (Campanulaceae). Plant Biol. 19:767–774. doi:10.1111/plb.12579.
- Hattori M, Nagano Y, Shinohara Y, Itino T. 2016. Pattern of flower size variation along an altitudinal gradient differs between Impatiens textori and Impatiens noli-tangere. J Plant Int. 11:152–157. doi:10.1080/17429145.2016.1226437.
- Hayashi Y. 2009. Nihon-no Yasou. Tokyo: Yama to Keikoku Sha.
- Hodges SA, Fulton M, Yang JY, Whittall JB. 2003. Verne grant and evolutionary studies of Aquilegia. New Phytol. 161:113–120. doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00950.x.
- Inoue K. 1983. Systematics of genus Platanthera (Orchidaceae) in Japan and adjacent regions with special reference to pollination. J Fac Sci U Tokyo. 3:285–374.
- Kuriya S, Hattori M, Nagano Y, Itino N. 2015. Altitudinal flower size variation correlates with local pollinator size in a bumblebee-pollinated herb, Prunella vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae). J Evol Biol. 28:1761–1769. doi:10.1111/jeb.12693.
- Murúa M, Espíndola A. 2015. Pollination syndromes in a specialized plant-pollinator interaction: does floral morphology predict pollinators in Calceolaria? Plant Biol. 17:551–557. doi:10.1111/plb.12225.
- Nagano Y, Abe K, Kitazawa T, Hattori M, Hirao SA, Itino T. 2014. Changes in pollinator fauna affect altitudinal variation of floral size in a bumblebee-pollinated herb. Ecol Evol. 4:3395–3407. doi:10.1002/ece3.1191.
- Nakashizuka T, Iida S, Suzuki W, Tanimoto T. 1993. Seed dispersal and vegetation development on a debris avalanche on the Ontake volcano, central Japan. J Veg Sci. 4:537–542. doi:10.2307/3236081.
- Newman E, Manning J, Anderson B. 2015. Local adaptation: mechanical fit between floral ecotypes of Nerine humilis (Amaryllidaceae) and pollinator communities. Evolution. 69:2262–2275. doi:10.1111/evo.12736.
- Ollerton J, Alarcón R, Waser NM, Price MV, Watts S, Cranmer L, Hingston A, Peter CI, Rotenberry J. 2009. A global test of the pollination syndrome hypothesis. Ann Bot. 103:1471–1480. doi:10.1093/aob/mcp031.
- Ollerton J, Winfree R, Tarrant S. 2011. How many flowering plants are pollinated by animals? Oikos. 120:321–326. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18644.x.
- Raguso RA, Levin RA, Foose SE, Holmberg MW, McDade LA. 2003. Fragrance chemistry, nocturnal rhythms and pollination “syndromes” in Nicotiana. Phytochemistry. 63:265–284. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00113-4.
- Rosas-Guerrero V, Aguilar R, Martén-Rodríguez S, Ashworth L, Lopezaraiza-Mikel M, Bastida JM, Quesada M. 2014. A quantitative review of pollination syndromes: do floral traits predict effective pollinators? Ecol Lett. 17:388–400. doi:10.1111/ele.12224.
- Schupp EW, Jordano P, Gómez JM. 2017. A general framework for effectiveness concepts in mutualisms. Ecol Lett. 20:577–590. doi:10.1111/ele.12764.
- Sletvold N, Trunschke J, Wimmergren C, Ågren J. 2012. Separating selection by diurnal and nocturnal pollinators on floral display and spur length in Gymnadenia conopsea. Ecology. 93:1880–1891. doi:10.1890/11-2044.1.
- Stebbins GL. 1970. Adaptive radiation of reproductive characteristics in angiosperms: pollination mechanisms. Ann Rev Ecol Syst. 1:307–326. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.01.110170.001515.
- Strelin MM, Benitez-Vieyra S, Fornoni J, Klingenberg CP, Cocucci AA. 2016. Exploring the ontogenetic scaling hypothesis during the diversification of pollination syndromes in Caophora (Loasaceae, subfam. Loassoideae). Ann Bot. 117:937–947. doi:10.109./aob/mcw035 doi: 10.1093/aob/mcw035
- Suetsugu K, Fukushima S. 2014. Pollination biology of the endangered orchid Cypripedium japonica in a fragmented forest of Japan. Plant Spec Biol. 29:293–299. doi:10.1111/1442-1984.12016.
- Suetsugu K, Tanaka K. 2013. Pollination of Sedirea japonica (Orchidaceae) by Bombus diversus diversus (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Eur J Entomol. 110:545–548. doi:10.14411/eje.2013.074.
- Suetsugu K, Tanaka K, Okuyama Y, Yukawa T. 2015. Potential pollinator of Vanda falcata (Orchidaceae): Theretra (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) hawkmoths are visitors of long spurred orchid. Eur J Entomol. 112:393–397. doi:10.14411/eje.2015.031.
- Thompson JN. 1994. The Coevolutionary Process. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- van der Niet T, Liltved WR, Johnson SD. 2011. More than meets the eye: a morphological and phylogenetic comparison of long-spurred, white-flowered Satyrium species (Orchidaceae) in South Africa. Bot J Linn Soc. 166:417–430. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01143.x.
- Whittall JB, Hodges SA. 2007. Pollinator shifts drive increasingly long nectar spurs in columbine flowers. Nature. 447:706–709. doi:10.1038/nature05857.
- Wolff D, Braun M, Liede S. 2003. Nocturnal versus diurnal pollination success in Isertia laevis (Rubiaceae): A sphingophilous plant visited by hummingbirds. Plant Biol. 5:71–78. doi:10.1055/s-2003-37977.
- Young HJ. 2002. Diurnal and nocturnal pollination of Silene alba (Caryophyllaceae). Amer J Bot. 89:433–440. doi:10.3732/ajb.89.3.433.