REFERENCES
- Anderson, B.Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 1983.
- Andrews, D.L. ‘Excavating Michael Jordan's Blackness’. In Reading Sport: Critical Essays on Power and Representation, ed. S.Birrell and M.G.McDonald, 166–205. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press, 2000.
- Andrews, D.L. ‘The Fact(s) of Michael Jordan's Blackness: Excavating a Floating Racial Signifier’. Sociology of Sport Journal13 (1996): 125–58.
- Arrighi, G.The Long Twentieth Century. London: Verso, 1994.
- Beissel, A.S., and J.I.Newman. ‘Home and Away: Articulatory Citizenship and the Mythmaking of Troy Polamalu’. Sociology of Sport Journal (forthcoming)
- Bluestone, B., and B.Harrison. The Deindustrialization of America. New York: Basic Books, 1982.
- Cagan, J., and C.M.Vogel. Creating Breakthrough Products: Innovation from Product Planning to Program Approval. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002.
- Carrington, B. ‘Sport, Masculinity, and Black Cultural Resistance’. Journal of Sport & Social Issues22, no. 3 (1998): 275–98.
- Cole, C.L., and H.Denny. ‘Visualizing Deviance in Post-Reagan America: Magic Johnson, AIDS, and the Promiscuous World of Professional Sport’. Critical Sociology20, no. 3 (1994): 123–47.
- Coleman, V. ‘Tucker Max, “Fratire” and Rape Culture’. Amplify: A Project of Advocates for Youth. http://amplifyyourvoice.org/u/vanessaaishacoleman/2009/09/22/tucker-max-fratire-and-rape-culture/ (accessed September 22, 2009).
- Connell, R.W.Gender. Cambridge: Polity, 2002.
- Couvares, F.G.The Remaking of Pittsburgh: Class and Culture in an Industrializing City 1877–1919. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1984.
- Crosset, T., J.Benedict, and M.McDonald. ‘Male Student-Athletes Reported for Rape: A Survey of Campus Police Departments and Judicial Affairs Offices’. Journal of Sport and Social Issues19 (1995): 126–40.
- Deitsch, R. ‘Richard Deitsch > Media Circus’. SportsIllustrated.com. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/richard_deitsch/12/16/tebow.needle/ (accessed December 16, 2011).
- DiRocco, M. ‘Tim Tebow's Star Still Rises’. Florida Times-Union, Jacksonville.com. http://jacksonville.com/sports/college/florida-gators/2011-06-11/story/tim-tebows-star-still-rises/ (accessed June 11, 2011).
- Drucker, P.The Age of Disconinuity: Guidelines to Our Changing Society. New York: Transaction, 1992.
- Florio, M. ‘Roethlisberger Case Settled for “Less Than a Game Check”’. NBC Sports.com, January 24, 2012. http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2012/01/24/roethlisberger-case-settled-for-less-than-a-game-check/.
- Forgrave, R. ‘Roethlisberger's Style: Tough as Steel’. FoxSports.com. http://msn.foxsports.com/nfl/story/Pittsburgh-Steelers-Ben-Roethlisberger-proves-toughness-in-win-over-Cleveland-Browns-120911/ (accessed December 9, 2011).
- Friedman, J. ‘Tucker Max Has Femae Fans. Why?’ Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/18/AR2009091801147.html/ (accessed September 20, 2009).
- Graves, W. ‘Steelers March On Behind Gritty Roethlisberger’. Salt Lake City Deseret News. http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700205514/Steelers-march-on-behind-gritty-Roethlisberger.html/ (accessed December 9, 2011).
- Hargreaves, J.Sport, Power and Culture. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986.
- Harvey, D. ‘interview by H. Kreisler, transcript, March 2004, ‘Conversation with David Harvey: Understanding the New Imperialsim’, Institutue of International Studies, UC Berkley’. http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people4/Harvey/harvey-con4.html.
- Hensley, J. ‘NFL Any Era: Troy Polamalu’. ESPN.com. http://espn.go.com/blog/nflnation/post/_/id/52956/nfl-any-era-troy-polamalu/ (accessed January 27, 2010).
- Heron, C.Working in Steel: The Early Years in Canada, 1883–1935. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, The Canadian Publishers, 1988.
- Hesse, B. ‘Reviewing the Western Spectacle: Reflexive Globalization through the Black Diaspora’. In Global Future: Migration, Environment and Globalization, ed. A.Brah and M.Hickman, 209–41. London: Macmillan, 1999.
- Hinshaw, J.H.Steel and Steelworkers: Race and Class Struggle in Twentieth Century Pittsburgh. Albany, NY: SUNY University Press, 2002.
- Hoggart, R. ‘The Uses of Literacy’. London: Chatto & Windus1957/2008.
- hooks, b.Black Looks: Race and Representation. Boston, MA: South End Press, 1992.
- Jubera, D. ‘Roethlisberger's Road to Redemption’. CNN.com. http://articles.cnn.com/2011-01-21/us/steelers.roethlisberger.redemption_1_ben-roethlisberger-terry-bradshaw-clutch-quarterbacks?_s = PM:US/ (accessed January 21, 2011).
- Kilmas, L. ‘Steelers Safety Troy Polamalu Stirs Controversy for Recommending Anti-fracking Movie’. The Blaze.com. http://www.theblaze.com/stories/steelers-safety-troy-polamalu-stirs-controversy-for-recommending-anti-fracking-movie/ (accessed January 11, 2012).
- King, S. ‘Offensive Lines: Sport-State: Synergy in an Era of Perpetual War’. Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies8, no. 4 (2008): 527–39.
- Kraszewski, J. ‘Pittsburgh in Fort Worth: Football Bars, Sports Television, Sports Fandom and the Management of Home’. Journal of Sport and Social Issues32, no. 2 (2008): 139–57.
- Krugman, P.The Conscience of a Liberal. New York: W.W. Norton, 2007.
- Leitch, W.God Save the Fan: How Steroid Hypocrites, Soul-Sucking Suits, and a Worldwide Leader Not Named Bush Have Taken the Fun Out of Sports. New York: It Books (Harper Collins), 2008.
- Leitch, W. ‘It's Good to Be Ben’. Deadspin.com: Gawker Media. http://deadspin.com/151809/its-good-to-be-big-ben/ (accessed January 31, 2006).
- Leonard, D.J. ‘Masculinity, the NFL, and Concussions’. The Feminist Wire, 2012. http://thefeministwire.com/2012/05/masculinity-the-nfl-and-concussions/.
- Levin, J. ‘James Harrison: The Villain the NFL Wants’. Deadspin.com: Gawker Media. http://deadspin.com/5868260/james-harrison-the-villain-the-nfl-wants/ (accessed December 15, 2011).
- Lupica, M. ‘Stern Turns Gun-shy Tough to Figure How He Goes Easy on Garnett’. New York Daily News,May 19, 2004.
- Lupica, M. ‘Truth and Lies in Tahoe’. New York,July 26, 2009.
- Markazi, A. ‘Troy Polamalu: Players Have Cause’. ESPN.com. http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id = 6580041 (accessed May 23, 2011).
- Maske, M. ‘Roethlisberger is a Man of the People’. Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/16/AR2005081601755.html (accessed August 17, 2005).
- McCallum, J. ‘The Hangover: Roethlisberger’. Sports Illustrated. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1169185/index.html/ (accessed May 10, 2010).
- McCarthy, M. ‘Steelers Sure to Enjoy Spoils of Title: QB, Coach Most Marketable’. USA Today,May 23, 2009.
- Messner, M.Taking the Field: Women, Men, and Sports. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.
- Messner, M. ‘When Bodies Are Weapons: Masculinity and Violence in Sport’. International Review for the Sociology of Sport25, no. 3 (1990): 203–19.
- Millman, C., and S.Coyne. The Ones Who Hit the Hardest: The Steelers, the Cowboys, the ‘70s, and the Fight for America's Soul. New York: Gotham, 2010.
- Morrison, D.R., and M.J.Casper. ‘Intersections of Disability Studies and Critical Trauma Studies: A Provocation’. Disabilities Studies Quarterly32, no. 2 (2012):. http://dsq-sds.org/article/view/3189.
- Mumper, J. ‘The NFL's New Turf; On the Mall, “Kickoff Live” is Mixing Cola, Concerts and Controversy’. The Flat Hat. http://flathat.wm.edu/2003-11-14/story.php?type = 5&aid = 15/ (accessed November 14, 2003).
- Myers, G. ‘Blow to Big Ben: Steelers QB Roethlisberger's Skull Cracked in Pittsburgh Cycle Accident’. New York Daily News,June 13, 2006.
- National Football League. ‘Goodell Suspends Roethlisberger for 6 Games, Orders Evaluation’. Press release. http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d817aaafc/printable/goodell-suspends-roethlisberger-for-six-games-orders-evaluation/ (accessed April 21, 2010).
- Newman, J.I., and M.D.Giardina. Sport, Spectacle and NASCAR Nation: Consumption and the Cultural Politics of Neoliberalism, Education, Politics, and Public Life. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
- Ong, A. ‘Cultural Citizenship as Subject Making: Immigrants Negotiate Racial and Cultural Boundaries in the United States’. Current Anthropology37, no. 5 (1996): 737–62.
- Pedulla, T. ‘None Quite Like Polamalu’. USA Today, January 30, 2006. http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/football/nfl/steelers/2006-01-30-polamalu-feature_x.htm.
- Plushnick-Masti, R. ‘After 250 Years, Pittsburgh Remains an Anomaly’. USA Today. http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2008-11-26-pittsburgh-250th-anniversary_N.htm (accessed November 26, 2008).
- Reft, R. ‘Steel Dreams and Rusted Nightmares: Remembering Small Town Industrial America’. Tropics of Meta, November 20, 2011. http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/11/10/steel-dreams-and-rusted-nightmares-remembering-small-town-industrial-america/.
- Rosenthal, G. ‘Complaint Gets Very Specific Regarding Interaction between McNulty, Roethlisberger’. NBC Sports.com. http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2009/07/21/complaint-gets-very-specific-regarding-interaction-between-mcnulty-roethlisberger/ (accessed July 21, 2009).
- Rovell, D. ‘Polamalu, Rogers Jerseys Popular among Women’. Yahoo! Sports. http://sports.yahoo.com/nfl/news?slug = ys-cnbcwomensjerseys012511(accessed January 25, 20110).
- Sabo, D., and R.Runfola. Jock: Sports and Male Identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1980.
- Schapiro, R. ‘Big Ben Sex Suit: Hotel Concierge Accuses QB of Rape’. New York Daily News,July 22, 2009.
- Schwartzel, E. ‘Polamalu Praises “Gasland” on Facebook, Sets of Fractious Debate’. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/12010/1202448-28.stm (accessed January 10, 2012).
- Shelton, G. ‘Today is Big Ben's Most Gripping Tale’. St. Petersburg Times (Florida),January 23, 2005.
- Slavishak, E.Bodies of Work: Civic Display and Labor in Industrial Pittsburgh. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008.
- Smith, M.D.Violence and Sport. Toronto: Butterworths, 1983.
- Solotaroff, P. ‘Confessions of an NFL Hitman’. Men's Journal. http://www.mensjournal.com/magazine/confessions-of-an-nfl-hitman-20120504?page = 2 (accessed August, 2011).
- Spector, M. ‘Polamalu is Steeler Football’. Sportsnet Canada,January 29, 2009.
- Steelers Nation. Directed by Steve Sabol. Mount Laurel. NJ: NFL Films Presents, 2006.
- Stevens, W.K. ‘Pittsburgh Bemused at No. 1 Ranking’. The New York TimesMarch 31, 1985.
- Thompson, W. ‘Displaced Steelers Fans Have Found a New Home in Houston’. ESPN.com. http://espn.go.com/nfl/story/_/id/7239692/nfl-displaced-steelers-fans-found-new-home-houston/ (accessed November 16, 2011).
- Thompson, E.P.The Making of the English Working Class. New York: Vintage1963/1991.
- Van Riper, T. ‘The Most Influential Athletes’. Forbes, http://www.forbes.com/2011/05/09/most-influential-athletes.html/ (accessed May 09, 2011).
- Welch, M. ‘Violence against Women by Professional Football Players: A Gender Anlysis of Hypermasculinity, Positional Status, Narcissism, and Entitlement’. Journal of Sport & Social Issues21, no. 4 (1997): 392–411.
- Wexell, J.Pittsburgh Steelers: Men of Steel. New York: Skyhorse, 2011.
- Williams, R.The Country and the City. New York: Oxford University Press, 1973.
- Young, K. ‘Violence, Risk, and Liability in Male Sports Culture’. In Sport: Critical Concepts in Sociology, ed. E.Dunning and B.Malcolm, 325–52. New York: Routledge, 2003.