Publication Cover
Sport in Society
Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics
Volume 18, 2015 - Issue 3
1,510
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Athletes' perceptions of anti-doping sanctions: the ban from sport versus social, financial and self-imposed sanctions

, , &

References

  • AlarantaA., H.Alaranta, J.Holmila, P.Palmu, K.Pietilä, and I.Helenius. 2006. “Self-reported Attitudes of Elite Athletes towards Doping: Differences between Type of Sport.” International Journal of Sports Medicine27: 842–846.
  • AquilinaD., and I.Henry. 2010. “Elite Athletes and University Education in Europe: A Review of Policy and Practice in Higher Education in the European Union Member States.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics2 (1): 25–47.
  • BackhouseS. H., J.McKenna, S.Robinson, and A.Atkin. 2007. “Attitudes, Behaviours, Knowledge and Education – Drugs in Sport: Past, Present and Future.” A report for the World Anti-Doping Agency, Canada. http://www.wada-ama.org/rtecontent/document/Backhouse_et_al_Full_Report.pdf.
  • BloodworthA., and M.McNamee. 2010. “Clean Olympians? Doping and Anti-doping: The Views of Talented Young British Athletes.” International Journal of Drug Policy21: 276–282.
  • BloodworthA. J., A.Petróczi, R.Bailey, G.Pearce, and M. J.McNamee. 2010. “Doping and Supplementation: The Attitudes of Talented Young Athletes.” Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01239.x.
  • BrissonneauC.2010. “An Interactionist Study of Phenomenon of Doping(1950–2010).” CERSES (Centre de Recherche Sens, Ethique, Société). CNRS-Université Paris Descartes. Paper presented at the conference Body Enhancements and (Il)Legal Drugs in Sport and Exercise – Human and Social Perspectives, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, November 10–12.
  • CarstairsC.2003. “The Wide World of Doping: Drug Scandals, Natural Bodies, and the Business of Sports Entertainment.” Addiction Research and Theory11 (4): 263–281.
  • CornishD. B., and R. V. G.Clarke. 1986. The Reasoning Criminal: Rational Choice Perspectives on Offending. New York: Springer.
  • DikicN., S. S.Markovic, and M.McNamee. 2011. “On the Efficacy of WADA's Whereabouts Policy: Between Filing Failures and Missed Tests.” Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin62 (10): 324–328.
  • DimeoP., J.Allen, J.Tayler, S.Dixon, and L.Robinson. 2013. “Team Dynamics and Doping in Sport: A Risk or a Protective Factor?” Report compiled for the World Anti-Doping Agency. Stirling University, Scotland.
  • DöllingD., D.Hermann, H.Entorf, and T.Rupp. 2009. “Is Deterrence Effective? Results of a Meta-analysis of Punishment.” European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research15: 201–224.
  • DonovanR. J., G.Egger, V.Kapernick, and J.Mendoza. 2002. “A Conceptual Framework for Achieving Performance Enhancing Drug Compliance in Sport.” Sports Medicine32 (4): 269–284.
  • DunnM., J. O.Thomas, W.Swift, L.Burns, and R. P.Mattick. 2010. “Drug Testing in Sport: The Attitudes and Experiences of Elite Athletes.” International Journal of Drug Policy21 (4): 330–332.
  • ElbeA. M., and M.Overbye. 2013. “Urine Doping Controls: The Athletes' Perspective.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2013.801361.
  • EngelbergT., S.Moston, and J.Skinner. 2014. “The Final Frontier of Anti-doping: A Study of Athletes Who Have Committed Doping Violations.” Sport Management Review. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2014.06.005.
  • GucciardiD. F., G.Jalleh, and R. J.Donovan. 2011. “An Examination of the Sport Drug Control Model with Elite Australian Athletes.” Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2011.03.009.
  • HamiltonT., and D.Coyle. 2012. The Secret Race: Inside the Hidden World of the Tour de France: Doping, Cover-ups, and Winning at All Cost. London: Bantam Press.
  • HanstadD. V., E. Å.Skille, and S.Loland. 2010. “Harmonization of Anti-doping Work: Myth or Reality?” Sport in Society13: 418–430.
  • HauwD., and J.Bilard. 2012. “Situated Activity Analysis of Elite Track and Field Athletes' Use of Prohibited Performance-Enhancing Substances.” The Journal of Substance Use17 (2): 183–197.
  • HoulihanB.2002. Dying to Win: Doping in Sport and the Development of Anti-doping Policy. 2nd ed.Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
  • HuybersT., and J.Mazanov. 2012. “What Would Kim Do: A Choice Study of Projected Athlete Doping Considerations.” Journal of Sport Management, no. 26: 322–334.
  • JohnsonJ., T.Butryn, and M.Masucci. 2013. “A Focus Group Analysis of the US and Canadian Female Triathletes' Knowledge of Doping.” Sport in Society: Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics. doi:10.1080/17430437.2012.753522.
  • KaufmanG.1996. The Psychology of Shame: Theory and Treatment of Shame-Based Syndromes. New York: Springer.
  • KirbyK., A.Moran, and S.Guerin. 2011. “A Qualitative Analysis of the Experiences of Elite Athletes Who Have Admitted to Doping for Performance Enhancement.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics3 (2): 205–224.
  • LolandS.2004. “The Vulnerability Thesis and Its Consequences: A Critique of Specialization in Olympic Sport.” In Post-Olympism? Questioning Sport in the Twenty-first Century, edited by J.Bale and M. K.Christensen. Oxford: Berg.
  • LucidiF., A.Zelli, L.Mallia, C.Grano, P. M.Russo, and C.Violani. 2008. “The Social-Cognitive Mechanisms Regulating Adolescents' Use of Doping Substances.” Journal of Sports Sciences26: 447–456.
  • MazanovJ., and T.Huybers. 2010. “An Empirical Model of Athlete Decisions to Use Performance-Enhancing Drugs: Qualitative Evidence.” Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise2: 385–402.
  • MazanovJ., and V.McDermott. 2009. “The Case for a Social Science of Drugs in Sport.” Sport in Society12: 276–295.
  • McNameeM.2010. “The Importance and Practicality of Humanistic Anti Doping Research.” Conference presentation WADA, symposium, Social Science Research in Anti-Doping, Seoul, November 3–5.
  • MelzerM., A.-M.Elbe, and R.Brand. 2010. “Moral and Ethical Decision Making: A Chance for Doping Prevention in Sports?” Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics4: 69–85.
  • MostonS., T.Engelberg, and J.Skinner. 2014a. “Athletes' and Coaches' Perceptions of Deterrents to Performance-Enhancing Drug Use.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. doi:10.1080/19406940.2014.936960.
  • MostonS., T.Engelberg, and J.Skinner. 2014b. “Self-fulfilling Prophecy and the Future of Doping.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.02.004.
  • MøllerV.2009. Løgn over løgn. Om Michael Rasmussens Tour de France-exit [Lie upon Lie. On the Expulsion of Michal Rasmussen from the Tour de France]. Copenhagen: People's Press.
  • MøllerV.2011. The Scapegoat. About the Expulsion of Michal Rasmussen from the Tour de France 2007 and Beyond. Copenhagen: People's Press.
  • O'DonnellT., J.Mazanov, and T.Huybers. 2006. “Towards a Choice Model of Athletes' Decision to Use Performance Enhancing Substances or Methods: Factors and Covariates.” ACSPRI social science Methodology Conference 2006, methods for investigating performance enhancing drug use stream, at The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. http://old.acspri.org.au/conference2006/proceedings/streams/ODonnell%20Mazanov%20Huybers%20paper.pdf.
  • OverbyeM.2013. “Doping og anti-doping i kontekst: En analyse af eliteidrætsudøveres oplevelse af anti-doping policy, betydende faktorer for til- eller fravalg af doping, (u)lovlige præstationsfremmende midler, grænser og dilemmaer [Doping and Anti-doping in Context: An Investigation of Elite Athletes' Experience of Anti-doping Policy, Factors that May Facilitate or Deter Use of Doping, (Il)legal Performance-Enhancing Substances and Methods, Grey Zones and Dilemmas].” PhD diss., Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • OverbyeM., M. L.Knudsen, and G.Pfister. 2013. “To Dope or Not to Dope: Elite Athletes' Perceptions of Doping Deterrents and Incentives.” Performance Enhancement and Health2 (3): 119–134.
  • OverbyeM., and U.Wagner. 2013a. “Between Medical Treatment and Performance Enhancement: An Investigation of How Elite Athletes Experience Therapeutic Use Exemptions.” International Journal of Drug Policy.24 (6): 579–588.
  • OverbyeM., and U.Wagner. 2013b. “Experiences, Attitudes and Trust: An Inquiry into Elite Athletes' Perception of the Whereabouts Reporting System.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2013.791712.
  • PappaE., and E.Kennedy. 2013. “‘It Was My Thought … He Made It a Reality’: Normalization and Responsibility in Athletes' Accounts of Performance-Enhancing Drug Use.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport48 (3): 277–294.
  • PaternosterR.1987. “Deterrent Effect of the Perceived Certainty and Severity of Punishment: A Review of the Evidence and Issues.” Justice Quarterly4 (2): 173–217.
  • PetrócziA., and E. V.Aidman. 2008. “Psychological Drivers in Doping: The Life-Cycle Model of Performance Enhancement.” Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy3: 7.
  • PiffarettiM.2011. Psychological Determinants of Doping Behaviour through the Testimony of Sanctioned Athletes. WADA rapport (online). Lausanne: University of Lausanne. http://www.wada-ama.org/Documents/Education_Awareness/SocialScienceResearch/Funded_Research_Projects/Learning%20about%20determinants%20M.PIFFARETTI%20Final%20report%206.2011(def).pdf.
  • PitschW., and E.Emrich. 2012. “The Frequency of Doping in Elite Sport: Results of a Replication Study.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport47: 559–580.
  • RuppT.2008. Meta Analysis of Crime and Deterrence: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Norderstedt: Books on Demand. Accessed May 10, 2013. http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/1054/2/rupp_diss.pdf.
  • SiekmannR. C. R., and J. W.Soek. 2010. The Implementation of the WADA Code in the European Union. The Haag: T.M.C. Asser Instituut. Accessed March 1, 2014. http://www.dopinglijn.be/fileadmin/media/Asserstudie/rapportAsserstudie_EN.pdf.
  • SkinnerJ., S.Moston, and T.Engelberg. 2011a. “Athletes' and Coaches' Attitudes about Drugs in Sport.” Report prepared for the Department of Health and Ageing, Australia.
  • SkinnerJ., S.Moston, and T.Engelberg. 2011b. “The Final Frontier of Anti-doping: A Study of Athletes Who Have Committed Doping Violations.” Report prepared for the Department of Health and Ageing, Australia.
  • StormR., and L.Toft-Jørgensen. 2013. “Elitesportsmiljøet i Danmark 2012. Analyse af det danske eliteidrætsmiljø baseret på undersøgelsen ‘Sport Policy Factors Leading to International Sporting Success’ (SPLISS).” Report, Danish Institute for Sports Studies, Copenhagen, April.
  • StrelanP., and R. J.Boeckmann. 2003. “A New Model for Understanding Performance-Enhancing Drug Use by Elite Athletes.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology15: 176–183.
  • StrelanP., and R. J.Boeckmann. 2006. “Why Drug Testing in Elite Sport Does Not Work: Perceptual Deterrence Theory and the Role of Personal Moral Beliefs.” Journal of applied social psychology36: 2909–2934.
  • StriegelH., R.Ulrich, and P.Simon. 2010. “Randomised Response Estimates for Doping and Illicit Drug Use in Elite Athletes.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence106: 230–232.
  • StriegelH., G.Vollkommer, and H. H.Dickhuth. 2002. “Combating Drug Use in Competitive Sport. An Analysis from the Athletes' Perspective.” Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness42: 354–359.
  • Team Danmark. 2010. “An English Introduction to the Danish Elite Sport Organization.” http://www.teamdanmark.dk/∼/media/Team%20Danmark/Media%20Archive/Documents/Forside/Udgivelser/Diverse/English%20introduction.pdf.
  • USADA. 2012. “Reasoned Decision of the United States Anti-Doping Agency on Disqualification and Ineligibility.” Report on proceedings under the World Anti-Doping Code and the USADA protocol. United States Anti-doping Agency Claimant, v. Lance Armstrong, Respondent. United States Anti-Doping Agency. Accessed May 10, 2013.
  • WADA. 2009. World Anti-Doping Code 2009. Montreal: World Anti-Doping Agency. Accessed May 10, 2013. http://www.wada-ama.org/Documents/World_Anti-Doping_Program/WADP-The-Code/WADA_Anti-Doping_CODE_2009_EN.pdf.
  • WADA. 2013. Social Science Research. Accessed May 2, 2013. http://www.wada-ama.org/en/Education-Awareness/Social-Science/.
  • WADA. 2014. WADA Anti-Doping Code 2015. Montreal: World Anti-Doping Agency. Accessed February 20, 2014. http://www.wada-ama.org/Documents/World_Anti-Doping_Program/WADP-The-Code/Code_Review/Code%20Review%202015/Code%20Final%20Draft/WADA-2015-WADC-Final-EN.pdf.
  • WaddingtonI., D.Malcolm, M.Roderick, and R.Naik. 2005. “Drug Use in English Professional Football.” British Journal of Sports Medicine39: 4.
  • WaddingtonI., and A.Smith. 2009. An Introduction to Drugs in Sport. Addicted to Winning?Oxon: Routledge.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.