Inside the locker room: a qualitative study of coaches’ anti-doping knowledge, beliefs and attitudes

References

• Anderson, J. 2013. “Doping, Sport and the Law: Time for Repeal of Prohibition?” International Journal of Law in Context 9 (02): 135–159. doi:10.1017/S1744552313000050.
   Google Scholar
• Arthur, S., and J. Nazroo. 2003. “Designing Fieldwork Strategies and Materials.” In Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers, edited by J. Ritchie and J. Lewis, 109–137. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Crime Commission, A. 2013. Organised Crime and Drugs in Sport in Australia. Canberra: Australian Government.
   Google Scholar
• Backhouse, S. H., and J. McKenna. 2012. “Reviewing Coaches’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs regarding Doping in Sport.” International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 7 (1): 167–175. doi:10.1260/1747-9541.7.1.167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barkoukis, V., L. Lazuras, H. Tsorbatzoudis, and A. Rodafinos. 2013. “Motivational and Social Cognitive Predictors of Doping Intentions in Elite Sports: An Integrated Approach.” Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 23 (5): e330–e340. doi:10.1111/sms.12068.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blatter, J. S. 2006. “FIFA’s Commitment to Doping Free Football.” British Journal of Sports Medicine 40: i1. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2006.027789.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bringer, J. D., C. H. Brackenridge, and L. H. Johnston. 2002. “Defining Appropriateness in Coach-athlete Sexual Relationships: The Voice of Coaches.” Journal of Sexual Aggression 8 (2): 83–98. doi:10.1080/13552600208413341.
   Google Scholar
• Brissonneau, C., and F. Ohl. 2010. “The Genesis and Effect of French Anti-doping Policies in Cycling.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 2 (2): 173–187. doi:10.1080/19406940.2010.488063.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, D., and B. Crabtree. 2006. Qualitative Research Guidelines Project. http://www.qualres.org/HomeTheo-3806.html.
   Google Scholar
• Dimeo, P., J. Allen, J. Taylor, L. Robinson, and S. Dixon. 2012. Team Dynamics and Doping in Sport: A Risk or a Protective Factor? Montreal: WADA.
   Google Scholar
• Donahue, E. G., P. Miquelon, P. Valois, C. Goulet, A. Buist, and R. J. Vallerand. 2006. “A Motivational Model of Performance-enhancing Substance Use in Elite Athletes.” Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 28 (4): 511–520.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan, R. J., G. Egger, V. Kapernick, and J. Mendoza. 2002. A Conceptual Framework for Achieving Performance Enhancing Drug Compliance in Sport. Sports Medicine, 32 (4): 269–284.10.2165/00007256-200232040-00005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engelberg, T., and S. Moston. 2015. Publication Trends in the Social Science Literature on Doping in Sport (2000–2014). Report. Cairns: James Cook University.
   Google Scholar
• Engelberg, T., S. Moston, B. Hutchinson, and J. Skinner. 2014. Review of Social Science Anti-doping Literature and Recommendations for Action. Gold Coast: Griffith University.
   Google Scholar
• Engelberg, T., S. Moston, and J. Skinner. 2015. “The Final Frontier of Anti-doping: A Study of Athletes Who Have Committed Doping Violations.” Sport Management Review 18 (2): 268–279. doi:10.1016/j.smr.2014.06.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engelberg, T., J. Skinner, and D. Zakus. 2014. “What Does Commitment Mean to Volunteers in Youth Sport Organizations?” Sport in Society 17 (1): 52–67. doi:10.1080/17430437.2013.828900.
   Google Scholar
• Erdman, K. A., T. S. Fung, P. K. Doyle-Baker, M. J. Verhoef, and R. A. Reimer. 2007. “Dietary Supplementation of High-performance Canadian Athletes by Age and Gender.” Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 17 (6): 458–464.10.1097/JSM.0b013e31815aed33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fjeldheim, T. B. 1992. “Sports Instructors and Sports Leaders: Attitudes toward Doping in Sports.” Collegium Anthropoligicum 16 (2): 343–348.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fung, L., and Y. Yuan. 2006. “Performance Enhancement Drugs: Knowledge, Attitude and Intended Behavior among Community Coaches in Hong Kong”. The Sport Journal, 9 (3). http://thesportjournal.org/article/tag/volume_3_number_1/page/10/.
   Google Scholar
• Golshanraz, A., L. Same-Siahkalroodi, and L. Poor-Kazem. 2013. “Doping and Supplement: The Attitude of Iranian National Team Coaches.” British Journal of Sports Medicine 47 (10): e3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gucciardi, D. F., G. Jalleh, and R. J. Donovan. 2010. “Does Social Desirability Influence the Relationship between Doping Attitudes and Doping Susceptibility in Athletes?” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 11 (6): 479–486. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2010.06.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauw, D., and M. McNamee. 2014. “A Critical Analysis of Three Psychological Research Programs of Doping Behaviour”. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 16 (2): 140–148. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.03.010.
   Google Scholar
• Henne, K., B. Koh, and V. McDermott. 2013. “Coherence of Drug Policy in Sports: Illicit Inclusions and Illegal Inconsistencies.” Performance Enhancement & Health 2 (2): 48–55. doi:10.1016/j.peh.2013.05.003.
   Google Scholar
• Judge, L. W., D. Bellar, J. Petersen, E. Gilreath, and E. Wanless. 2010. “Taking Strides toward Prevention-based Deterrence: USATF Coaches Perceptions of PED Use and Drug Testing.” Journal of Coaching Education 3 (3): 56–71.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, J., S. K. Kang, H. S. Jung, Y. S. Chun, J. Trilk, and S. H. Jung. 2011. “Dietary Supplementation Patterns of Korean Olympic Athletes Participating in the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympic Games.” International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 21 (2): 166–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkwood, K. 2012. “Defensive Doping: Is There a Moral Justification for ‘If You Can’t Beat ‘Em—Join Em?’.” Journal of Sport & Social Issues 36 (2): 223–228. doi:10.1177/0193723512437350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laure, P., F. Thouvenin, and T. Lecerf. 2001. “Attitudes of Coaches towards Doping.” The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 41 (1): 132–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malcolm, D., and I. Waddington. 2008. “‘No Systematic Doping in Football’: A Critical Review.” Soccer & Society 9 (2): 198–214.
   Google Scholar
• Mendoza, J. 2002. “The War on Drugs in Sport: A Perspective from the Front-line.” Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 12 (4): 254–258. doi:10.1097/01.jsm.0000022724.57614.f2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran, A., S. Guerin, K. Kirby, and T. MacIntyre. 2008. The Development and Validation of a Doping Attitudes and Behaviour Scale. Ulster: University of Ulster.
   Google Scholar
• Morente-Sánchez, J., and M. Zabala. 2013. “Doping in Sport: A Review of Elite Athletes’ Attitudes, Beliefs, and Knowledge.” Sports Medicine 43 (6): 395–411. doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0037-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, D. L., and R. A. Krueger. 1993. “When to Use Focus Groups and Why.” In Successful Focus Groups: Advancing the State of the Art, edited by D. L. Morgan, 3–19. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Moston, S., T. Engelberg, and J. Skinner. 2014. “Athletes’ and Coaches’ Perceptions of Deterrents to Performance Enhancing Drug Use”. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, forthcoming. doi:10.1080/19406940.2014.936960.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moston, S., T. Engelberg, and J. Skinner. 2015a. “Perceived Incidence of Drug Use in Australian Sport: A Survey of Athletes and Coaches.” Sport in Society 18 (1): 91–105. doi:10.1080/17430437.2014.927867.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moston, S., T. Engelberg, and J. Skinner. 2015b. “Self-fulfilling Prophecy and the Future of Doping.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 16 (2): 201–207. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.02.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ntoumanis, N., Y. Johan, Y. Ng, V. Barkoukis, and S. H. Backhouse. 2014. “Personal and Psychosocial Predictors of Doping Use in Physical Activity Settings: A Meta-analysis.” Sports Medicine 44 (11): 1603–1624. doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0240-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohl, F., B. Fincoeur, V. Lentillon-Kaestner, J. Defrance, and C. Brissonneau. 2013. “The Socialization of Young Cyclists and the Culture of Doping.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport. doi:10.1177/1012690213495534.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Overbye, M., M. L. Knudsen, and G. Pfister. 2013. “To Dope or Not to Dope: Elite Athletes’ Perceptions of Doping Deterrents and Incentives.” Performance Enhancement & Health 2 (3): 119–134. doi:10.1016/j.peh.2013.07.001.
   Google Scholar
• Pedersen, I. K. 2010. “Doping and the Perfect Body Expert: Social and Cultural Indicators of Performance-enhancing Drug Use in Danish Gyms.” Sport in Society 13 (3): 503–516. doi:10.1080/17430431003588184.
   Google Scholar
• Peters, C., T. Schulz, R. Oberhoffer, and H. Michna. 2009. “Doping and Doping Prevention: Knowledge, Attitudes and Expectations of Athletes and Coaches.” Deutsche Zeitschrift Fur Sportmedizin 60 (3): 73–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters, C., P. J. Selg, T. Schulz, H. Pabst, and H. Michna. 2007. “Doping from the Sports Physicians’ Point of View: Experiences from German Team Physicians and Bavarian Sports Physicians.” Deutsche Zeitschrift Fur Sportmedizin 58 (6): 160–177.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitsch, W., and E. Emrich. 2011. “The Frequency of Doping in Elite Sport: Results of a Replication Study.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport 47 (5): 559–580. doi:10.1177/1012690211413969.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitsch, W., E. Emrich, and M. Klein. 2007. “Doping in Elite Sports in Germany: Results of a www Survey.” European Journal for Sport and Society 4 (2): 89–102.
   Google Scholar
• Probert, A., and S. Leberman. 2009. “The Value of the Dark Side: An Insight into the Risks and Benefits of Engaging in Health-compromising Practices from the Perspective of Competitive Bodybuilders.” European Sport Management Quarterly 9 (4): 353–373. doi:10.1080/16184740903331838.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritchie, J., L. Spencer, and W. O’Connor. 2003. “Carrying out Qualitative Analysis.” In Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers, edited by J. Ritchie and J. Lewis, 219–262. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, S. 2007. “Drugs in Sport: A Cure Worse than the Disease? A Commentary.” International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 2 (4): 363–368. doi:10.1260/174795407783359713.
   Google Scholar
• Rushall, B. S., and M. Jones. 2007. “Drugs in Sport: A Cure Worse than the Disease?” International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 2 (4): 335–361. doi:10.1260/174795407783359722.
   Google Scholar
• Scarpino, V., A. Arrigo, G. Benzi, S. Garattini, C. La Vecchia, L. R. Bernadi, G. Silvestrni, and G. Tuccimei. 1990. “Evaluation of Prevalence of “Doping” among Italian Athletes.” The Lancet 336: 1048–1050.10.1016/0140-6736(90)92502-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shields, D. L., and B. L. Bredemeier. 2007. “Can Sports Build Character?” In Essential Readings in Sport and Exercise Psychology, edited by D. Smith and M. Bar-Eli, 423–432. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, A., B. Stewart, S. Oliver-Bennetts, S. McDonald, L. Ingerson, A. Anderson, … Geoff Dickson. 2010. “Contextual Influences and Athlete Attitudes to Drugs in Sport.” Sport Management Review 13 (3): 181–197.10.1016/j.smr.2010.01.008
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, B., and A. Smith. 2010. “Player and Athlete Attitudes to Drugs in Australian Sport: Implications for Policy Development.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 2 (1): 65–84. doi:10.1080/19406941003634040.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, B., and A. Smith. 2014. Rethinking Drug Use in Sport: Why the War Will Never Be Won. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan, P. J., D. L. Feltz, K. LaForge-MacKenzie, and S. Hwang. 2015. “The Preliminary Development and Validation of the Doping Confrontation Efficacy Scale.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 16 (2): 182–190. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.04.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WADA. 2003. World Anti-doping Code. Montreal: WADA. http://www.wada-ama.org.
   Google Scholar
• WADA. 2009. World Anti-doping Code. Montreal: WADA. http://www.wada-ama.org/.
   Google Scholar
• WADA. 2015. World Anti-doping Code 2015. Montreal: WADA. http://www.wada-ama.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Waddington, I., D. Malcolm, M. Roderick, and R. Naik. 2005. “Drug Use in English Professional Football.” British Journal of Sports Medicine 39 (4): e18. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2004.012468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar