Becoming an Ironman triathlete. Extreme exercise, gender equality and the family puzzle

References

• Andreasson, J., and T. Johansson. 2016. “Global Narratives of Fatherhood. Fathering and Masculinity on the Internet.” International Review of Sociology. Published online: June 17, 2016. doi: 10.1080/03906701.2016.1191245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connell, R. W. 1995. Masculinities. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, R. W. 2000. The Men and the Boys. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cronan, M. K., and D. Scott. 2008. “Triathlon and Women’s Narratives of Bodies and Sport.” Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal 30 (1): 17–34. doi:10.1080/01490400701544675.10.1080/01490400701544675
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dionigi, R. A., J. Fraser-Thomas, and J. Logan. 2012. “The Nature of Family Influences on Sport Participation in Masters Athletes.” Annals of Leisure Research 15 (4): 366–388. doi:10.1080/11745398.2012.744274.10.1080/11745398.2012.744274
   Google Scholar
• Drummond, M. J. 2002. “Sport and Images of Masculinity: The Meaning of Relationships in the Life Course of ‘elite’ Male Athletes.” The Journal of Men’s Studies 10 (2): 129–141. doi:10.3149/jms.1002.129.10.3149/jms.1002.129
   Google Scholar
• Eckert, P., and S. McConnell-Ginet. 1992. “Think Practically and Look Locally: Language and Gender as Community-based Practice.” Annual Review of Anthropology 21: 461–488. doi:10.1146/annurev.an.21.100192.002333.10.1146/annurev.an.21.100192.002333
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eydal, G. B., and T. Rostgaard. 2016. Fatherhood in the Nordic Welfare States Comparing Care Policies and Practice. Bristol: Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fangen, K. 2005. Deltagande observation [Participant Observation]. Malmö: Liber.
   Google Scholar
• Frick, B. 2011. “Gender Differences in Competitive Orientations: Empirical Evidence from Ultramarathon Running.” Journal of Sports Economics 12 (3): 317–340. doi:10.1177/1527002511404784.10.1177/1527002511404784
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giddens, A. 1992. The Transformation of Intimacy. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gillespie, D. L., A. Leffler, and E. Lerner. 2002. “If It Weren’t for My Hobby, I’d Have a Life: Dog Sports, Serious Leisure and Boundary Negotiations.” Leisure Sciences 21 (3/4): 285–304. doi:10.1080/0261436022000030632.10.1080/0261436022000030632
   Google Scholar
• Glasser, Barney G., and Anselm L. Strauss. 1967. The Discovery of Grounded Theory. Chicago, IL: Aldine.
   Google Scholar
• Granskog, J. 1992. “Tri-ing Together. An Exploratory Analysis of the Social Networks of Female and Male Triathletes.” Play and Culture 5: 76–91.
   Google Scholar
• Granskog, J. 1993. “In Search of the Ultimate. Ritual Aspects of the Hawaiian Ironman Triathlon.” Journal of Ritual Studies 7 (1): 3–25.
   Google Scholar
• Granskog J. 2003. “Just ‘Tri’ and ‘Du’ It. The Variable Impact of Female Involvement in the Triathlon/Duathlon Sport Culture.” In Athletic Intruders. Ethnographic Research on Women, Culture, and Exercise, edited by A. Bolin and J. Granskog, 27–52. Albany: State University of New York Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hambrick, M., J. Simmons, and T. Mahoney. 2013. “An Inquiry into the Perceptions of Leisure-Work-Family Conflict among Female Ironman Participants.” International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing 13 (3/4): 173–199. doi:10.1504/IJSMM.2013.059719.10.1504/IJSMM.2013.059719
   Google Scholar
• Jamieson, L. 1998. Intimacy. Personal Relationship in Modern Societies. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Johansson, T., and R. Klinth. 2008. “Caring Fathers. The Ideology of Gender Equality and Masculine Positions.” Men and Masculinities 11: 42–62. doi:10.1177/1097184X06291899.10.1177/1097184X06291899
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klinth, R., and T. Johansson. 2010. Nya svenska fäder [New Swedish Fathers]. Umeå: Boréa förlag.
   Google Scholar
• Kusz, K. 2007. Revolt of the White Athlete. Race, Media and the Emergence of Extreme Athletes in America. New York: Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Kvale, S., and S. Brinkmann. 2009. Interviews. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lamont, M., and M. Kennelly. 2012. “A Qualitative Exploration of Participant Motives among Committed Amateur Triathletes.” Leisure Sciences 34 (3): 236–255. doi:10.1080/01490400.2012.669685.10.1080/01490400.2012.669685
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurendeau, J., and N. Sharara. 2008. “‘Women could be every bit as good as guys’. Reproduction and Resistant Agency in Two ‘action’ Sports.” Journal of Sport & Social Issues 32 (1): 24–47. doi:10.1177/0193723507307819.10.1177/0193723507307819
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Breton, D. 2000. “Playing Symbolically with Death in Extreme Sports.” Body & Society 6 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1177/1357034X00006001001.10.1177/1357034X00006001001
   Google Scholar
• Lupton, D., and L. Barclay. 1997. Constructing Fatherhood. Discourses and Experiences. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• McCarville, R. 2007. “From a Fall in the Mall to a Run in the Sun: One Journey to Ironman Triathlon.” Leisure Sciences 29 (2): 159–173. doi:10.1080/01490400601160812.10.1080/01490400601160812
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miloch, K., and K. Lambrecht. 2006. “Consumer Awareness of Sponsorship at Grassroots Sport Events.” Sport Marketing Quarterly 15 (3): 147–154.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, D. H. J. 1996. Family Connections. An Introduction to Family Studies. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, D. H. J. 2011. Rethinking Family Practices. New York: Palgrave. doi:10.1057/9780230304680.10.1057/9780230304680
   Google Scholar
• Nomaguchi, K. M., and S. M. Bianchi. 2004. “Exercise Time: Gender Differences in the Effects of Marriage, Parenthood, and Employment.” Journal of Marriage and Family 66 (2): 413–430. doi:10.1111/jomf.2004.66.issue-2.10.1111/jomf.2004.66.issue-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pink, S. 2009. Doing Sensor Ethnography. London: Sage. doi:10.4135/9781446249383.10.4135/9781446249383
   Google Scholar
• Ruseski, J. E., B. R. Humphreys, K. Hallman, and C. Breuer. 2011. “Family Structure, Time Constraints, and Sport Participation.” European Review of Aging and Physical Activity 8 (2): 57–66. doi:10.1007/s11556-011-0084-y.10.1007/s11556-011-0084-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheppler, B. 2002. The Ironman Triathlon. New York: Rosen Publishing Group.
   Google Scholar
• Simmons, J., T. Mahoney, and M. Hambrick. 2016. “Leisure, Work, and Family: How IronMEN Balance the Demands of Three Resource-intensive Roles.” Leisure Sciences 38 (3): 232–248. doi:10.1080/01490400.2015.1092402.10.1080/01490400.2015.1092402
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stalp, M. C., and R. Conti. 2011. “Serious Leisure in the Home: Professional Quilters Negotiate Family Space.” Gender, Work & Organization 18 (4): 399–414. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0432.2009.00444.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taniguchi, H., and F. L. Shupe. 2014. “Gender and Family Status Differences in Leisure-time Sports/Fitness Participation.” International Review for the Sociology of Sports 49 (1): 65–84. doi:10.1177/1012690212454762.10.1177/1012690212454762
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheaton, B. 2004. Understanding Lifestyle Sports. Consumption, Identity and Difference. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Wheaton, B. 2013. The Cultural Politics of Lifestyle Sports. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• WTC. 2016. The Ironman Story [Web Page]. World Triathlon Corporation. Accessed October 21. http://eu.ironman.com/triathlon/history.aspx#axzz4NhkNLmnf
   Google Scholar