563
Views
30
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Computer-aided design and manufacturing of surgical templates and their clinical applications: a review

, , , , &
Pages 853-864 | Received 26 Oct 2015, Accepted 27 Jul 2016, Published online: 12 Aug 2016

References

  • Schneider D, Marquardt P, Zwahlen M, et al. A systematic review on the accuracy and the clinical outcome of computer-guided template-based implant dentistry. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2009;20:73–86.
  • Flügge TV, Nelson K, Schmelzeisen R, et al. Three-dimensional plotting and printing of an implant drilling guide: simplifying guided implant surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;71:1340–1346.
  • Kühl S, Payer M, Zitzmann NU, et al. Technical accuracy of printed surgical templates for guided implant surgery with the coDiagnostiX™ software. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015;17 Suppl 1:e177–e182.
  • Blakeney WG, Day R, Cusick L, et al. Custom osteotomy guides for resection of a pelvic chondrosarcoma. Acta Orthop. 2014;85:438–441.
  • Fu J, Guo Z, Wang Z, et al. Use of four kinds of three-dimensional printing guide plate in bone tumor resection and reconstruction operation. Chin J Reparative Reconstr Surg. 2014;28:304–308.
  • Ciocca L, Fantini M, Crescenzio FD, et al. Computer-aided design and manufacturing construction of a surgical template for craniofacial implant positioning to support a definitive nasal prosthesis. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2011;22:850–856.
  • Lu S, Xu YQ, Chen GP, et al. Efficacy and accuracy of a novel rapid prototyping drill template for cervical pedicle screw placement. Comput Aided Surg. 2011;16:240–248.
  • Goffin J, Brussel KV, Martens K, et al. Three-dimensional computed tomography-based, personalized drill guide for posterior cervical stabilization at C1-C2. Spine. 2001;26:1343–1347.
  • Lu S, Xu YQ, Zhang YZ, et al. A novel computer-assisted drill guide template for lumbar pedicle screw placement: a cadaveric and clinical study. Int J Med Robotics Comput Assist Surg. 2009;5:184–191.
  • Merc M, Drstvensek I, Vogrin M, et al. A multi-level rapid prototyping drill guide template reduces the perforation risk of pedicle screw placement in the lumbar and sacral spine. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2013;133:893–899.
  • Unnanuntana A, Wagner D, Goodman SB. The accuracy of preoperative templating in cementless total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2009;24:180–185.
  • Chen B, Zhang YZ, Xiao SX, et al. Personalized image-based templates for iliosacral screw insertions: a pilot study. Int J Med Robotics Comput Assist Surg. 2012;8:476–482.
  • Krishnan SP, Dawood A, Richards R, et al. A review of rapid prototyped surgical guides for patient-specific total knee replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012;94-B:1457–1461.
  • Hsu AR, Gross CE, Bhatia S, et al. Template-directed instrumentation in total knee arthroplasty: cost savings analysis. Orthopedics. 2012;35:e1596–e1600.
  • Cassetta M, Pandolfi S, Giansanti M. Minimally invasive corticotomy in orthodontics: a new technique using a CAD/CAM surgical template. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;44:830–833.
  • Ramasamy M, Giri G, Raja R, et al. Implant surgical guides: from the past to the present. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2013;5:S98–S102.
  • Lal K, White GS, Morea DN, et al. Use of stereolithographic templates for surgical and prosthodontic implant planning and placement. Part I. The concept. J Prosthodont. 2006;15:51–58.
  • Lal K, White GS, Morea DN, et al. Use of stereolithographic templates for surgical and prosthodontic implant planning and placement. Part II. A clinical report. J Prosthodont. 2006;15:117–122.
  • Burge J, Saber NR, Looi T, et al. Application of CAD/CAM prefabricated age-matched templates in cranio-orbital remodeling in craniosynostosis. J Craniofac Surg. 2011;22:1810–1813.
  • Soleman J, Thieringer F, Beinemann J, et al. Computer-assisted virtual planning and surgical template fabrication for frontoorbital advancement. Neurosurg Focus. 2015;38:E5.
  • Chen XJ, Yuan JB, Wang CT, et al. Modular preoperative planning software for computer-aided oral implantology and the application of a novel stereolithographic template: a pilot study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2010;12:181–193.
  • Pesun IJ, Gardner FM. Fabrication of a guide for radiographic evaluation and surgical placement of implants. J Prosthet Dent. 1995;73:548–552.
  • Fazlollahi A, Dowson N, Meriaudeau F, et al. Automatic brain tumour segmentation in 18F-FDOPA PET using PET/MRI fusion. 2011 International Conference on Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications (DICTA); 2011; Noosa, Australia. p. 325–329.
  • Lázár I, Hajdu A. Segmentation of retinal vessels by means of directional response vector similarity and region growing. Comput Biol Med. 2015;66:209–221.
  • Vincent L, Soille P. Watersheds in digital spaces: an efficient algorithm based on immersion simulations. IEEE PAMI. 1990;1:583–597.
  • Zhao J, Ji G, Qiang Y, et al. A new method of detecting pulmonary nodules with PET/CT based on an improved watershed algorithm. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0123694.
  • Sermesant M, Forest C, Pennec X, et al. Deformable biomechanical models: application to 4D cardiac image analysis. Med Image Anal. 2003;7:475–488.
  • Osher S, Fedkiw RP. Level set methods: an overview and some recent results. J Comput Phys. 2001;169:463–502.
  • Besag J. On the statistical analysis of dirty pictures. J R Statist Soc. 1986;48:259–302.
  • Imelińska C, Downes MS, Yuan W. Semi-automated color segmentation of anatomical tissue. Comput Med Imaging Graphics. 2000;24:173–180.
  • Udupa JK, Samarasekera S. Fuzzy connectedness and object definition: theory, algorithms, and applications in image segmentation. Graph Models Image Processing. 1996;58:246–261.
  • Bauer S, Nolte LP, Reyes M. Fully automatic segmentation of brain tumor images using support vector machine classification in combination with hierarchical conditional random field regularization. MICCAI 2011 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention, Part III; 2011; Toronto, Canada. p. 354–361.
  • Pavliha D, Mušič MM, Serša G, et al. Electroporation-based treatment planning for deep-seated tumors based on automatic liver segmentation of MRI images. PLoS One. 2013;8:e69068.
  • Jacquin AE. Image coding based on a fractal theory of iterated contractive image transformations. IEEE Trans Image Process. 1992;1:18–30.
  • Meyer F, Beucher S. Morphological segmentation. J Vis Commun Image Represent. 1990;1:21–46.
  • Besl PJ, Mckay HD. A method for registration of 3-D shapes. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell. 1992;14:239–256.
  • Wells WM III, Viola P, Atsumi H, et al. Multi-modal volume registration by maximization of mutual information. Med Image Anal. 1996;1:35–51.
  • Dhawan AP, Arata LK, Levy AV, et al. Iterative principal axes registration method for analysis of MR-PET brain images. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1995;42:1079–1087.
  • Zhou YF, Leung H, Yip PC. An exact maximum likelihood registration algorithm for data fusion. IEEE Trans Signal Process. 1997;45:1560–1573.
  • Reddy BS, Chatterji BN. An FFT-based technique for translation, rotation, and scale-invariant image registration. IEEE Trans Image Process. 1996;5:1266–1271.
  • Liu J, Vemuri BC, Marroquin JL. Local frequency representations for robust multimodal image registration. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2002;21:462–469.
  • Hu YP, Ahmed HU, Taylor Z, et al. MR to ultrasound registration for image-guided prostate interventions. Med Image Anal. 2012;16:687–703.
  • Zitová B, Flusser J. Image registration methods: a survey. Image Vis Comput. 2003;21:977–1000.
  • Marescaux J, Diana M. Next step in minimally invasive surgery: hybrid image-guided surgery. J Pediatr Surg. 2015;50:30–36.
  • Richards MS, Doyley MM. Non-rigid image registration based strain estimator for intravascular ultrasound elastography. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2013;39:515–533.
  • Marami B, Sirouspour S, Capson DW. Non-rigid registration of medical images based on estimation of deformation states. Phys Med Biol. 2014;59:6891–6921.
  • Santos J, Chaudhari AJ, Joshi AA, et al. Non-rigid registration of serial dedicated breast CT, longitudinal dedicated breast CT and PET/CT images using the diffeomorphic demons method. Phys Med. 2014;30:713–717.
  • Rivaz H, Collins DL. Near real-time robust non-rigid registration of volumetric ultrasound images for neurosurgery. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2015;41:574–587.
  • Cleary K, Peters TM. Image-guided interventions: technology review and clinical applications. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2010;12:119–142.
  • Lorensen WE, Cline HE. Marching cubes: a high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm. Comput Graph. 1987;21:163–169.
  • Che LS, Herman GT, Reynolds RA, et al. Surface shading in the cuberille environment. IEEE Comput Graph Appl. 1985;5:33–43.
  • Schmidt KE, Lee MA. Implementing the fast multipole method in three dimensions. J Stat Phys. 1991;63:1223–1235.
  • Ray H, Pfister H, Silver D, et al. Ray casting architectures for volume visualization. IEEE Trans Visual Computer Graphics. 1999;5:210–223.
  • Laur D, Hanrahan P. Hierarchical splatting: a progressive refinement algorithm for volume rendering. Comput Graph. 1991;25:285–288.
  • Lacroute P, Levoy M. Fast volume rendering using a shear-warp factorization of the viewing transformation. SIGGRAPH’ 94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques; 1994; Orlando, FL. p. 451–458.
  • Abdellah M, Eldeib A, Sharawi A. High performance GPU-based Fourier volume rendering. Int J Biomed Imaging. 2015;2015:590727.
  • Pelt R, Vilanova A, Wetering H. Illustrative volume visualization using GPU-based particle systems. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. 2010;16:571–582.
  • Schlegel P, Makhinya M, Pajarola R. Extinction-based shading and illumination in GPU volume ray-casting. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. 2011;17:1795–1802.
  • Nelson B, Kirby RM, Haimes R. GPU-based volume visualization from high-order finite element fields. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. 2014;20:70–83.
  • Liu BQ, Clapworthy GJ, Dong F, et al. Octree rasterization: accelerating high-quality out-of-core GPU volume rendering. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. 2013;19:1732–1745.
  • Chen XJ, Ye M, Lin YP, et al. Image guided oral implantology and its application in the placement of zygoma implants. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2009;93:162–173.
  • Vasak C, Strbac GD, Huber CD, et al. Evaluation of three different validation procedures regarding the accuracy of template-guided implant placement: an in vitro study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015;17:142–149.
  • Platzer S, Bertha G, Heschl A, et al. Three-dimensional accuracy of guided implant placement: indirect assessment of clinical outcomes. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2013;15:724–734.
  • Balshi SF, Wolfinger GJ, Balshi TJ. Surgical planning and prosthesis construction using computer tomography, CAD/CAM technology, and the Internet for immediate loading of dental implants. J Esthetic Restor Dent. 2006;18:312–325.
  • Kupeyan HK, Shaffner M, Armstrong J. Definitive CAD/CAM-guided prosthesis for immediate loading of bone-grafted maxilla: a case report. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2006;8:161–167.
  • Vasak C, Watzak G, Gahleitner A, et al. Computed tomography-based evaluation of template (NobelGuideTM)-guided implant positions: a prospective radiological study. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2011;22:1157–1163.
  • Mischkowski RA, Zinser MJ, Neugebauer J, et al. Comparison of static and dynamic computer-assisted guidance methods in implantology. Int J Comput Dent. 2006;9:23–35.
  • Boonen B, Schotanus MGM, Kort NP. Preliminary experience with the patient-specific templating total knee arthroplasty. Acta Orthop. 2012;83:387–393.
  • Yang Y, Chen X. Development of a surgical template design software for computer-aided oral implantology. Int J CARS. 2014;9:S245–S248.
  • Zhang YZ, Chen B, Lu S, et al. Preliminary application of computer-assisted patient-specific acetabular navigational template for total hip arthroplasty in adult single development dysplasia of the hip. Int J Med Robotics Comput Assist Surg. 2011;7:469–474.
  • Hu Y, Yuan Z, Spiker WR, et al. Deviation analysis of C2 translaminar screw placement assisted by a novel rapid prototyping drill template: a cadaveric study. Eur Spine J. 2013;22:2770–2776.
  • Hirao M, Ikemoto S, Tsuboi H, et al. Computer assisted planning and custom-made surgical guide for malunited pronation deformity after first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis in rheumatoid arthritis: a case report. Comput Aided Surg. 2014;19:13–19.
  • Li B, Zhang L, Sun H, et al. A novel method of computer aided orthognathic surgery using individual CAD/CAM templates: a combination of osteotomy and repositioning guides. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;51:e239–e244.
  • Jabero M, Sarment DP. Advanced surgical guidance technology: a review. Implant Dent. 2006;2:135–142.
  • Anastasiou A, Tsirmpas C, Rompas A, et al. 3D printing: basic concepts mathematics and technologies. 2013 IEEE 13th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE); 2013; Chania, Greece.
  • Ventola CL. Medical applications for 3D printing: current and projected uses. P and T. 2014;39:704–711.
  • Lin D, Jin S, Zhang F, et al. 3D stereolithography printing of graphene oxide reinforced complex architectures. Nanotechnology. 2015;26:434003–434012.
  • Bentz RM, Balshi SF. Complete oral rehabilitation with implants using CAD/CAM technology, stereolithography, and conoscopic holography. Implant Dent. 2012;21:8–12.
  • Oyama K, Ditzel Filho LF, Muto J, et al. Endoscopic endonasal cranial base surgery simulation using an artificial cranial base model created by selective laser sintering. Neurosurg Rev. 2015;38:171–178.
  • Bae E-J, Kim H-Y, Kim W-C, et al. In vitro evaluation of the bond strength between various ceramics and cobalt-chromium alloy fabricated by selective laser sintering. J Adv Prosthodont. 2015;7:312–316.
  • Zein I, Hutmacher DW, Tan KC, et al. Fused deposition modeling of novel scaffold architectures for tissue engineering applications. Biomaterials. 2002;23:1169–1185.
  • Gronet PM, Waskewicz GA, Richardson C. Preformed acrylic cranial implants using fused deposition modeling: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent. 2003;90:429–433.
  • Rasooly A, Bruck HA, Kostov Y. An ELISA Lab-on-a-Chip (ELISA-LOC). Methods Mol Biol. 2013;949:451–471.
  • Levy R, Guduri S, Crawford RH. Preliminary experience with selective laser sintering models of the human temporal bone. Am J Neuroradiol. 1994;15:473–477.
  • Marro A, Bandukwala T, Mak W. Three-dimensional printing and medical imaging: a review of the methods and applications. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2016;45:2–9.
  • Andani MT, Moghaddam NS, Haberland C, et al. Metals for bone implants. Part 1. Powder metallurgy and implant rendering. Acta Biomater. 2014;10:4058–4070.
  • Jardini AL, Larosa MA, Filho RM, et al. Cranial reconstruction: 3D biomodel and custom-built implant created using additive manufacturing. J Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surg. 2014;42:1877–1884.
  • Kroonenburgh I, Beerens M, Engel C, et al. Doctor and engineer creating the future for 3D printed custom made implants. DIGITAL_DENTAL.NEWS. 2012;6:60–65.
  • Mangano F, Chambrone L, Noort R, et al. Direct metal laser sintering titanium dental implants: a review of the current literature. Int J Biomater. 2014;2014:461534.
  • Mazzoni S, Marchetti C, Sgarzani R, et al. Prosthetically guided maxillofacial surgery: evaluation of the accuracy of a surgical guide and custom-made bone plate in oncology patients after mandibular reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;131:1376–1385.
  • Cassetta M, Stefanelli LV, Giansanti M, et al. Depth deviation and occurrence of early surgical complications or unexpected events using a single stereolithographic surgi-guide. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;40:1377–1387.
  • Scherer U, Stoetzer M, Ruecker M, et al. Template-guided vs. non-guided drilling in site preparation of dental implants. Clin Oral Invest. 2015;19:1339–1346.
  • Cassetta M, Mambro AD, Giansanti M, et al. How does an error in positioning the template affect the accuracy of implants inserted using a single fixed mucosa-supported stereolithographic surgical guide? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;43:85–92.
  • Cassetta M, Mambro AD, Giansanti M, et al. Is it possible to improve the accuracy of implants inserted with a stereolithographic surgical guide by reducing the tolerance between mechanical components? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;42:887–890.
  • Cassetta M, Mambro AD, Giorgio GD, et al. The influence of the tolerance between mechanical components on the accuracy of implants inserted with a stereolithographic surgical guide: a retrospective clinical study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015;17:580–588.
  • Tricot M, Duy KT, Docquier P-L. 3D-corrective osteotomy using surgical guides for posttraumatic distal humeral deformity. Acta Orthop Belg. 2012;78:538–542.
  • Ganz SD. Presurgical planning with CT-derived fabrication of surgical guides. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;63:59–71.
  • Reich S, Botsis O, Deligiannis P, et al. Fit of surgical guides – manufactured by InLab 3D. Int J Comput Dent. 2007;4:329–337.
  • Schnitman PA. Computer-guided implant dentistry. J Mass Dent Soc. 2007;3:22–24.
  • Rugani P, Kirnbauer B, Arnetzl GV, et al. Cone beam computerized tomography: basics for digital planning in oral surgery and implantology. Int J Comput Dent. 2009;2:131–145.
  • Ganz SD. Defining new paradigms for assessment of implant receptor sites. The use of CT/CBCT and interactive virtual treatment planning for congenitally missing lateral incisors. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2008;5:252–264.
  • Cassetta M, Stefanelli LV, Pacifici A, et al. How accurate is CBCT in measuring bone density? A comparative CBCT-CT in vitro study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2014;16:471–478.
  • Blanchet E, Lucchini J-P, Jenny R, et al. An image-guided system based on custom templates: case reports. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2004;6:40–47.
  • Dobbe JGG, Vroemen JC, Strackee SD, et al. Patient-tailored plate for bone fixation and accurate 3D positioning in corrective osteotomy. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2013;51:19–27.
  • Choi M, Romberg E, Driscoll CF. Effects of varied dimensions of surgical guides on implant angulations. J Prosthet Dent. 2004;92:463–469.
  • Wu FL, Chen XJ, Lin YP, et al. A virtual training system for maxillofacial surgery using advanced haptic feedback and immersive workbench. Int J Med Robotics Comput Assist Surg. 2014;10:78–87.
  • Vercruyssen M, Jacobs R, Van Assche N, et al. The use of CT scan based planning for oral rehabilitation by means of implants and its transfer to the surgical field: a critical review on accuracy. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35:454–474.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.