111
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Heart failure and right ventricular pacing – how to avoid the need for cardiac resynchronization therapy

& ORCID Icon
Pages 35-43 | Received 30 Jul 2018, Accepted 20 Nov 2018, Published online: 04 Dec 2018

References

  • Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update incorporated into the ACCF/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities. Circulation. 2013;127(3):e283–e352.
  • Shaw DB, Kekwick CA, Veale D, et al. Survival in second degree atrioventricular block. Heart. 1985;53(6):587–593.
  • Lamas GA, Orav EJ, Stambler BS, et al. Quality of life and clinical outcomes in elderly patients treated with ventricular pacing as compared with dual-chamber pacing. N Engl J Med. 1998;338(16):1097–1104.
  • Lee MA, Dae MW, Langberg JJ, et al. Effects of long-term right ventricular apical pacing on left ventricular perfusion, innervation, function and histology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;24(1):225–232.
  • Gierula J, Cubbon RM, Jamil HA, et al. Patients with long-term permanent pacemakers have a high prevalence of left ventricular dysfunction. J Cardiovasc Med. 2015;16(11):743–750.
  • Sweeney MO, Hellkamp AS, Ellenbogen KA, et al. Adverse effect of ventricular pacing on heart failure and atrial fibrillation among patients with normal baseline QRS duration in a clinical trial of pacemaker therapy for sinus node dysfunction. Circulation. 2003;107(23):2932–2937.
  • Thackray SD, Witte KK, Nikitin NP, et al. The prevalence of heart failure and asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction in a typical regional pacemaker population. Eur Heart J. 2003;24(12):1143–1152.
  • Zhang XH, Chen H, Siu CW, et al. New‐onset heart failure after permanent right ventricular apical pacing in patients with acquired high‐grade atrioventricular block and normal left ventricular function. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2008;19(2):136–141.
  • Gierula J, Jamil HA, Byrom R, et al. Pacing-associated left ventricular dysfunction? Think reprogramming first! Heart. 2014;100(10):765–769.
  • Nieminen MS, Brutsaert D, Dickstein K, et al. EuroHeart failure survey II (EHFS II): a survey on hospitalized acute heart failure patients: description of population. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(22):2725–2736.
  • Armstrong PW, Stopps TP, Ford SE, et al. Rapid ventricular pacing in the dog: pathophysiologic studies of heart failure. Circulation. 1986;74(5):1075–1084.
  • Wiggers CJ. The muscular reactions of the mammalian ventricles to artificial surface stimuli. Am J Physiol Legacy Content. 1925;73(2):346–378.
  • Heyndrickx GR, Vilaine J, Knight D, et al. Effects of altered site of electrical activation on myocardial performance during inotropic stimulation. Circulation. 1985;71(5):1010–1016.
  • Wilkoff BL, Cook JR, Epstein AE, et al. Dual-chamber pacing or ventricular backup pacing in patients with an implantable defibrillator: the Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) Trial. JAMA. 2002 Dec 25;288(24):3115–3123. PubMed PMID: 12495391.
  • Sweeney MO, Hellkamp AS, Ellenbogen KA, et al. Reduced ejection fraction, sudden cardiac death, and heart failure death in the Mode Selection Trial (MOST): implications for device selection in elderly patients with sinus node disease. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2008;19(11):1160–1166.
  • Lamas G, Lee K, Sweeney M, et al. Mode Selection Trial in sinus-node dysfunction. Ventricular pacing or dual-chamber pacing for sinus-node dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1854–1862.
  • Sweeney MO, Bank AJ, Nsah E, et al. Minimizing ventricular pacing to reduce atrial fibrillation in sinus-node disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(10):1000–1008.
  • Nielsen JC, Kristensen L, Andersen HR, et al. A randomized comparison of atrial and dual-chamber pacing in 177 consecutive patients with sick sinus syndrome: echocardiographic and clinical outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42(4):614–623.
  • Udo EO, van Hemel NM, Zuithoff NP, et al. Risk of heart failure-and cardiac death gradually increases with more right ventricular pacing. Int J Cardiol. 2015;185:95–100.
  • Brunner M, Olschewski M, Geibel A, et al. Long-term survival after pacemaker implantation: prognostic importance of gender and baseline patient characteristics. Eur Heart J. 2004;25(1):88–95.
  • Shukla HH, Hellkamp AS, James EA, et al. Heart failure hospitalization is more common in pacemaker patients with sinus node dysfunction and a prolonged paced QRS duration. Heart Rhythm. 2005;2(3):245–251.
  • Tanaka H, Hara H, Adelstein EC, et al. Comparative mechanical activation mapping of RV pacing to LBBB by 2D and 3D speckle tracking and association with response to resynchronization therapy. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010;3(5):461–471.
  • Mafi-Rad M, Luermans JG, Blaauw Y, et al. Feasibility and acute hemodynamic effect of left ventricular septal pacing by transvenous approach through the interventricular septum. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2016;9(3):e003344.
  • Sarvari SI, Sitges M, Sanz M, et al. Left ventricular dysfunction is related to the presence and extent of a septal flash in patients with right ventricular pacing. EP Europace. 2017;19(2):289–296.
  • Ploux S, Lumens J, Whinnett Z, et al. Noninvasive electrocardiographic mapping to improve patient selection for cardiac resynchronization therapy: beyond QRS duration and left bundle branch block morphology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(24):2435–2443.
  • Eschalier R, Ploux S, Ritter P, et al. Nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay: definitions, prognosis, and implications for cardiac resynchronization therapy. Heart Rhythm. 2015;12(5):1071–1079.
  • Kroon W, Lumens J, Potse M, et al. In vivo electromechanical assessment of heart failure patients with prolonged QRS duration. Heart Rhythm. 2015;12(6):1259–1267.
  • Nielsen JC, Bøttcher M, Nielsen TT, et al. Regional myocardial blood flow in patients with sick sinus syndrome randomized to long-term single chamber atrial or dual chamber pacing – effect of pacing mode and rate. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35(6):1453–1461.
  • Tse H-F, Lau C-P. Long-term effect of right ventricular pacing on myocardial perfusion and function. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;29(4):744–749.
  • Tse H-F, Yu C, Wong K-K, et al. Functional abnormalities in patients with permanent right ventricular pacing: the effect of sites of electrical stimulation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40(8):1451–1458.
  • Prinzen FW, Hunter WC, Wyman BT, et al. Mapping of regional myocardial strain and work during ventricular pacing: experimental study using magnetic resonance imaging tagging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999 May;33(6):1735–1742. PubMed PMID: 10334450; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2041911.
  • Van Oosterhout MF, Prinzen FW, Arts T, et al. Asynchronous electrical activation induces asymmetrical hypertrophy of the left ventricular wall. Circulation. 1998;98(6):588–595.
  • Adomian GE, Beazell J. Myofibrillar disarray produced in normal hearts by chronic electrical pacing. Am Heart J. 1986;112(1):79–83.
  • Arkolaki EG, Simantirakis EN, Kontaraki JE, et al. Alterations in the expression of genes related to contractile function and hypertrophy of the left ventricle in chronically paced patients from the right ventricular apex. Ep Europace. 2015;17(10):1563–1570.
  • Al-Hesayen A, Parker JD. Adverse effects of atrioventricular synchronous right ventricular pacing on left ventricular sympathetic activity, efficiency, and hemodynamic status. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006;291(5):H2377–H2379.
  • Betocchi S, Piscione F, Villari B, et al. Effects of induced asynchrony on left ventricular diastolic function in patients with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;21(5):1124–1131.
  • Bedotto JB, Grayburn PA, Black WH, et al. Alterations in left ventricular relaxation during atrioventricular pacing in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;15(3):658–664.
  • Kutyifa V, Stockburger M, Daubert JP, et al. PR interval identifies clinical response in patients with non-left bundle branch block clinical perspective: a multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial-cardiac resynchronization therapy substudy. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2014;7(4):645–651.
  • Sharma AD, Rizo-Patron C, Hallstrom AP, et al. Percent right ventricular pacing predicts outcomes in the DAVID trial. Heart Rhythm. 2005;2(8):830–834.
  • Barold SS, Levine PA. Pacemaker repetitive nonreentrant ventriculoatrial synchronous rhythm. A review. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2001;5(1):59–66.
  • Barold SS, Herweg B. Conventional and biventricular pacing in patients with first-degree atrioventricular block. Europace. 2012;14(10):1414–1419.
  • Sweeney MO, Ellenbogen KA, Tang AS, et al. Atrial pacing or ventricular backup – only pacing in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients. Heart Rhythm. 2010;7(11):1552–1560.
  • Ricci RP, Botto GL, Bénézet JM, et al. Association between ventricular pacing and persistent atrial fibrillation in patients indicated to elective pacemaker replacement: results of the Prefer for Elective Replacement MVP (PreFER MVP) randomized study. Heart Rhythm. 2015;12(11):2239–2246.
  • Shurrab M, Healey JS, Haj-Yahia S, et al. Reduction in unnecessary ventricular pacing fails to affect hard clinical outcomes in patients with preserved left ventricular function: a meta-analysis. EP Europace. 2016;19(2):282–288.
  • Glick H, Cook J, Kinosian B, et al. Costs and effects of enalapril therapy in patients with symptomatic heart failure: an economic analysis of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) treatment trial. J Card Fail. 1995;1(5):371–380.
  • TRIAL S-H. CIBIS-II Trial. Lancet. 1999;353(9146):9–13.
  • McMurray JJ, Packer M, Desai AS, et al. Dual angiotensin receptor and neprilysin inhibition as an alternative to angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibition in patients with chronic systolic heart failure: rationale for and design of the Prospective comparison of ARNI with ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and morbidity in Heart Failure trial (PARADIGM‐HF). Eur J Heart Fail. 2013;15(9):1062–1073.
  • Davy J, Hoffmann E, Frey A, et al. Near elimination of ventricular pacing in safeR mode compared to DDD modes: a randomized study of 422 patients. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2012;35(4):392–402.
  • Sweeney MO, Ellenbogen KA, Casavant D, et al. Multicenter, prospective, randomized safety and efficacy study of a new atrial‐based managed ventricular pacing mode (MVP) in dual chamber ICDs. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2005;16(8):811–817.
  • Olshansky B, Day JD, Moore S, et al. Is dual-chamber programming inferior to single-chamber programming in an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator? Results of the INTRINSIC RV (inhibition of unnecessary RV pacing with AVSH in ICDs) study. Circulation. 2007;115(1):9–16.
  • Milasinovic G, Tscheliessnigg K, Boehmer A, et al. Percent ventricular pacing with managed ventricular pacing mode in standard pacemaker population. Europace. 2008;10(2):151–155.
  • Kolb C, Schmidt R, Dietl JU, et al. Reduction of right ventricular pacing with advanced atrioventricular search hysteresis: results of the PREVENT study. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2011;34(8):975–983.
  • Sweeney M. Search AV extension and managed ventricular pacing for promoting atrioventricular conduction (SAVE PACe) trial. Minimizing ventricular pacing to reduce atrial fibrillation in sinus-node disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:1000–1008.
  • Ishikawa T, Kimura K, Miyazaki N, et al. Diastolic mitral regurgitation in patients with first‐degree atrioventricular block. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1992;15(11):1927–1931.
  • Schoeller R, Andresen D, Büttner P, et al. First-or second-degree atrioventricular block as a risk factor in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 1993;71(8):720–726.
  • Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: metoprolol CR/XL randomised intervention trial in-congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet. 353(9169): 2001–2007.
  • Kramer DG, Trikalinos TA, Kent DM, et al. Quantitative evaluation of drug or device effects on ventricular remodeling as predictors of therapeutic effects on mortality in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. A meta-analytic approach. J Am College Card. 2010;56(5):392–406.
  • Israel CW. Pacing-induced heart failure: should we avoid right ventricular pacing or not? EP Europace. 2017;19(2):165–168.
  • Brignole M, Auricchio A, Baron-Esquivias G, et al. Document reviewers. 2013 ESC guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: the task force on cardiac pacing and resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Eur Heart J. 2013;34(29):2281–2329.
  • Rubaj A, Rucinski P, Sodolski T, et al. Comparison of the acute hemodynamic effect of right ventricular apex, outflow tract, and dual‐site right ventricular pacing. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2010;15(4):353–359.
  • Kaye GC, Linker NJ, Marwick TH, et al. Effect of right ventricular pacing lead site on left ventricular function in patients with high-grade atrioventricular block: results of the protect-pace study. Eur Heart J. 2014;36(14):856–862.
  • Da Costa A, Gabriel L, Romeyer-Bouchard C, et al. Focus on right ventricular outflow tract septal pacing. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;106(6–7):394–403.
  • Saito M, Kaye G, Negishi K, et al. Dyssynchrony, contraction efficiency and regional function with apical and non-apical RV pacing. Heart. 2015;101(8):600–608.
  • Ng AC, Allman C, Vidaic J, et al. Long-term impact of right ventricular septal versus apical pacing on left ventricular synchrony and function in patients with second-or third-degree heart block. Am J Cardiol. 2009;103(8):1096–1101.
  • Stockburger M, Gómez‐Doblas JJ, Lamas G, et al. Preventing ventricular dysfunction in pacemaker patients without advanced heart failure: results from a multicentre international randomized trial (PREVENT‐HF). Eur J Heart Fail. 2011;13(6):633–641.
  • Weizong W, Zhongsu W, Yujiao Z, et al. Effects of right ventricular nonapical pacing on cardiac function: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2013;36(8):1032–1051.
  • Barba-Pichardo R, Moriña-Vázquez P, Fernández-Gómez JM, et al. Permanent His-bundle pacing: seeking physiological ventricular pacing. Europace. 2010;12(4):527–533.
  • Kronborg MB, Mortensen PT, Gerdes JC, et al. His and para-His pacing in AV block: feasibility and electrocardiographic findings. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2011;31(3):255.
  • Vijayaraman P, Dandamudi G, Lustgarten D, et al. Permanent his bundle pacing: electrophysiological and echocardiographic observations from long‐term follow‐up. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2017;40(7):883-891.
  • Occhetta E, Bortnik M, Magnani A, et al. Prevention of ventricular desynchronization by permanent para-Hisian pacing after atrioventricular node ablation in chronic atrial fibrillation: a crossover, blinded, randomized study versus apical right ventricular pacing. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(10):1938–1945.
  • Yu C-M, Chan JY-S, Zhang Q, et al. Biventricular pacing in patients with bradycardia and normal ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(22):2123–2134.
  • Kindermann M, Hennen B, Jung J, et al. Biventricular versus conventional right ventricular stimulation for patients with standard pacing indication and left ventricular dysfunction: the Homburg Biventricular Pacing Evaluation (HOBIPACE). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(10):1927–1937.
  • Martinelli FM, de Siqueira S, Costa R, et al. Conventional versus biventricular pacing in heart failure and bradyarrhythmia: the COMBAT study. J Card Fail. 2010;16(4):293.
  • Curtis AB, Worley SJ, Adamson PB, et al. Biventricular versus right ventricular pacing in heart failure patients with atrioventricular block (block hf) trial investigators. N Engl J Med. 2007;368(17):1585-1593.
  • Blanc J, Investigators BT, editors. Biventricular pacing for atrio-ventricular block to prevent cardiac desynchronization. In: Results presented at European society of cardiology congress. Barcelona: Spain; 2014.
  • Gierula J, Jamil HA, Witte KK. Septal pacing: still no clarity? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2014;37(2):263–264.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.