Diagnosis and management of implant debris-associated inflammation

References

• Projected volume of primary and revision total joint replacement in the U.S. 2030 to 2060 [Internet]. New Orleans, LA, USA: AAOS; 2018 [cited 2018 Mar 6]. Available from: https://aaos-annualmeeting-presskit.org/2018/research-news/sloan_tjr/
   Google Scholar
• Hopper RH Jr., Ho H, Sritulanondha S, et al. Otto Aufranc Award: crosslinking reduces THA wear, osteolysis, and revision rates at 15-year followup compared with noncrosslinked polyethylene. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2018 Feb;476(2):279–290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozic KJ, Kurtz SM, Lau E, et al. The epidemiology of revision total hip arthroplasty in the United States. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009 Jan;91(1):128–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le DH, Goodman SB, Maloney WJ, et al. Current modes of failure in TKA: infection, instability, and stiffness predominate. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2014 July;472(7):2197–2200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozic KJ, Kurtz SM, Lau E, et al. The epidemiology of revision total knee arthroplasty in the United States. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2010 Jan;468(1):45–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayle RE Jr., Graw BP, Huddleston HG, et al. MI TKA: a risk factor for early revision surgery. J Knee Surg. 2012 Nov;25(5):423–427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bottle A, Parikh S, Aylin P, et al. Risk factors for early revision after total hip and knee arthroplasty: national observational study from a surgeon and population perspective. PloS One. 2019;14(4):e0214855.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kee JR, Mears SC, Edwards PK, et al. Modifiable risk factors are common in early revision hip and knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2017 Dec;32(12):3689–3692.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charnley J. Low friction arthroplasty of the hip. New York (NY): Springer-Verlag; 1979.
   Google Scholar
• Charnley J. The reaction of bone to self-curing acrylic cement. A long-term histological study in man. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1970 May;52(2):340–353.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Willert HG, Ludwig J, Semlitsch M. Reaction of bone to methacrylate after hip arthroplasty: a long-term gross, light microscopic, and scanning electron microscopic study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1974 Oct;56(7):1368–1382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones LC, Hungerford DS. Cement disease. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 1987 Dec;225:192–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willert HG, Bertram H, Buchhorn GH. Osteolysis in alloarthroplasty of the hip. The role of bone cement fragmentation. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 1990 Sept;258:108–121.
   Google Scholar
• Willert HG, Bertram H, Buchhorn GH. Osteolysis in alloarthroplasty of the hip. The role of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear particles. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 1990 Sept;258:95–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmalzried TP, Kwong LM, Jasty M, et al. The mechanism of loosening of cemented acetabular components in total hip arthroplasty. Analysis of specimens retrieved at autopsy. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 1992;274:60–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santavirta S, Hoikka V, Eskola A, et al. Aggressive granulomatous lesions in cementless total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1990 Nov;72(6):980–984.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rubash HE, Sinha RK, Shanbhag AS, et al. Pathogenesis of bone loss after total hip arthroplasty. Orthop Clin North Am. 1998 Apr;29(2):173–186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meneghini RM, Hallab NJ, Jacobs JJ. The biology of alternative bearing surfaces in total joint arthroplasty. Instr Course Lect. 2005;54:481–493.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berry DJ, Abdel MP, Callaghan JJ, et al. What are the current clinical issues in wear and tribocorrosion? Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2014 Dec;472(12):3659–3664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willert HG, Buchhorn GH, Fayyazi A, et al. Metal-on-metal bearings and hypersensitivity in patients with artificial hip joints. A clinical and histomorphological study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005 Jan;87(1):28–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill HS, Grammatopoulos G, Adshead S, et al. Molecular and immune toxicity of CoCr nanoparticles in MoM hip arthroplasty. Trends Mol Med. 2012 Mar;18(3):145–155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grammatopoulos G, Pandit H, Kamali A, et al. The correlation of wear with histological features after failed hip resurfacing arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013 June 19;95(12):e81.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Urish KL, Giori NJ, Lemons JE, et al. Trunnion corrosion in total hip arthroplasty-basic concepts. Orthop Clin North Am. 2019 July;50(3):281–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esposito CI, Wright TM, Goodman SB, et al. What is the trouble with trunnions? Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2014 Dec;472(12):3652–3658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sultan AA, Cantrell WA, Khlopas A, et al. Evidence-based management of trunnionosis in metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review. J Arthroplasty. 2018 Oct;33(10):3343–3353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pourzal R, Lundberg HJ, Hall DJ, et al. What factors drive taper corrosion? J Arthroplasty. 2018 Sept;33(9):2707–2711.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibon E, Amanatullah DF, Loi F, et al. The biological response to orthopaedic implants for joint replacement: part I: metals. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2017 Oct;105(7):2162–2173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibon E, Cordova LA, Lu L, et al. The biological response to orthopedic implants for joint replacement. II: polyethylene, ceramics, PMMA, and the foreign body reaction. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2017 Aug;105(6):1685–1691.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman SB, Gomez Barrena E, Takagi M, et al. Biocompatibility of total joint replacements: a review. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2009 May 28;90(2):603–618.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dumbleton JH, Manley MT, Edidin AA. A literature review of the association between wear rate and osteolysis in total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2002 Aug;17(5):649–661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul JP. Forces transmitted by joints in the human body. Proc Inst Mech Eng. 1967;181:8–15.
   Google Scholar
• Schmalzried TP, Callaghan JJ. Wear in total hip and knee replacements. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999 Jan;81(1):115–136.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Manley MT, D’Antonio JA, Capello WN, et al. Osteolysis: a disease of access to fixation interfaces. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2002;405:129–137.
   Google Scholar
• Hirayama T, Tamaki Y, Takakubo Y, et al. Toll-like receptors and their adaptors are regulated in macrophages after phagocytosis of lipopolysaccharide-coated titanium particles. J Orthop Res. 2011 July;29(7):984–992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naganuma Y, Takakubo Y, Hirayama T, et al. Lipoteichoic acid modulates inflammatory response in macrophages after phagocytosis of titanium particles through Toll-like receptor 2 cascade and inflammasomes. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2016 Feb;104(2):435–444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posada OM, Tate RJ, Grant MH. Toxicity of cobalt-chromium nanoparticles released from a resurfacing hip implant and cobalt ions on primary human lymphocytes in vitro. J Appl Toxicol. 2015 June;35(6):614–622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia Z, Ricciardi BF, Liu Z, et al. Nano-analyses of wear particles from metal-on-metal and non-metal-on-metal dual modular neck hip arthroplasty. Nanomedicine. 2017 Apr;13(3):1205–1217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahendra G, Pandit H, Kliskey K, et al. Necrotic and inflammatory changes in metal-on-metal resurfacing hip arthroplasties. Acta Orthop. 2009 Dec;80(6):653–659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell P, Ebramzadeh E, Nelson S, et al. Histological features of pseudotumor-like tissues from metal-on-metal hips. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2010 Sept;468(9):2321–2327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polyzois I, Nikolopoulos D, Michos I, et al. Local and systemic toxicity of nanoscale debris particles in total hip arthroplasty. J Appl Toxicol. 2012 Apr;32(4):255–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradberry SM, Wilkinson JM, Ferner RE. Systemic toxicity related to metal hip prostheses. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2014 Sept-Oct;52(8):837–847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong CC, Nixon RL. Systemic allergic dermatitis caused by cobalt and cobalt toxicity from a metal on a metal hip replacement. Contact Dermatitis. 2014 Aug;71(2):113–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zywiel MG, Cherian JJ, Banerjee S, et al. Systemic cobalt toxicity from total hip arthroplasties: review of a rare condition part 2. measurement, risk factors, and step-wise approach to treatment. Bone Joint J. 2016 Jan;98(B(1)):14–20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takagi M. Neutral proteinases and their inhibitors in the loosening of total hip prostheses. Acta Orthop Scand. 1996 Oct;271:3–29.
   Google Scholar
• Rao AJ, Gibon E, Ma T, et al. Revision joint replacement, wear particles, and macrophage polarization. Acta Biomater. 2012;8(7):2815–2823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bori G, Soriano A, Garcia S, et al. Usefulness of histological analysis for predicting the presence of microorganisms at the time of reimplantation after hip resection arthroplasty for the treatment of infection. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007 June;89(6):1232–1237.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Solovieva SA, Ceponis A, Konttinen YT, et al. Mast cells in loosening of totally replaced hips. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 1996;322:158–165.
   Google Scholar
• Ricciardi BF, Nocon AA, Jerabek SA, et al. Histopathological characterization of corrosion product associated adverse local tissue reaction in hip implants: a study of 285 cases. BMC Clin Pathol. 2016;16:3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takagi M, Santavirta S, Ida H, et al. High-turnover periprosthetic bone remodeling and immature bone formation around loose cemented total hip joints. J Bone Miner Res. 2001 Jan;16(1):79–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ormsby RT, Solomon LB, Yang D, et al. Osteocytes respond to particles of clinically-relevant conventional and cross-linked polyethylene and metal alloys by up-regulation of resorptive and inflammatory pathways. Acta Biomater. 2019 Mar;15(87):296–306.
   Google Scholar
• Jiranek WA, Machado M, Jasty M, et al. Production of cytokines around loosened cemented acetabular components. Analysis with immunohistochemical techniques and in situ hybridization. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993 June;75(6):863–879.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakashima Y, Sun DH, Trindade MC, et al. Signaling pathways for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 expression in human macrophages exposed to titanium-alloy particulate debris in vitro. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999 May;81(5):603–615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyskova T, Gallo J, Kriegova E. The role of the chemokine system in tissue response to prosthetic by-products leading to periprosthetic osteolysis and aseptic loosening. Front Immunol. 2017;8:1026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koulouvaris P, Ly K, Ivashkiv LB, et al. Expression profiling reveals alternative macrophage activation and impaired osteogenesis in periprosthetic osteolysis. J Orthop Res. 2008 Jan;26(1):106–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomankova T, Kriegova E, Fillerova R, et al. Comparison of periprosthetic tissues in knee and hip joints: differential expression of CCL3 and DC-STAMP in total knee and hip arthroplasty and similar cytokine profiles in primary knee and hip osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014 Nov;22(11):1851–1860.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasa V, Kramer JM, Gaffen SL, et al. Is monocyte chemotactic protein 1 elevated in aseptic loosening of TKA? A pilot study. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2012 July;470(7):1879–1884.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takei I, Takagi M, Ida H, et al. High macrophage-colony stimulating factor levels in synovial fluid of loose artificial hip joints. J Rheumatol. 2000 Apr;27(4):894–899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang CT, Lin YT, Chiang BL, et al. Over-expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines in periprosthetic osteolysis of loosened total hip arthroplasty. Biomaterials. 2010 Jan;31(1):77–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takei I, Takagi M, Santavirta S, et al. Messenger ribonucleic acid expression of 16 matrix metalloproteinases in bone-implant interface tissues of loose artificial hip joints. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2000 Dec 15;52(4):613–620.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takagi M, Santavirta S, Ida H, et al. Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in loose artificial hip joints. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 1998;352:35–45.
   Google Scholar
• Konttinen YT, Takagi M, Mandelin J, et al. Acid attack and cathepsin K in bone resorption around total hip replacement prosthesis. J Bone Miner Res. 2001 Oct;16(10):1780–1786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma GF, Ali A, Verzijl N, et al. Increased collagen degradation around loosened total hip replacement implants. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Sept;54(9):2928–2933.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takagi M, Takakubo Y, Pajarinen J, et al. Danger of frustrated sensors: role of Toll-like receptors and NOD-like receptors in aseptic and septic inflammations around total hip replacements. J Orthop Translat. 2017;10:68–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persson A, Eisler T, Boden H, et al. Revision for symptomatic pseudotumor after primary metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty with a standard femoral stem. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2018 June 6;100(11):942–949.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niki Y, Matsumoto H, Otani T, et al. Gigantic popliteal synovial cyst caused by wear particles after total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2003 Dec;18(8):1071–1075.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad SS, Shaker A, Saffarini M, et al. Accuracy of diagnostic tests for prosthetic joint infection: a systematic review. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2016 Oct;24(10):3064–3074.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parvizi J, Tan TL, Goswami K, et al. The 2018 definition of periprosthetic hip and knee infection: an evidence-based and validated criteria. J Arthroplasty. 2018 May;33(5):1309–1314 e2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed SS, Begum F, Kayani B, et al. Risk factors, diagnosis and management of prosthetic joint infection after total hip arthroplasty. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2019;25:1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Li M, Zeng Y, Wu Y, et al. Performance of sequencing assays in diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Arthroplasty. 2019 July;34(7):1514–1522 e4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallo J, Svoboda M, Zapletalova J, et al. Serum IL-6 in combination with synovial IL-6/CRP shows excellent diagnostic power to detect hip and knee prosthetic joint infection. PloS One. 2018;13(6):e0199226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdel Karim M, Andrawis J, Bengoa F, et al. Hip and knee section, diagnosis, algorithm: proceedings of international consensus on orthopedic infections. J Arthroplasty. 2019 Feb;34(2S):S339–S350.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bonanzinga T, Zahar A, Dutsch M, et al. How reliable Is the alpha-defensin immunoassay test for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection? A prospective study. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2017 Feb;475(2):408–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wouthuyzen-Bakker M, JJW P, Ottink K, et al. Synovial calprotectin: an inexpensive biomarker to exclude a chronic prosthetic joint infection. J Arthroplasty. 2018 Apr;33(4):1149–1153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallo J, Juranova J, Svoboda M, et al. Excellent AUC for joint fluid cytology in the detection/exclusion of hip and knee prosthetic joint infection. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2017 Sept;161(3):310–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higuera CA, Zmistowski B, Malcom T, et al. Synovial fluid cell count for diagnosis of chronic periprosthetic hip infection. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017 May 3;99(9):753–759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahar A, Lausmann C, Cavalheiro C, et al. How reliable Is the cell count analysis in the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection? J Arthroplasty. 2018 Oct;33(10):3257–3262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bingham JS, Salib CG, McQuivey K, et al. An evidence-based clinical prediction algorithm for the musculoskeletal infection society minor criteria. J Arthroplasty. 2018 Sept;33(9):2993–2996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallazzi E, Drago L, Baldini A, et al. “Combined diagnostic tool” application to a retrospective series of patients undergoing total joint revision surgery. J Bone Jt Infect. 2017;2(2):107–113.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krenn V, Morawietz L, Perino G, et al. Revised histopathological consensus classification of joint implant related pathology. Pathol Res Pract. 2014 Dec;210(12):779–786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bemer P, Leger J, Milin S, et al. Histopathological diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection: does a threshold of 23 neutrophils do better than classification of the periprosthetic membrane in a prospective multicenter study? J Clin Microbiol. 2018;56:9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiner T, Do TD, Klotz MC, et al. MRI Findings in patients after small-head metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty with a minimum follow-up of 10 years. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017 Sept 20;99(18):1540–1546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park SH, Lu Z, Hastings RS, et al. Five hundred fifty-five retrieved metal-on-metal hip replacements of a single design show a wide range of wear, surface features, and histopathologic reactions. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2018 Feb;476(2):261–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inagaki Y, Uchihara Y, Munemoto M, et al. Correlation of histological and microbiological findings in septic and aseptic knee implant failure. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2019 May;139(5):717–722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantymaki H, Lankinen P, Vahlberg T, et al. Repeated cobalt and chromium ion measurements in patients with large-diameter head metal-on-metal ReCap-M2A-magnum total hip replacement. Acta Orthop. 2019 June;90(3):243–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart AJ, Sabah SA, Bandi AS, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of blood cobalt and chromium metal ions for predicting failure of metal-on-metal hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011 Oct;93(10):1308–1313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lardanchet JF, Taviaux J, Arnalsteen D, et al. One-year prospective comparative study of three large-diameter metal-on-metal total hip prostheses: serum metal ion levels and clinical outcomes. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2012 May;98(3):265–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Der Straeten C, Grammatopoulos G, Gill HS, et al. The 2012 Otto Aufranc Award: the interpretation of metal ion levels in unilateral and bilateral hip resurfacing. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2013 Feb;471(2):377–385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matharu GS, Berryman F, Judge A, et al. Blood metal ion thresholds to identify patients with metal-on-metal hip implants at risk of adverse reactions to metal debris: an external multicenter validation study of birmingham hip resurfacing and corail-pinnacle implants. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017 Sept 20;99(18):1532–1539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laaksonen I, Galea VP, Donahue GS, et al. The cobalt/chromium ratio provides similar diagnostic value to a low cobalt threshold in predicting adverse local tissue reactions in patients with metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2018 Sept;33(9):3020–3024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizzetti MC, Liberini P, Zarattini G, et al. Loss of sight and sound. Could it be the hip? Lancet. 2009 Mar 21;373(9668):1052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paish HL, Baldock TE, Gillespie CS, et al. Chronic, active inflammation in patients with failed total knee replacements undergoing revision surgery. J Orthop Res. 2019 Nov;37(11):2316–2324.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyskova T, Kriegova E, Slobodova Z, et al. Inflammation time-axis in aseptic loosening of total knee arthroplasty: a preliminary study. PloS One. 2019;14(8):e0221056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samelko L, Landgraeber S, McAllister K, et al. TLR4 (not TLR2) dominate cognate TLR activity associated with CoCrMo implant particles. J Orthop Res. 2017 May;35(5):1007–1017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manzano GW, Fort BP, Dubyak GR, et al. wear particle-induced priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome depends on adherent pathogen-associated molecular patterns and their cognate Toll-like receptors: an in vitro study. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2018 Dec;476(12):2442–2453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pai S, Hui S, Isserlin R, et al. netDx: interpretable patient classification using integrated patient similarity networks. Mol Syst Biol. 2019 Mar 14;15(3):e8497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkomar A, Dean J, Kohane I. Machine learning in medicine. N Engl J Med. 2019 Apr 4;380(14):1347–1358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narkbunnam R, Amanatullah DF, Electricwala AJ, et al. Radiographic scoring system for the evaluation of stability of cementless acetabular components in the presence of osteolysis. Bone Joint J. 2017 May;99(B(5):):601–606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deshmukh S, Omar IM. Imaging of hip arthroplasties: normal findings and hardware complications. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2019 Apr;23(2):162–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhave S, Koff MF, Sivaram Kaushik S, et al. 3D-multi-spectral T2 mapping near metal implants. Magn Reson Med. 2019 Aug;82(2):614–621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Signore A, Sconfienza LM, Borens O, et al. Consensus document for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections: a joint paper by the EANM, EBJIS, and ESR (with ESCMID endorsement). Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019 Apr;46(4):971–988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaz S, Ferreira TC, Salgado L, et al. Bone scan usefulness in patients with painful hip or knee prosthesis: 10 situations that can cause pain, other than loosening and infection. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2017 Feb;27(2):147–156.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murer AM, Hirschmann MT, Amsler F, et al. Bone SPECT/CT has excellent sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of loosening and patellofemoral problems after total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2019 July;1. doi: 10.1007/s00167-019-05609-w. Epub ahead of print.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Verberne SJ, Sonnega RJ, Temmerman OP, et al. What is the accuracy of nuclear imaging in the assessment of periprosthetic knee infection? A meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2017 May;475(5):1395–1410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickett JE, Thompson JM, Sadowska A, et al. Molecularly specific detection of bacterial lipoteichoic acid for diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection of the bone. Bone Res. 2018;6:13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sconfienza LM, Signore A, Cassar-Pullicino V, et al. Diagnosis of peripheral bone and prosthetic joint infections: overview on the consensus documents by the EANM, EBJIS, and ESR (with ESCMID endorsement). Eur Radiol. 2019 June 27;29:6425–6438.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson RA, Lachiewicz PF. Groin pain after replacement of the hip: aetiology, evaluation and treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012 Feb;94(2):145–151.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Flierl MA, Sobh AN, Culp BM, et al. Evaluation of the painful total knee arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2019 Apr 16;27:743–751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekelund AL. Management of painful reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Shoulder Elbow. 2017 July;9(3):212–222.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vulcano E, Myerson MS. The painful total ankle arthroplasty: a diagnostic and treatment algorithm. Bone Joint J. 2017 Jan;99(B(1)):5–11.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Terrando S, Sambri A, Bianchi G, et al. Angiosarcoma around total hip arthroplasty: case series and review of the literature. Musculoskelet Surg. 2018 Apr;102(1):21–27.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhan H, Gao T, Yu X, et al. Periprosthetic metastasis following total hip arthroplasty in a patient with lung carcinoma: a case report and review of literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Jan;98(3):e14071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman SB, Trindade M, Ma T, et al. Pharmacologic modulation of periprosthetic osteolysis. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2005;430:39–45.
   Google Scholar
• Ulrich-Vinther M, Carmody EE, Goater JJ, et al. Recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated osteoprotegerin gene therapy inhibits wear debris-induced osteolysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84(8):1405–1412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang S-Y, Mayton L, Wu B, et al. Adeno-associated virus-mediated osteoprotegerin gene transfer protects against particulate polyethylene-induced osteolysis in a murine model. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46(9):2514–2523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim KJ, Kotake S, Udagawa N, et al. Osteoprotegerin inhibits in vitro mouse osteoclast formation induced by joint fluid from failed total hip arthroplasty. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2001;58(4):393–400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma T, Huang Z, Ren PG, et al. An in vivo murine model of continuous intramedullary infusion of polyethylene particles. Biomaterials. 2008 Sept;29(27):3738–3742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma T, Ortiz SG, Huang Z, et al. In vivo murine model of continuous intramedullary infusion of particles–a preliminary study. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2009 Jan;88(1):250–253.
   Google Scholar
• Ortiz SG, Ma T, Epstein NJ, et al. Validation and quantification of an in vitro model of continuous infusion of submicron-sized particles. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2008 Feb;84(2):328–333.
   Google Scholar
• Lin T-H, Pajarinen J, Sato T, et al. NF-κB Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotide mitigates wear particle-associated bone loss in the murine continuous infusion model. Acta Biomater. 2016;41:273–281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khosla S. Minireview: the OPG/RANKL/RANK system. Endocrinology. 2001;142(12):5050–5055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin T-H, Sato T, Barcay KR, et al. NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide enhanced osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells exposed to polyethylene particle. Tissue Eng Part A. 2015;21(5–6):875–883.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin T-H, Yao Z, Sato T, et al. Suppression of wear-particle-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in macrophages via NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide: a preliminary report. Acta Biomater. 2014;10(8):3747–3755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato T, Pajarinen J, Lin T-h, et al. NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide inhibits wear particle-induced inflammation in a murine calvarial model. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2015;103(12):3872–3878.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clohisy JC, Yamanaka Y, Faccio R, et al. Inhibition of IKK activation, through sequestering NEMO, blocks PMMA-induced osteoclastogenesis and calvarial inflammatory osteolysis. J Orthop Res. 2006;24(7):1358–1365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nich C, Goodman SB. Role of macrophages in the biological reaction to wear debris from joint replacements. J Long-Term Eff Med Impl. 2014;24(4):259–265.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mantovani A, Biswas SK, Galdiero MR, et al. Macrophage plasticity and polarization in tissue repair and remodelling. J Pathol. 2013;229(2):176–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahon OR, O’Hanlon S, Cunningham CC, et al. Orthopaedic implant materials drive M1 macrophage polarization in a spleen tyrosine kinase- and mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent manner. Acta Biomater. 2018;65:426–435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin T, Kohno Y, Huang J-F, et al. NFκB sensing IL-4 secreting mesenchymal stem cells mitigate the proinflammatory response of macrophages exposed to polyethylene wear particles. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2018;106(10):2744–2752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hachim D, LoPresti ST, Yates CC, et al. Shifts in macrophage phenotype at the biomaterial interface via IL-4 eluting coatings are associated with improved implant integration. Biomaterials. 2017;112:95–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang CL, Sun YH, Yu WH, et al. Modulation of macrophage phenotype through controlled release of interleukin-4 from gelatine coatings on titanium surfaces. Eur Cell Mater. 2018;36:15–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonios JK, Yao Z, Li C, et al. Macrophage polarization in response to wear particles in vitro. Cell Mol Immunol. 2013;10(6):471–482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan Z, Tian X, Zhu J, et al. Metformin suppresses UHMWPE particle-induced osteolysis in the mouse calvaria by promoting polarization of macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Mol Med. 2018;24(1):20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Valladares RD, Nich C, Zwingenberger S, et al. Toll-like receptors-2 and 4 are overexpressed in an experimental model of particle-induced osteolysis. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2014;102(9):3004–3011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibon E, Ma T, Ren P-G, et al. Selective inhibition of the MCP-1-CCR2 ligand-receptor axis decreases systemic trafficking of macrophages in the presence of UHMWPE particles. J Orthop Res. 2012;30(4):547–553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao YP, Wei JL, Tian QY. et al. Progranulin suppresses titanium particle induced inflammatory osteolysis by targeting TNFα signaling. Sci Rep. 2016;6:20909.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo G, Li Z, Wang Y, et al. Resveratrol protects against titanium particle-induced aseptic loosening through reduction of oxidative stress and inactivation of NF-κB. Inflammation. 2016;39(2):775–785.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao Z, Keeney M, Lin T-H, et al. Mutant monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 protein attenuates migration of and inflammatory cytokine release by macrophages exposed to orthopedic implant wear particles. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2014;102(9):3291–3297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keeney M, Waters H, Barcay K, et al. Mutant MCP-1 protein delivery from layer-by-layer coatings on orthopedic implants to modulate inflammatory response. Biomaterials. 2013;34(38):10287–10295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nabeshima A, Pajarinen J, Lin T-H, et al. Mutant CCL2 protein coating mitigates wear particle-induced bone loss in a murine continuous polyethylene infusion model. Biomaterials. 2017;117:1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato T, Pajarinen J, Behn A, et al. The effect of local IL-4 delivery or CCL2 blockade on implant fixation and bone structural properties in a mouse model of wear particle induced osteolysis. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2016;104(9):2255–2262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang X, Sato T, Yao Z, et al. Local delivery of mutant CCL2 protein-reduced orthopaedic implant wear particle-induced osteolysis and inflammation in vivo. J Orthop Res. 2016;34(1):58–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson JM, Little DG. Bisphosphonates in orthopedic applications. Bone. 2011;49(1):95–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Q, Badell IR, Schwarz EM, et al. Tumor necrosis factor prevents alendronate-induced osteoclast apoptosis in vivo by stimulating Bcl-xL expression through Ets-2. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(9):2708–2718.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang C-J, Wang J-W, Weng L-H, et al. The effect of alendronate on bone mineral density in the distal part of the femur and proximal part of the tibia after total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85(11):2121–2126.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trevisan C, Ortolani S, Romano P, et al. Decreased periprosthetic bone loss in patients treated with clodronate: a 1-year randomized controlled study. Calcif Tissue Int. 2010;86(6):436–446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sköldenberg OG, Salemyr MO, Bodén HS, et al. The effect of weekly risedronate on periprosthetic bone resorption following total hip arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011;93(20):1857–1864.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenwell PH, Shield WP, Chapman DM, et al. Isolated revision of the polyethylene component at revision total knee arthroplasty has excellent survivorship at ten years. Bone Joint J. 2019 July;101-B(7_Supple_C):104–107.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gibon E, Kerboull L, Courpied JP, et al. Acetabular reinforcement rings associated with allograft for severe acetabular defects. Int Orthop. 2019 Mar;43(3):561–571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohonen I, Koivu H, Tiusanen H, et al. Are periprosthetic osteolytic lesions in ankle worth bone grafting? Foot Ankle Surg. 2017 June;23(2):128–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Lopez JA, Humphriss RL, Beswick AD, et al. Choice of implant combinations in total hip replacement: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2017 Nov;2(359):j4651.
   Google Scholar
• Castagnini F, Bordini B, Tassinari E, et al. Delta-on-delta ceramic bearing surfaces in revision hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2019 Sept;34(9):2065–2071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch CN, Figgie M Jr., Figgie MP, et al. Ceramic bearings with titanium adapter sleeves implanted during revision hip arthroplasty show minimal fretting or corrosion: a retrieval analysis. Hss J. 2017 Oct;13(3):241–247.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown TS, Tibbo ME, Arsoy D, et al. Long-term outcomes of constrained liners cemented into retained, well-fixed acetabular components. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2019 Apr 3;101(7):620–627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green CM, Buckley SC, Hamer AJ, et al. Long-term results of acetabular reconstruction using irradiated allograft bone. Bone Joint J. 2018 Nov;100(B(11):):1449–1454.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Migaud H, Common H, Girard J, et al. Acetabular reconstruction using porous metallic material in complex revision total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2019 Feb;105(1S):S53–S61.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Girerd D, Parratte S, Lunebourg A, et al. Total knee arthroplasty revision with trabecular tantalum cones: preliminary retrospective study of 51 patients from two centres with a minimal 2-year follow-up. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2016 June;102(4):429–433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sassoon AA, Barrack RL. Pseudotumour formation and subsequent resolution in metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty following revision: instructional review and an illustrative case report with revision using a dual mobility design. Bone Joint J. 2016 June;98(B(6):):736–740.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matharu GS, Pandit HG, Murray DW, et al. Adverse reactions to metal debris occur with all types of hip replacement not just metal-on-metal hips: a retrospective observational study of 3340 revisions for adverse reactions to metal debris from the national joint registry for England, wales, Northern Ireland and the isle of man. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016 Dec 13;17(1):495.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wagner ER, Kamath AF, Fruth K, et al. Effect of body mass index on reoperation and complications after total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2016 Dec 21;98(24):2052–2060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen TC, Wagner ER, Harmsen WS, et al. Effect of physical parameters on outcomes of total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2018 Nov 7;100(21):1829–1837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner ER, Kamath AF, Fruth KM, et al. Effect of body mass index on complications and reoperations after total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2016 Feb 3;98(3):169–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haughom BD, Erickson BJ, Hellman MD, et al. Do complication rates differ by gender after metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty? A systematic review. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2015 Aug;473(8):2521–2529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallo J, Mrazek F, Petrek M. Variation in cytokine genes can contribute to severity of acetabular osteolysis and risk for revision in patients with ABG 1 total hip arthroplasty: a genetic association study. BMC Med Genet. 2009 Oct 27;10:109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacInnes SJ, Hatzikotoulas K, Fenstad AM, et al. The 2018 Otto Aufranc Award: how does genome-wide variation affect osteolysis risk after THA? Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2019 Feb;477(2):297–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Buono A, Denaro V, Maffulli N. Genetic susceptibility to aseptic loosening following total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review. Br Med Bull. 2012;101:39–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garvin KL, White TC, Dusad A, et al. Low wear rates seen in THAs with highly crosslinked polyethylene at 9 to 14 years in patients younger than age 50 years. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2015 Dec;473(12):3829–3835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajpura A, Kendoff D, Board TN. The current state of bearing surfaces in total hip replacement. Bone Joint J. 2014 Feb;96(B(2):):147–156.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lachiewicz PF, Kleeman LT, Seyler T. Bearing surfaces for total hip arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2018 Jan 15;26(2):45–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown TS, Van Citters DW, Berry DJ, et al. The use of highly crosslinked polyethylene in total knee arthroplasty. Bone Joint J. 2017 Aug;99(B(8)):996–1002.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wyles CC, Jimenez-Almonte JH, Murad MH, et al. There are no differences in short- to mid-term survivorship among total hip-bearing surface options: a network meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2015 June;473(6):2031–2041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henckel J, Holme TJ, Radford W, et al. 3D-printed patient-specific guides for hip arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2018 Aug 15;26(16):e342–e348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyatt MC. Custom 3D-printed acetabular implants in hip surgery–innovative breakthrough or expensive bespoke upgrade? Hip Int. 2015 July-Aug;25(4):375–379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman SB, Yao Z, Keeney M, et al. The future of biologic coatings for orthopaedic implants. Biomaterials. 2013 Apr;34(13):3174–3183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kargupta R, Bok S, Darr CM, et al. Coatings and surface modifications imparting antimicrobial activity to orthopedic implants. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2014 Sept-Oct;6(5):475–495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raphel J, Holodniy M, Goodman SB, et al. Multifunctional coatings to simultaneously promote osseointegration and prevent infection of orthopaedic implants. Biomaterials. 2016;84:301–314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang BG, Myers DE, Wallace GG, et al. Bioactive coatings for orthopaedic implants-recent trends in development of implant coatings. Int J Mol Sci. 2014 July 4;15(7):11878–11921.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tobin EJ. Recent coating developments for combination devices in orthopedic and dental applications: a literature review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2017 Mar;112:88–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenfield EM, Beidelschies MA, Tatro JM, et al. Bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns stimulate biological activity of orthopaedic wear particles by activating cognate Toll-like receptors. J Biol Chem. 2010 Oct 15;285(42):32378–32384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenfield EM, Bi Y, Ragab AA, et al. Does endotoxin contribute to aseptic loosening of orthopedic implants? J Biomed Mater Res. 2005 Jan 15;72(1):179–185.
   Google Scholar
• Wasko M, Goodman SB. The Emperor’s new clothes: is particle disease really infected-particle disease? J Orthop Res. 2016 Sept;34(9):1497–1504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damiati L, Eales MG, Nobbs AH, et al. Impact of surface topography and coating on osteogenesis and bacterial attachment on titanium implants. J Tissue Eng. 2018;9:2041731418790694.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacofsky DJ, Allen M. Robotics in arthroplasty: a comprehensive review. J Arthroplasty. 2016 Oct;31(10):2353–2363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bautista M, Manrique J, Hozack WJ. Robotics in total knee arthroplasty. J Knee Surg. 2019 July;32(7):600–606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buza JA 3rd, Wasterlain AS, Thakkar SC, et al. Navigation and robotics in knee arthroplasty. JBJS Rev. 2017 28;5(2):Feb.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasterlain AS, Buza JA 3rd, Thakkar SC, et al. Navigation and robotics in total hip arthroplasty. JBJS Rev. 2017 14;5(3):Mar.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumner DR, Ross R, Purdue E. Are there biological markers for wear or corrosion? A systematic review. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2014 Dec;472(12):3728–3739.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallo J, Goodman SB, Konttinen YT, et al. Particle disease: biologic mechanisms of periprosthetic osteolysis in total hip arthroplasty. Innate Immun. 2013;19(2):213–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman SB, Gibon E, Yao Z. The basic science of periprosthetic osteolysis. Instr Course Lect. 2013;62:201–206.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goodman SB, Gibon E, Pajarinen J, et al. Novel biological strategies for treatment of wear particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis of orthopaedic implants for joint replacement. J R Soc Interface. 2014 Apr 6;11(93):20130962.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarz EM. What potential biologic treatments are available for osteolysis? J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2008;16(Suppl 1):S72–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith RL, Schwarz EM. Are biologic treatments a potential approach to wear- and corrosion-related problems? Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2014 Dec;472(12):3740–3746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar