Quantitative human health risk assessment along the lifecycle of nano-scale copper-based wood preservatives

References

• Civardi, C., F. W. M. R. Schwarze, and P. Wick. 2015. “Micronized Copper Wood Preservatives: An Efficiency and Potential Health Risk Assessment for Copper-Based Nanoparticles.” Environmental Pollution 200: 126–132. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2015.02.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherrie, J. W.. 1999. “The Effect of Room Size and General Ventilation on the Relationship between Near and Far-field Concentrations.” Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 14: 539–546.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clausen, C. A. 2007. Nanotechnology: Implications for the Wood Preservation Industry. Stockholm, Sweden: IRG Secretariat.
   Google Scholar
• de Jong, W., V. Stone, F. Cassee, and I. Gosens. 'A 28-day oral toxicity study in rats with copper oxide and copper carbonate nanoparticles', submitted.
   Google Scholar
• ECHA. 2008. Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.8: Characterisation of Dose Concentration -response for Human Health. European Chemicals Agency.
   Google Scholar
• ECHA. 2016. Recommendation no. 10 of the BPC ad hoc Working Group on Human Exposure: The Most Appropriate Model to be used for the Scenario of Non-professional Application of Paints by Brushing and Rolling. Helsinki, Finland: European Chemicals Agency.
   Google Scholar
• ECHA. 2017. Guidance on the Biocidal Products Regulation - Volume III Human Health - Assessment & Evaluation (Parts B + C). Helsinki, Finland: European Chemicals Agency.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, P., H. Matsunaga, and M. Kiguchi. 2008. “Large-Scale Application of Nanotechnology for Wood Protection.” Nature Nanotechnology 3 (10): 577. doi:10.1038/nnano.2008.286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonseca, A. S., E. Kuijpers, K. I. Kling, M. Levin, A. J. Koivisto, S. H. Nielsen, W. Fransman, Y. Fedutik, K. A. Jensen, and I. K. J. Koponen. 2018. “Particle Release and Control of Worker Exposure during Laboratory-Scale Synthesis, Handling and Simulated Spills of Manufactured Nanomaterials in Fume Hoods.” Journal of Nanoparticle Research 20 (2): 48. doi:10.1007/s11051-018-4136-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman, B. M. H., and C. R. McIntyre. 2008. “A Comprehensive Review of Copper-Based Wood Preservatives with a Focus on New Micronized or Dispersed Copper Systems.” Forest Products Journal 58 (11): 6–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman, M., and C. Mcintyre. 2013. “Micronized CopperWood Preservatives: Strong Indications of the Reservoir Effect.” Washington DC: International Research Group on Wood Protection, pp. 18.
   Google Scholar
• Ganser, G. H., and P. Hewett. 2017. “Models for Nearly Every Occasion: Part II - Two Box Models.” Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 14 (1): 58–71. doi:10.1080/15459624.2016.1213393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorman, M., Semple, S. Cherrie, W. J. Christopher, Y. Northage, C. Tielemans, E. Veroughstraete, V. and Van Tongeren, M. 2012. “The Relationship between Inadvertent Ingestion and Dermal Exposure Pathways: A New Integrated Conceptual Model and a Database of Dermal and Oral Transfer Efficiencies.” The Annals of Occupational Hygiene 56 (9): 1000–1012. doi:10.1093/annhyg/mes041.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gosens, I., F. R. Cassee, M. Zanella, L. Manodori, A. Brunelli, A. L. Costa, B. G. H. Bokkers, et al. 2016. “Organ Burden and Pulmonary Toxicity of Nano-Sized Copper (II) Oxide Particles after Short-Term Inhalation Exposure.” Nanotoxicology10 (8): 1084–1095. doi:10.3109/17435390.2016.1172678.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heggelund, L., S. F. Hansen, T. F. Astrup, A. Boldri. 2016. “Semi-quantitative Analysis of Solid Waste Flows from Nano-enabled Consumer Products in Europe, Denmark and the United Kingdom – Abundance, distribution and management.” Waste Management 56: 584–592. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2016.05.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewett, P., and G. H. Ganser. 2017. “Models for Nearly Every Occasion: Part I - One Box Models.” Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 14 (1): 49–57. doi:10.1080/15459624.2016.1213392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hébert, C. 1993. NTP Technical Report on toxicity studies of cupric sulphate (CAS N°7758-99-8) administered in drinking water and feed to F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice, National Toxicology Program, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
   Google Scholar
• IPCS-WHO. 2014. Guidance Document on Evaluating and Expressing Uncertainty in Hazard Characterization. Geneva: World Health Organisation.
   Google Scholar
• ISO. 1997. BS EN 84: Wood Preservatives. Accelerated Ageing of Treated Wood Prior to Biological Testing. Leaching Procedure. London, UK: British Standards Institution.
   Google Scholar
• Kartal, S. N., F. Green, and C. A. Clausen. 2009. “Do the Unique Properties of Nanometals Affect Leachability or Efficacy against Fungi and Termites?” International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 63 (4): 490–495. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2009.01.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lebow, S., and D. Foster. 2005. “Environmental Concentrations of Copper, Chromium, and Arsenic Released from a Chromated-Copper-Arsenate- (CCA-C-) Treated Wetland Boardwalk.” Forest Products Journal 55 (2): 62–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackevica, A., S. F. Hansen, and M. E. Olsson. 2016. Release of Nanomaterials from Consumer Products and Implications for Consumer Exposure Assessment. Kongens Lyngby, Copenhagen: Technical University of Denmark, DTU Environment.
   Google Scholar
• NIOSH. 2003. “Elements on Wipes: Method 9102.” In NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
   Google Scholar
• Nowack, B., A. Boldrin, A. Caballero, S. F. Hansen, F. Gottschalk, L. Heggelund, M. Hennig, et al. 2016. “Meeting the Needs for Released Nanomaterials Required for Further Testing—the SUN Approach.” Environmental Science & Technology 50 (6): 2747–2753. doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b04472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang, C., D. Hristozov, A. Zabeo, L. Pizzol, M. P. Tsang, P. Sayre, and A. Marcomini. 2017. “Probabilistic Approach for Assessing Infants' Health Risks Due to Ingestion of Nanoscale Silver Released from Consumer Products.” Environment International 99: 199–207. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pantano, D., N. Neubauer, J. Navratilova, L. Scifo, C. Civardi, V. Stone, F. von der Kammer, et al. 2018. “Transformations of Nanoenabled Copper Formulations Govern Release, Antifungal Effectiveness, and Sustainability throughout the Wood Protection Lifecycle.” Environmental Science & Technology 52 (3): 1128–1138. doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b04130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pizzol, L., D. Hristozov, A. Zabeo, G. Basei, W. Wohlleben, J. Koivisto, K. A. Jensen, W. Fransman, V. Stone, and A. Marcomini. 'SUNDS probabilistic human health risk assessment methodology and its application to organic pigment used in the automotive industry', submitted.
   Google Scholar
• Platten, W., T. Luxton, S. Gerke, N. Harmon, K. Sylvest, B. Rogers, and K. Rogers. 2014. Release of Micronized Copper Particles from Pressure Treated Wood Products. USA: US Environmental Protection Agency.
   Google Scholar
• Platten, W. E., N. Sylvest, C. Warren, M. Arambewela, S. Harmon, K. Bradham, K. Rogers, T. Thomas, and T. P. Luxton. 2016. “Estimating Dermal Transfer of Copper Particles from the Surfaces of Pressure-Treated Lumber and Implications for Exposure.” Science of the Total Environment 548–549: 441–449. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCENIHR. 2009. Risk Assessment of Products of Nanotechnologies. Brussels, Belgium: Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks.
   Google Scholar
• Schneider, T., and K. Jensen. 2009. “Relevance of Aerosol Dynamics and Dustiness for Personal Exposure to Manufactured Nanoparticles.” Journal of Nanoparticle Research 11 (7): 1637–1650. doi:10.1007/s11051-009-9706-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinfeldt, M. 2017. “Hot Spot Release Mapping of Nanomaterials – A Visual Exposure Assessment Method for Preliminary Assessment.” In New Tools and Approaches for Nanomaterials Safety Assessment. Malaga, Spain.
   Google Scholar
• Subramanian, V., E. Semenzin, D. Hristozov, A. Zabeo, I. Malsch, E. McAlea, F. Murphy, et al. 2016. “Sustainable Nanotechnology Decision Support System: Bridging Risk Management, Sustainable Innovation and Risk Governance.” Journal of Nanoparticle Research 18 (4): 1–13. doi:10.1007/s11051-016-3375-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiarks, F., T. Frechen, S. Kirsch, J. Leuninger, M. Melan, A. Pfau, F. Richter, B. Schuler, and C. L. Zhao. 2003. “Formulation Effects on the Distribution of Pigment Particles in Paints.” Progress in Organic Coatings 48 (2–4): 140–152. doi:10.1016/S0300-9440(03)00095-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsang, M. P., D. Hristozov, A. Zabeo, A. J. Koivisto, A. C. Ø. Jensen, K. A. Jensen, C. Pang, A. Marcomini, and G. Sonnemann. 2017. “Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Emerging Materials: Case Study of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles.” Nanotoxicology 11 (4): 558–568. doi:10.1080/17435390.2017.1329952.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US EPA. 1995. 'Wood Products Industry' in Emissions Factors and AP 42. 5th ed. US74 Environmental Protection Agency.
   Google Scholar
• US EPA. 2001. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Volume III - Part a, Process for Conducting Probabilistic Risk Assessment. Washington, DC, USA: US Environmental Protection Agency.
   Google Scholar
• US EPA. 2003. A Probabilistic Risk Assessment for Children Who Contact CCA-Treated Playsets and Decks. Washington, DC, USA: US Environmental Protection Agency.
   Google Scholar
• Van Der Voet, H., and W. Slob. 2007. “Integration of Probabilistic Exposure Assessment and Probabilistic Hazard Characterization.” Risk Analysis 27 (2): 351–371. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2007.00887.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Leeuwen, C., and T. Vermeire. 2007. Risk Assessment of Chemicals: An Introduction. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar